. 1 October; 24, 1891. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
121 
and Pears were concerned. There were also some 
> good- general collections of fruit, including fine 
samples of Grapes, and vegetables were also well 
shown. For a collection of twelve dishes of fruit, 
including Grapes, Mr. P. Blair, gardener to the 
Duke of Sutherland, Trentham, Stoke-upon-Trent, 
carried off the first honours with Madersfield Court, 
Muscat of Alexandria, Alicant, Gros Colmar, and 
Black Hamburgh, as well as with Pine-apples, 
Apples, Pears and others in fine condition. Mr. 
G. Reynolds, gardener to the Messrs, de Rothschild, 
Gunnersbury Park, Acton, took the second place 
with huge bunches of Trebbiano, and fine samples 
of Gros Maroc, Mrs. Pince, Muscat of Alexandria, 
and other fruits. Mr. C. Davies, The Mote Gardens, 
Maidstone, was third with a very varied lot. The 
prizes offered for a collection of Apples, dessert or 
culinary, brought some grand exhibits, including fine 
dishes of Peasgood’s Nonsuch, Bismarck, Stirling 
Castle, Cellini, New Hawthornden, Warner’s King, 
Gloria Mundi, etc. The first award was taken by 
Messrs. Geo. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone ; Mr. John 
Watkins, Pomona Farm Nursery, Withington, Here¬ 
ford, was second; and Mr. A. Waterman, gardener 
to H. L. C. Brassey, Esq., Preston Hall Gardens, 
Aylesford, Kent, was third with a fine lot. Mr. C. 
Davies had the best collection of Pears ; and was 
followed by Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, with 
fine samples of Pitmaston Duchess, General Todtle- 
ben, and others; Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co. were 
third. Mr. C. Blick, gardener to Martin R. Smith, 
Esq., The Warren, Hayes Common, had the best 
twelve dishes of Pears; Mr. C. Davies was second; 
and Mr. W. A. Cook, The Gardens, Compton 
Basset, Wilts, was third. Mr. F. Bridger, gardener 
to Lord de 1 ’Isle and Dudley, Penshurst Place, Kent, 
had the best six dishes of Pears. The competition 
for eighteen dishes of Apples was keen, and the first 
award was taken by Mr. C. Davies ; Mr. F. Bridger 
was second ; and Mr. G. Reynolds was third. The 
exhibit of Mr. H. Markham, gardener to Viscountess 
Falmouth, Mereworth Castle, Maidstone, received 
no award, but it was certainly fine, and might have 
taken a higher place. Mr. A. Wyatt, Hatton, 
Middlesex, had the best six dishes of dessert Apples; 
and Mr. G. H. Sage, gardener to the Earl of Dysart, 
Ham House, Richmond, was second. Mr. F. 
Bridger and Mr. G. H. Sage took the two first 
awards for culinary Apples in the order named. 
Mr. Ryder, Orpington, Kent, had the best twelve 
dishes of Tomatos ; and was followed by Mr. Nor¬ 
man Davis, Lilford Nurseries, Camberwell, with 
fruits grown in the open air. Mr. G. Reynolds 
carried off the first award for twelve bunches of 
Grapes with fine samples; Mr. Wilson, gardener to 
R. C. Christie, Esq., The Elms, Roehampton, was 
second. Mr. C. Griffin, gardener to Miss Christy, 
Coombe Bank, Kingston, had the best three bunches 
of black and also white Grapes. Vegetables were 
shown in grand condition, and the first award for twelve 
varieties went to Mr. T. Wilkins, gardener to Lady 
Theodora Guest, Inwood House, Blandford ; Mr. R. 
Lye, gardener to W. A. Kingsmill, Esq., Sidmonton 
Court, Newbury, was second; and Mr. C. J. Waite, 
Glenhurst, Esher, was third. Mr. C. Griffin had 
the best six Tomatos; Mr. T. Horsman, gardener to 
C. H. Golding Bird, Esq., Meopham, had the best 
Parsnips; Mr. T. Wilkins was first for Onions and 
Carrots ; Mr. R. Lye had the best Leeks and Beet; 
Mr. J. C. Waite was first for Cauliflowers; and Mr. 
C. Osman, South Metropolitan District Schools, had 
the best Celery. 
There was a large number of miscellaneous 
exhibits, including a fine group of tuberous Begonias 
from Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill. For 
this group they were awarded a Silver Medal, and 
another for a large collection of Apples. A similar 
award was made to Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, 
Crawley, for a collection of Dahlias, Apples and 
Pears; to Messrs. John Peed & Sons, Mitcham 
Road, Streatham, for a large collection of Apples 
and Pears ; to Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., Wor¬ 
cester, also for Apples and Pears ; to Messrs. Chas. 
Lee & Son, Ealing, for a collection of Apples and 
Pears in fine condition ; and to Messrs. W. Paul 
& Sons, Waltham Cross, for Roses, shrubs, Apples 
and Pears. Mr. H. J. Jones, Ryecroft Nursery, 
Lewisham, showed a nice group of early-flowering 
Japanese Chrysanthemums, some of which were 
commended. Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, 
showed Begonia and Chrysanthemum flowers. 
Dwarf-trained Chrysanthemums were shown by Mr. 
H. Neary, gardener to the Rev. R. W. Powell, 
Hornsey. Mr. M. Pritchard, Christchurch, Hants, 
had a group of herbaceous plants and shrubby 
Veronicas. Marigolds were shown by Mr. W. 
Salmon, West Norwood. At a meeting of the 
National Chrysanthemum Society collections of 
cut flowers of Chrysanthemums were shown by Mr. 
R. Owen, Maidenhead, and Mr. Norman Davis, 
Lilford Road, Camberwell. A stand of Japanese 
and another, of Anemone varieties were shown by 
Mr. E. Rowbottom, gardener to H. R. Williams, 
Esq., The Priory, Hornsey. Several varieties sent 
by different exhibitors were certificated, for which 
see under “ New and Rare Plants.” 
WHAT TO DO IN THE GARDEN, 
Tydaeas.—Late batches of these plants will now 
prove serviceable in the stove as other flowering 
subjects get scarcer. Showy and useful kinds for 
late work are Madame Heine, Aurantiaca, and 
Robert le Diable. These should be arranged in 
groups in association with other groups of flowering 
plants such as Ixora, Gardenia, Gesneras and others. 
Foliage plants of various kinds, both with broad and 
massive leaves, and others with graceful and finely 
divided leaves, may be utilised in such a way as to 
produce a fine effect for some time to come. 
Gloxinias and Achimenes.— -As the flowers of 
late varieties fail, and the foliage shows signs of 
going to rest, the plants should be transferred to some 
dry and warm place, or on shelves near the glass in 
a vinery from which the fruit has been cut. The 
plants must not be suddenly dried off or it will be at 
the expense of the corms, which would shrivel and 
otherwise keep badly during the winter months. 
Bromeiiads. —Be very sparing with the syringe 
on plants of this class, especially those whose leaves 
have a large sheathing base in which the moisture 
collects to their injury in cold, damp weather. To 
prevent this the plants should occasionally be in¬ 
verted and the water run out. 
Hard Wooded Plants. —It must be remembered 
that newly housed plants of this kind must receive 
all the light and air possible to prevent undue 
excitement of growth, otherwise they will become 
unhealthy and a prey to mildew and insect pests. 
Every attention should be paid to the cleanliness of 
the glass, and to the arrangement of the plants so as 
to stand clear of one another and admit a free play 
of light and air. So long as the night temperature 
stands somewhere about 40° or 45 0 no fire heat will 
be necessary and a little only need be given in the 
morning to expel damp in protracted periods of damp 
weather. 
Trees and Shrubs. —Evergreen subjects includ¬ 
ing Conifers do well as a rule when transplanted at 
this season of the year. Very large Conifers and 
Hollies had best be left till spring, and the moving 
effected if possible during showery weather. Large 
and valuable specimens of Conifers may be pre¬ 
pared for removal by digging a trench round the 
tree, at a suitable distance relatively to the size 
of the specimen, and filling this with rich, light 
material containing a good proportion of leaf soil. 
This will encourage the development of a mass of 
fibrous roots, and the trees so prepared may be 
moved with safety next autumn provided they are 
lifted with a good ball. Trench the ground 2 ft. 
deep equally all over where plantations are made, 
-- 
Questions add Answers. 
Books. — J. O., Berwick: Henfrey’s Elementary 
Botany. Price about 15s. 
Names of Plants.— W. S.: r and 6, Garden 
varieties of Pelargoniums, which we cannot undertake 
to name ; 2, 3, and 4, Garden Fuchsias, which can 
only be named by those who grow a large collection ; 
5, Begonia imperialis ; 7, Davallia Nooae-zelandiae ; 8, 
Billbergia thyrsoidea splendens. Aster: 1, Aster 
Novi Belgii densus; 2, A. Novse-Angliae roseus; 
3, A. trinervis; 4, A. Novi-Belgii var. ; 5, A. dumosus;- 
6, A. sagittifolius. A ,C.:Cryptomeriajaponica; 2, next 
week possibly for the fresh sample you sent; 2, 
Juniperus communis succica ; 3, Cupressus Law- 
soniana ; 4, Juglans regia, the common Walnut; 
5, Alnus glutinosa laciniata. 
Levelling. — J. C.: We do not know of any cheap 
book specially devoted to the subject of levelling, the 
making of embankments, etc. You might try Messrs. 
Spon & Co., 125, Strand, W.C. Most of the stan- 
da rd works on gardening give samples of levelling, 
but do not, as a rule,- go very extensively into the sub¬ 
ject. With regard to your second question, we are 
unable to say anything about the house you mention. 
Names of Fruits. — W. Davis: 1, Beurre 
Clairgeau ; 2, Beurre d’Amanlis; 6, Bonne d’Ezee; 
4, Beurre Bose ; 5, Autumn Colmar.— A. L. : 1, Kes¬ 
wick Codlin; 2, Hawthornden, 5, Northern Greening ; 
6, Dutch Mignonne; 11. Kentish Codlin; 13, 
Golden Spire; 14, Cox’s Pomona; 15, Winter 
Hawthornden ; 17, Hawthornden ; 19, Cat’s Head.— 
T. F.: 1. Dutch Mignonne; 2, Cox’s Orange Pippin ; 
3, Kerry Pippin ; 4, Stirling Castle; 5, Hawthornden ; 
6, Nonsuch ; 7, Lord Suffield.— J. L. Bray : 1 and 13, 
Duchesse d’Angouleme ; 2, Beurre Hardy ; 2, Beurre 
Bachelier; 4 and 8, Glou Morceau; 6, Sturmer 
Pippin; 9, Beurre Ranee; 10, Passe Colmar; n. 
King of the Pippins ; 12 and 19, Marie Louise; 14, 
Beurre Stirkman’s; 15, Winter Nelis; 17, Deux 
Soeurs ; 18, Yorkshire Greening ; 20, Cox’s Pomona ; 
21, Dumelow’s Seedling ; 22, Yorkshire Beauty ; 23, 
Jefferson’s. We beg our correspondents to be 
moderate in their demands on our time. Six speci¬ 
mens at a time is our limit. 
Corm or Bulb ?— Colchicum: The rootstock of 
Colchicum is a true corm, but it is somewhat different 
from that of Crocus. Just now, flowers are being 
produced from the side and near the base of the 
shortened stem or corm. The short flower scapes 
are surrounded by sheaths and rudimentary leaves. 
In the axils of the two lowest leaves, small buds may 
be found. During the winter the intermode between 
the bud swells up, forming a new corm ; and towards 
spring the leaves become well developed and are 
seen to arise from the top of the new corm, while 
the old one is gradually becoming shrivelled up. 
The upper one of the two buds above mentioned forms 
a bud or small corm corresponding to an offset, while 
the lower budgives rise to the flowers which will be 
produced next autumn. The difference between a 
corm then and a true bulb, is that the former is a 
short, thickened and fleshy stem with very slightly 
developed intermodes, while the latter consists 
chiefly of fleshy, sheathing tunics or of narrow, 
fleshy scales all attached to the upper surface of a 
very much shortened and flattened body corres¬ 
ponding to the stem. 
Transplanting Rhododendrons. — A . J . R .: 
Spring, as you say, is the best time for lifting and 
transplanting subjects of this class, but, provided 
you lift them with a good ball, you may do this at 
almost any time, provided watering is attended to 
when the operation is performed in dry weather. 
If the soil in which the plants are growing is of a 
peaty nature, or fairly retentive, the close mass of 
fibrous roots will hold a sufficient amount of soil to¬ 
gether to enable the plants to be moved with safety 
at once. Peat and leaf soil should be freely used in 
the preparation of the ground for the fresh planta¬ 
tion, more particularly if the natural soil is of a light 
and gravelly nature or heavy retentive clay. 
Cape Gooseberry. — L.H.: The temperature of 
a greenhouse is all that is necessary to enable you to 
grow and fruit the plant successfully, provided the 
other cultural matters are properly attended to. 
Being nearly hardy, it is often fruited on a wall in 
the open air in fine summers. You cannot, however, 
expect it to fruit during the first year from seed ; 
but if you can get cuttings and strike them in heat, 
between this and early spring, the chances are that 
some fruit will be produced the first year. Give 
plenty of water when making growth, and an abun¬ 
dance of air at all times during the summer months. 
The ripening of the fruit would be encouraged by 
partially withholding water during the period of ma¬ 
turity. 
Clematis Flammula. — M . M . : Your plant must 
have been very weak, otherwise it would have been 
strongly established by this time. We strongly sus¬ 
pect that slugs have eaten off the young shoots in 
spring when they were yet in a tender state. If the 
roots are still fresh they may send up shoots in spring. 
In the mean time carefully examine the ground all 
round the plant to see if no slugs are harbouring 
there ; then cover the crown with dry leaves for the 
winter, laying some soil upon them to prevent their 
blowing about. As the weather gets warmer in 
spring remove the leaves, and surround the crown 
with a layer of sifted coal ashes to keep the slugs 
away. 
Communications Received. —R. D.—M. C.— 
W. S. & Co.—J. R. P.—J. D.—C. P.—W. R.—W. S. 
—W. B.—T. H.—A. H. (next week)—D. Hill (next 
week)—R. D.—Rose. 
--j*- 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
James Cocker & Sons, Aberdeen.—Roses, Fruit 
Trees, Perennials, and Tuberous-rooted Plants, etc. 
-•*-- 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
October 19 th, 1891. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 
39, Seed Market, Mark Lane, E.C., report that 
owing to rainy weather the trade in winter Tares and 
Rye is slow and values unchanged. Red Clover is 
hardening, the prospect of harvesting any seed in 
England being doubtful. Rye Grasses steady, with 
a fair export demand. 
