October 31, 1891. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
129 
three milligrammes of a gramme) per 2 lbs. 
Now, those who eat 2 lbs. of Grapes every day with¬ 
out throwing anything away, absorb only in a 
month as much salt of copper as is considered 
absolutely inoffensive, even if it were taken all at one 
time. Mr. Bernard Dyer (p. 132) has proved also 
that the application of sulphate of copper has abso¬ 
lutely no deleterious effects. 
An Educational Collection of Vines forlSouth Aus¬ 
tralia. —The Australasian states that at a meeting of 
the Central Agricultural Bureau of South Australia, 
held some time since, Mr. M. Holtze, the curator at 
the Botanic gardens, signified his intention of start¬ 
ing an educational vineyard in connection with the 
Botanic park. His idea was to collect all the best 
species of vines obtainable, and plant them on about 
an acre of land, which would be be specially pre¬ 
pared. This suggestion was heartily received by the 
other members of the bureau, and it was considered 
an admirable one, as young vine-growers would be 
enabled to visit the gardens and note the growth of 
the vines. 
The air of Forests.—The salubrity of the neighbour¬ 
hood of forests is generally attributed to the 
atmosphere there being richer in oxygen. This view 
is contradicted by Biederman's Centralblatt, a German 
review, which affirms that the atmosphere in the 
neighbourhood of forests does not contain any excess 
of oxygen. The salubrity of the air ought to be 
attributed to the great purity of the atmosphere. 
Wooded districts are not troubled with smoke, 
injurious vapours, nor the germs and bacteria that 
are found in towns. The innumerable leaves and 
branches of a forest in a manner filter the air, and 
retain the micro-organisms, which float in the lower 
grounds. Besides, woods cut the cold and dry winds, 
so dangerous to the organs of respiration, and render 
the temperature more uniform. Woody districts 
offer more ozone, which in itself is very salubrious. 
Birmingham Gardeners’ Association. —Mr. Harry 
J. Veitch, of the Royal Exotic Nurseries, Chelsea, 
opened the winter session, on October 18th, with a 
lecture describing his visit to Corfu and Greece, 
giving a large number of admirable illustrations by 
means of the lime-light and a powerful lantern. It 
was a most interesting narrative of the principal 
places he had visited, giving much valued informa¬ 
tion about ancient and modern Greece, of the 
principal celebrated buildings and statuary, and 
throughout ensuring the close attention of his 
audience. Touching upon the horticulture of Greece, 
which is of a very limited character, Mr. Veitch 
drew attention to the cultivation of the Olive trees 
there in enormous numbers, some three millions of 
trees being cultivated,for the produce of the Olive 
oil, some of the trees being 500 years old. It was a 
most interesting and instructive lecture, and Sir 
Thomas Martineau, the president of the Association, 
who presided, in proposing a vote of thanks to Mr. 
Veitch, spoke warmly of the value of the lecture, 
and Mr. W. B. Latham, in seconding, thoroughly 
expressed the feelings of the large gathering of 
members. 
PROPOSED BRITISH 
SCHOOL OF GARDENING AND 
SMALL HUSBANDRY. 
A joint committee of the Gardeners’ Company and 
the Royal Horticultural Society have for some time 
past been considering the subject of the establishment 
of-a British school and college of technical horticul¬ 
ture and small husbandry. They have now drawn 
up a scheme for adoption by their respective bodies. 
This provides that the general objects of the school 
shonld be to impart a higher class of education in the 
principles and practice of the cultivation of fruits, 
flowers, vegetables, &c , than is at present obtainable 
in Great Britain to 1, persons wishing to qualify 
themselves for employment in gardening and garden 
farming in this country; 2, the sons of landed pro¬ 
prietors, farmers, and others who are interested in 
gardening; and 3, persons who may be desirous of 
emigrating or may be already resident in the colonies. 
Preference will be given to students of British birth. 
No student will be admitted who does not already 
possess some elementary practical knowledge and 
experience of gardening or garden-farming. All 
students will, in ordinary circumstances, be expected 
to continue their studies for at least two years. The 
object being to impart a thoroughly practical educa¬ 
tion in gardening, all students must be prepared to 
devote themselves to the manual as well as to the 
scientific branches of the work, and to yield implicit 
obedience to the directors. Efficient directors will 
superintend the instruction in the various branches 
of cultivation, and lectures on the scientific aspects 
of gardening and farming will be delivered by 
qualified persons and illustrated by practical 
demonstrations. To attain these objects, it is pro¬ 
posed that the Gardeners' Company and the Royal 
Horticultural Society should secure suitable land 
where experimental and practical gardening may be 
carried on, pending which arrangements are being 
made to utilise the gardens of the Royal Horticul¬ 
tural Society at Chiswick for the instruction of stu¬ 
dents in connection with the scheme. 
INFRINGEMENT OF 
COPYRIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS. 
A decision has just been given in the Court of 
Session, Scotland, which is of sufficient importance 
to warrant our bringing it to the notice of our trade 
readers. Those who are engaged in the preparation 
and publication of illustrations in English horti¬ 
cultural papers, catalogues, etc., have long been 
aware of the unprincipled piracy of their work 
Desmodium penduli florum. 
See page 133. 
carried on by one A. Blanc, of Philadelphia, for the 
illustration of American trade catalogues. These 
pirated blocks have also been offered for sale in this 
country, but notwithstanding the fact that it does 
not appear to be generally known that a British 
illustration pirated in the United States and pub¬ 
lished in this country is as much an infringement of 
copyright as though the copy were made and issued 
in the United Kingdom, English traders have not 
availed themselves of the American copies to any 
appreciable extent, and hitherto no action has been 
taken in this country to put a stop to Blanc’s piracy. 
It now appears, however, that amongst others who 
have suffered at the hands of the Philadelphia en¬ 
graver are the Messrs. Sutton & Sons, of Reading, 
who finding pirated copies of their registered illus¬ 
trations being made use of by Messrs. John Baxter 
& Sons, Printers, of Edinburgh, brought an action 
against them in the Court of Session, and have just 
obtained a perpetual injunction, with costs, restrain¬ 
ing them from infringing the copyright of illustrated 
catalogues issued by the Reading firm. The Messrs. 
Baxter admitted having purchased the electros of 
illustrations from Blanc, but the injunction obtained 
by the Messrs. Sutton will teach them in future not 
to make use of pirated blocks, and should prove a 
useful warning also to those who have the prepara¬ 
tion of trade catalogues in this country to be cautious 
as to what other illustrations they make use of than 
are not absolutely their own. 
Remembering some correspondence which was 
published in The Garden some few years ago, we can¬ 
not offer the Messrs. Baxter any sympathy, but as 
journalists we do thank the Messrs. Sutton for, 
by their action in this case, obtaining a satisfactory 
legal judgment upon the point. 
_ , ♦ _ _ 
THE CLIMATE AND 
FLORA OF PERU. 
The following notes on the climate and flora of Peru 
from the pen of Mr. A. Sinclair, an Aberdeenshire 
man, and well-known Planter, who, along with Mr. 
Ross (a Kincardineshire man), was chosen some 
months ago by the Peruvian Corporation of London 
to undertake a prospective tour through Peru, will 
doubtless be read with interest. 
Writing from Lima, Mr. Sinclair says :— So far as 
I can judge from one week’s experience I have found 
a perfect climate at last! No use talking of Tas¬ 
mania after this ! The thermometer has varied from 
62° to 68° since our arrival here ; rain never known 
of course, and sun very rarely, so much so that 
umbrellas or parasols are unknown. There has 
not been more than one hour’s sunshine during the 
past week, but there is quite sufficient light for men 
or trees, and even the Peradeniya Gardens (Ceylon) 
do not show finer trees than grow near Lima. 
Coffee, too, equal to the best Ceylon could show in 
its palmy days. We have been very kindly received 
by the President downwards, and altogether we are 
delighted with Lima, a really beautiful city of some 
150,000 inhabitants. 
Writing from Tarma, Mr. Sinclair says :—I have 
crossed the Andes ! and still live to tell the tale. 
Leaving Lima a week ago, we stopped at a village 
called Matucana, about sixty miles inland, and 7,788 
feet above sea level. Here we stayed two days, but 
were not idle. Procuring mules, we proceeded to 
ascend the mountains. Matucana may be described 
as a village of 250 inhabitants, situated at the bottom 
of a basin only a few hundred yards wide, but widen¬ 
ing out to fifty miles at the upper rim, which is 
covered with snow. The hills rise at an angle of from 
45° to 75°. and the so-called roads are really a terror to 
think of. In the distance the mountains of Peru or 
the Andes look as bleak and barren as Arabia, and 
most globe-trotters, who take a passing glimpse, say 
so ; but such is not the case. I have not yet seen 
an acre upon which the botanist might not revel, and 
but for the fact that I had to watch with constan 
dread the feet of my mule, I have never spent a 
more intensely interesting afternoon than I did during 
this memorable ride. Up, up, we went, zig-zagging 
on paths often not more than 18 in. wide, and sloping 
over chasms that made one blind to look down. 
Speak of “ loupin o'er a linn," here is a chance for 
any love-sick Duncan. 
But oh the flowers ! the sweet flowers, who could 
pass these unheeded. So many old friends too, in 
all the glory of their native home, welcoming us 
and indicating the altitude more correctly than any 
aneroid. First comes the Heliotrope, scenting the 
air with its massive blue clusters. So different from 
the straggling exotic in Britain or the leafy lanky 
plant in Ceylon. This grows in the greatest perfec¬ 
tion and profusion about 8,000 ft. ; then come miles 
of bright yellow Calceolarias, intermixed so prettily 
with a brilliant red Salvia, every vacancy apparently 
filled up with lovely little Lobelias, curious Cupheas, 
and creeping Solanums, while our (Ceylon) old enemy, 
the Ageratum, everywhere intruded his white thiev¬ 
ing head. Suddenly all was changed, and hundreds 
of acres of the most beautiful blue Lupin cover the 
ground ; this grows up to 14,000 ft., and then gives 
way for the Dandelion, which disputes with the snow 
at the limit of 16,000 ft. 
We were contented, however, on this occasion to 
reach about 13,000 ft., and very tired as we were, 
eagerly accepted the invitation of an Indian to enter 
his hut; and here let me say the ignorant prejudices 
against the red Indian changed at once as I looked 
upon this evidently happy and most hospitable 
family. The best they had was placed before us; 
and one sweet lassie, seeing we were fond of flowers, 
disappeared like lightning into a tidy little garden, 
and brought us such bouquets as I had rarely seen. 
Imagine real red Roses, Stocks, Fuchsias, Sweet 
Peas, Gladioli, &c., mixed up with sprigs of Fennel! 
I could not help contrasting this delightful reception 
with what I had seen further west, where 
“ The Australian boor 
Against the houseless stranger shuts the door,” 
