November 14, 1891. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
163 
the front, as he was also in the mixed class for twenty- 
four blooms. The class for members who had never 
taken a prize excited greater competition, Mr. Bungan 
taking the lead with six nice blooms of Val d’Andorrc, 
Louis Boehmer, Madame Audiguier, M. Astorg, M. H, 
Jacotot, and La Triomphante. The whole of the 
arrangements were well carried out under the super¬ 
vision of the energetic secretary, Mr. T. F. Davison. 
At the Crystal Palace, on Nov. 6th and 7th, 
the groups of Chrysanthemums were a grand fea¬ 
ture, on account of their number and generally high 
quality. In the case of cut blooms, the Japanese 
varieties were in most cases up to the standard, but 
here as elsewhere there seemed to be a falling away 
in the incurved classes, owing 'probably to the 
unfavourable nature of the weather during the last 
month. The leading award for 24 Japanese and 24 
incurved varieties, was taken by Messrs. W. & G. 
Drover, Fareham, Hants, the quality of the blooms 
being well sustained in both classes. Good Japanese 
blooms wereW. H. Lincoln, Stanstead White, Etoile 
de Lyon, Mrs. F. Jameson and Mons. Bernard ; 
Lord Alcester, Emily Dale, Empress of India, 
Alfred Salter, John Doughty, Princess of Wales and 
Queen of England were in good form amongst 
incurved sorts. Mr. E. White, gardener to C. H. 
Goschen, Esq., Ballards, Addington, Croydon, came 
in second with fine blooms of the Japanese type ; 
and the same might be said of the exhibits of Mr. C. 
Gibson, gardener to J. Wormald, Esq., MordenPark, 
Surrey, and Mr. H. Shoesmith, gardener to M. 
Hodgson, Esq., Shirley Cottage, Croydon, who took 
third and fourth respectively. There were 7 entries 
in this class. Mr. E. Whittle had the best iS in¬ 
curved varieties, and was followed by Mr. C. Cox, 
gardener to J. Trotter, Esq., The Grange, Bricken- 
don, Herts. The best twelve incurved blooms were 
those of Mr. J. Hughes, gardener to H. F. de 
Paravicini, Esq., Heathfield, Bracknell, Berks; Mr. 
A. Turner, gardener to F. Murray, Esq., Woodcote 
Hall, Epsom, had the best six. The first prize for 
eighteen Japanese varieties was taken by Mr. C. E. 
Shea, The Elms, Foots Cray, Kent, whose blooms 
were so large that they were simply 'crowded. Mr. 
Glen, Worth Park, Crawley, was second with an 
even lot. Mr. J Douglas, gardener to Mrs. 
Whitbourne, Great Gearies, Ilford, took the lead in 
.the class for twelve Japanese sorts; and Mr. J. 
Hughes was second. Mr. C. Cox took the lead with 
six Japanese blooms of one variety. The first prize 
for eighteen reflexed and Japanese reflexed was 
taken by Mr. A. Feldgate, Burhill, Walton-on- 
Thames, who was followed by Mr. C. J. Salter, 
gardener to T. B. Haywood, Esq., Woodhatch 
Lodge, Reigate. The latter took the leading prizes 
for twelve Pompons and twelve Pompon Anemones, 
the blooms in both cases being very fine of their 
kind. In like manner the leading awards for 
eighteen Anemone and Japanese Anemone-flowered, 
and twelve Japanese Anemone-flowered, were taken 
by Mr. W. Green, gardener to Miss Wyburn, 
Hadley Manor, Barnet. The best twelve single 
varieties were those of Mr. G. Carpenter, gardener 
to Major Collis Browne, Broad Oaks, Byfleet. 
Pot plants were pretty numerous, but the large 
groups constituted the best feature, the trained 
specimens not being equal to those of former years. 
Mr. J. Providence, Townsend Nursery, Gardeners 
Lane, Putney, had the best group of incurved 
varieties, and was closely followed by Mr. H. J. 
Jones, Ryecroft Nursery, Hither Green, Lewisham ; 
the third place was taken by Messrs. Mobsby & 
Son, Moffat Road, Thornton Heath. The large 
groups of Japanese varieties were of a high order 
of merit. The first award was taken by Messrs. 
Reid & Bornemann, Tewkesbury Road, Sydenham, 
with a group evenly graduated from the back almost 
to the ground in front. Messrs. J. Carter & Co., 
High Holborn, were second with a semilunar and 
showy group. Mr. H. Loder, Kirkdale, Fairlawn 
Park Nursery, Sydenham, was third with a group of 
well grown and well bloomed plants that might have 
taken a higher place but for a slight defect in the 
arrangement. The first prize for a group in the 
gardeners' class was awarded to Mr. T. W. Wilks, 
gardener to C. Ralph, Esq., Cranbrook Villa, Upper 
Norwood, who had a neat group. Mr. R. Illes 
gardener to the Rev. C. H. Spurgeon, Westwood! 
Upper Norwood, was second; and Mr. J. Gravett, 
gardener to Dr. Hetley, Morbury Lodge, Upper 
Norwood, w r as third. Mr. R. Clarke, gardener to W. 
Griffiths, Esq., Palace Road, Streatham, had the 
best four trained specimens of Japanese, as well as 
incurved sorts. Mr. J. Weston, gardener to G. D. 
Martineau, Esq., South Road, Clapham Park, was 
first for six trained Pompons; Mr. W. Wesker, 
gardener to A. Heaver, Esq., Streatham Elms, Upper 
Tooting, had the best six trained Japanese plants ; 
and Mr. G. H. Cooper, Sydenham Road, Croydon, 
had the first prize for nine standard specimens. 
Special prizes were offered by Messrs. J. Carter & 
Co., for six dishes of Potatoes ; and they were taken 
by Mr. E. S. Wiles, Edgcote Gardens, Banbury; Mr, 
F. Peckover, Wardington, Banbury; Mr. C. W. 
Howard, Bridge, Canterbury, and by Mr. C. J. 
Waite, Glenhurst, Esher, in the order named. 
In the miscellaneous class a collection of eighty- 
seven dishes of Apples, ten dishes of Pears, also cut 
blooms of Chrysanthemum and various decorative 
plants, were shown by Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, 
Forest Hill. Several new Chrysanthemums, includ¬ 
ing Louis Bcehmer, were shown by Messrs. Carter 
& Co., and a group of that variety with finely 
coloured blooms was shown by Mr. H. J. Jones. A 
rather novel exhibit in the form of Lichens both of 
the natural colour and dyed green, worked up into 
harps, wreaths, and various other devices, was ex¬ 
hibited by Messrs. Roberts Brothers, 21, Catherine 
Street, Strand. 
There was an absence of the competitive groups of 
Chrysanthemums at the autumn show of the Chis¬ 
wick Horticultural Society on the 5th inst., but 
instead there were some very fine non-competitive 
groups, and the pot plants were more numerous. 
The first prize for twelve untrained plants was 
awarded to J. T. Thornycroft, Esq. (gardener, Mr. 
F. Meads), Eyot Villa, Chiswick, who had very 
dwarf specimens. Mrs. Sanderson (gardener, Mr. J. 
R. Wood), The Duke’s Avenue, Chiswick, was 
second, but she had the best single specimen as well 
as the best six untrained Pompons. Messrs. W. 
Fromow & Sons, Sutton Court Nursery, Chiswick, 
were awarded the first prize for a group of miscel¬ 
laneous plants, including Chrysanthemums. J. T. 
Thornycroft, Esq., had the best stove or greenhouse 
plant in Dendrobium Wardianum. E. M. Nelson, 
Esq. (gardener, Mr. E. Chadwick), Hanger Hill 
House, Ealing, had the best table plants. There 
were ten entries for Chinese Primulas, and J. B. 
Johnson, Esq. (gardener, Mr. A. Ratcliff), Little 
Sutton, took the first prize. Cut blooms were up to 
the mark of former years, and the first prize for twelve 
incurved and twelve Japanese blooms went to Mr. C. 
J. Waite, Glenhurst, Esher. He was followed by 
E. P. Oakshott, Esq. (gardener, Mr. C. Long), Or¬ 
chard Dene, Ealing; and Mrs. Sanderson was third. 
E. Tautz, Esq. (gardener, Mr. F. Davis), Queen's 
Walk, Ealing, had the best twelve incurved blooms, 
the best twelve Japanese, the best six incurved of 
one variety, and the best Japanese of one kind. The 
first prizes for six incurved and six Japanese were 
awarded to W. Daniels, Esq. (gardener, Mr. H. 
Head), Inglewood, Ixew Gardens. Mr. C. J. Waite 
was first for six reflexed, for six coloured Japanese, 
and six Pompons. Mr. E. Chadwick was first for 
six single varieties, and also for a bouquet and stand 
of Chrysanthemums. There was good competition 
in the classes for fruits and vegetables. Mr. C. J. 
Waite was first for Apples; Mr. J. R. Wood for 
Pears, and Mr. F. Davis for Grapes. Mr. C. J. 
Waite, Mr. W. Peasey, and Mr. E. Chadwick 
took the prizes for vegetables in the order named. 
The exhibits of cut blooms and pot plants of Chry¬ 
santhemums as well as vegetables, exhibited by 
amateurs and cottagers, were both representative and 
creditable. A number of miscellaneous exhibits were 
quite an effective feature of the show, and the under¬ 
mentioned were highly commended. Mr. T. May, 
gardener to the Marquis of Bute, Chiswick House! 
showed a large and representative group of Chry¬ 
santhemums ; and another finely flowered group was 
exhibited by Mr. A. Wright, gardener to E. H. 
Watts, Esq., Devonhurst, Chiswick ; while a third 
came from _ the Royal Horticultural Society’s gar¬ 
dens at Chiswick. The stage was decorated with 
Palms, Crotons, Bouvardias, etc., by Mr. Reynolds, 
gardener to the Messrs, de Rothschild, Gunnersbury 
Park, Acton. A group of Chrysanthemum blooms 
tastefully set up with Palms, and some well grown 
Nepenthes were shown by Mr. G. Wythes, gardener 
to the Duke of Northumberland, at Syon House. A 
collection of forty-six dishes of Apples and fifteen 
dishes of Pears was shown by Messrs. Charles Lee 
& Son, The Vineyard Nurseries, Hammersmith ; and 
another collection of Apples and Grapes came from 
the Royal Horticultural Society’s gardens at Chis¬ 
wick. 
For report of the National Chrysanthemum 
Society's Exhibition, see p. 167. 
Cleanings pmn f ^ IDmrltr 
Science 
Protection of Buds in the Tropics — Some 
observations have been made by M. C. Potter, M.A., 
F.L.S , upon the protection of young and tender 
leaves in the bud state against unfavourable condi¬ 
tions in tropical countries. The observations were 
made in Ceylon, and treat of protection by means of 
stipules, by the position assumed by the leaves when 
young, by shade from older leaves, and by gum. The 
position assumed by the young leaves of the Cocoa- 
nut is given as an example of how tender leaves are 
protected from the sun. The pinnee are folded over 
one another somewhat similar to the plaits of a fan, 
and the whole leaf resembles a straight rod till almost 
fully grown, before expansion. It also maintains an 
erect position, and therefore receives only a minimum 
amount of heat, till the tissues become hardened and 
leathery, after which the leaf gradually arches over 
horizontally and finally becomes pendent. Many 
other instances of the same kind occur amongst the 
Palms. Another interesting point is the protection 
of the expanding leaves of the bud by the older 
leaves conniving or even overlapping one another 
and forming a canopy over them. Uvaria purpurea 
is given as an instance of this. Mr. Potter’s observa¬ 
tions are recorded in the Journal of the Linnean Society. 
Dimorphic Flowers.— The number of Orchids in 
which two forms of flowers are produced on the 
same species is now considerable. The male and 
female flowers of Catasetum, it is now well known, 
are produced on different plants, and in some rare 
instances both kinds are produced on the same 
plant. Formerly the sexes were classed under 
different genera, until Darwin pointed out the signifi¬ 
cance of the two often remarkably distinct forms of 
flowers. There are, however, two species at least of 
Arachnanthe, namely A. Lowii and A. Rohaniana, 
which produce flowers of two kinds on the same 
raceme. In the former species the two basal flowers 
are different from all the rest, and in the latter four 
of them are in this condition, the significance of 
which is not apparent. Some of the species of 
Cycnoches also behave in a seemingly erratic manner, 
particularly C, ventricosum, which develops one kind 
of flower under certain conditions and another under 
different conditions, or even both kinds on one 
raceme. In some forms of Grammatophyllum the 
lower flowers consist of four instead of six segments, 
the lip being absent. 
A New Saprophytic Orchid.— The term sap¬ 
rophytic is applied to those plants which derive 
their food from decaying vegetable matter, and can¬ 
not utilise the inorganic matter in the soil as in the 
case of most ordinary plants containing chlorophyll 
in their leaves or stems. The Orchid under notice 
is taken as the type of a new genus, and described 
by H. N. Ridley, M.A., F.L.S., in the Journal of the 
Linnean Society under the name of Leucolena ornata. 
The rootstock is fusifurm and rhizomatous resem¬ 
bling that of some Anemone, but far from being 
identical. The stem is about 1 ft. high, covered 
with a few distant sheaths, and terminating in four 
to seven flowers which remind us somewhat of a 
Listera or Tway Blade amongst British Orchids. 
The sepals and petals are olive-green, but the lip is 
white with an elevated and violet centre, giving the 
flowers as a whole an elegant and pretty appearance. 
The wings of the column are very long, recurved, 
and remind one of the ribs of an animal. The dis¬ 
coverer, Mr. Ridley, could only find two plants upon 
a pathway in a clearing of the forest of Bukit Sadanen 
in Malacca. 
The Diamond Back Moth. — Amongst entomolo¬ 
gists this is well known under the name of Cerostoma 
Xylostella, or Plutella Xylostella according to some, 
and affords another instance of how an insect may 
be overlooked as of no importance till it has in¬ 
creased to such an extent that its ravages become 
quite a terror to the cultivators of certain districts. 
The little moth in question has been recorded from 
numerous districts all over England for many years 
past, as an insect whose feeding ground was the 
Honeysuckle, Cabbage, etc. This year it has been 
ravaging the Turnip fields along the east coast of 
England and Scotland, and anon a hue and cry is 
raised that it has come to plague us from the neigh¬ 
bouring shores of the continent. Numerous instances 
have been recorded from time to time of great havoc 
being committed by some insect, it may be in the 
larva or even the perfect form, in this country ; but 
it has seldom if ever been proved satisfactorily that 
the enemies in question have been bred outside of 
the British Islands, and in most cases it is very im¬ 
probable that they had Jieen so. 
