November 14, 1891. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
169 
Questions add Answer. 
Grubs at Carnation Roots. —Dianthus : The 
grubs you send us are those of Daddy Long Legs 
(Tipula oleracea) and quite different from those of the 
so-called Carnation Maggot. Owing to the tough 
and leathery character of their skin they are often 
spoken of under the name of Leather Jackets. The 
eggs are laid about August, and the legless grubs are 
hatched out and commence feeding upon the roots 
and other parts of various plants coming within their 
reach. They often do extensive damage to grass 
upon lawns and meadows, especially in wet places, 
also to Cabbages and other garden plants, including 
Carnations, so that yours is not the first instance 
coming under our notice. No effective method of 
destroying them wholesale has yet been discovered; 
but their numbers can be reduced by trapping with 
slices of Turnip, Carrot, Potato, &c., laid amongst 
the affected plants. _ By pulling away the soil round 
the necks of your plants, you will also be able to find 
and destroy large numbers of them if they are 
plentiful. 
Properties of a good soil. — H. C. L. : In select¬ 
ing a position for your garden you should avoid that 
which is thin and gravelly, otherwise great expense 
will be incurred in manuring it to obtain anything 
like a satisfactory crop, and the cost in watering 
would also be great. The ground should, however, 
be naturally well drained, and as far from swampy 
land as possible, unless there is a good outlet for 
drainage. A loamy soil, even if inclined to clay, and 
containing a fair amount of humus, is not only natu¬ 
rally rich, but is retentive, not only of moisture but 
also of manurial constituents, even if applied in a 
liquid state or in a state of solution. If the soil is 
fairly workable, even if inclined to be heavy, good 
crops can be obtained from it at little cost for many 
years. 
Origin of the Garden Pears. — H. West: There 
is no tangible reason for supposing that garden 
varieties of the Pear have originated,from any other 
species than Pyrus communis, seeing that there is 
considerable variation both in the leaves and fruit of 
the wild tree as it occurs both in Britain and on the 
Continent. Besides the typical pyriform-shaped 
fruit there are other forms which are rounded at the 
base, and also obconic. 
Orange and Blue Flower.— J. M. : The flower 
you sent us is that of Strelitzia Reginae, popularly 
known as Bird’s-tongue Flower or Bird of Paradise 
Flower. The cultivation of it is not attended with 
any difficulty provided you give attention to a few 
leading facts. A large pot or tub is necessary to 
ensure a vigorous growth to enable it to flower ; drain 
this well with large pieces of potsherds, and cover 
the sherds with moss to prevent the soil from stop¬ 
ping up the drainage. A compost of two parts good 
loam, one part of peat, with some sharp sand will 
suit it well. When growing during the summer 
months give an abundance of water, and considerably 
less during winter. A stove temperature is generally 
accorded it, but it will succeed in an intermediate or 
warm greenhouse, and usually flowers best after it 
gets potbound. 
Names op Fruits.— D. W.: i, Autumn Bergamot 
2, White j Doyenne ; 3, Duchesse d’Angouleme. E. 
Kates : Apple Colonel Vaughan. 
Vanda.— A.R.L. : The raceme of bloom you send 
is that of a good variety of Vanda tricolor. The 
brownish crimson spotting is so dense that the yellow 
ground colour is almost hidden. Had the ground 
colour been paler, and the brown separated from the 
markings, the plant must have taken a high rank 
amongst the named varieties of Vanda tricolor. 
Names of Plants. — Chas. Dixon: The common 
Nipplewort, Lapsana communis.— A. W: 1, Pteris 
argyreia; 2, Adiantum formosum ; 3, Habrothamnus 
elegans; 4, Fuchsia procumbens; 5, Peristrophe 
speciosa.— R. Bond: 1, Eupatorium odoratum ; 2, 
Selaginella apus ; 3, Selaginella Martensi variegata; 
4, Nephrodium patens ; 5, Davallia elegans.— G. L.: 
1, Rhus typhina ; 2, Liquidambar Styraciflua. 
Communications Received. —J. H.—A. W.—W. 
C.—W. P. R.—J. L. & S.—C. M. (next week).—E. H. 
—J. C. & Co.—Experience.—- . ’L. (next week). 
—T. H. B.—T. F. R—A. A. T.—A. W., Chetton. 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
William Cooper, 751, Old Kent Road, London, 
S.E.—Illustrated Price List of Conservatories, 
Greenhouses, Fruit Houses, Pits, Frames, &c. 
Patrick B. O'Kelly, Glenarra House, Bally- 
vaughan, Co. Clare.—Evergreen Ferns. 
Levenshulme Horticultural Co., Levens- 
hulme, Manchester.—Forest Trees/Conifers, Fruit 
Trees, Roses, &c. 
Thomas Laxton, Seed Grower, Bedford.—Special 
trade offer of choice novelties in Seeds and Roots. 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
November gth , 1891. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
November nth. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices 
s. d 5. d. 
Apples... per £-sieve 10 50 
Cobbs... per 100 lbs. 55 o 37 6 
Grapes.per lb. 06 20 
s. d. s. a. 
Pine apples. 
—St. Michael’s, each 26 80 
Peaches .perdoz. 10 60 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s. d. s. d. 
ArtichokesGlobe doz. 3 o 
Beans, French, perlb. 0 4 
Beet.per dozen 2 o 
Cabbages ... per doz. 1 6 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 6 
Cauliflowers,English, 
per doz. 3 o 
Celery.per bundle 2 6 
Cucumbers .each o 6 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 
Herbs .per bunch 0 2 
6 0 
3 0 
2 6 
6 0 
o 9 
3 o 
o 6 
1 6 
2 o 
o 6 
s. d. s . d. 
Horse Radish, bundle 20 40 
Lettuces ...per dozen 1 o 
Mushrooms, p. basket 1 3 
Onions.per bunch 0 4 
Parsley ... per bunch o 6 
Radishes... per dozen 1 6 
Smallsalading,punnet 0 4 
Spinach, per strike ... 1 6 
Tomatos. per lb. o 6 
Turnips.per bun. 0 6 
Potatos. —Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton; Kent Kidneys, 
80s. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d. j * s. d. s. d. 
Aralia Sieboldi ...doz. 6 0 12 o Evergreens,invar.doz 6 0 24 o 
Bouvardias...per doz. 8 o 12 o Ferns, invar.,per doz. 4 o 18 0 
Chrysanthemums.doz 6 0 12 o 
— large .per doz.12 o 24 o 
Coleus.per doz. 30 60 
Cyperus .per doz. 40120 
Dracaena term., doz. 24 o 36 o 
Dracasnaviridis,doz. 9 o 18 o 
Foliage Plants, doz. 12 o 60 
Heliotrope, per doz. 40 60 
Marguerites, per doz. 6 o 12 0 
Mignonette, per doz. 40 60 
Palms in variety,each 2 6 21 o 
—scarlet.per doz. 40 60 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. 
Acacia or Mimosa 
French per bunch 1 o 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 4 o 
Bouvardias, per bun. o 6 
Carnations, 12 blooms 1 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
doz. blooms 0 9 
Chrysanthemums. 
doz. bunches 3 o 
Eucharis ...per doz. 3 o 
Gardenia? 12 blooms 2 o 
Heliotropes,12 sprays o 3 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 1 o 
Lilac, French, 
per bunch 5 o 
Lilium Harrisii, 
doz. blooms 3 o 
Liliumsvar.,doz.blms. 1 6 
MaidenhairFern,i2bs.4 o 
1 6 
6 o 
9 o 
6 o 
4 o 
o 6 
3 0 
7 o 
6 0 
3 o 
9 o 
. d. s. d. 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 20 40 
Mignonette... 12 bun. 1 6 
Myosotis. .doz. bchs. 3 0 
Parme Violets, 
French, per bun. 3 o 
Dark „ „ „ 10 
Pelargoniums, 12 sps. o 6 
— scarlet.12 bchs. 4 o 
Primula, double, bun. 0 9 
Pyrethrum,doz. bchs. 2 o 
Roses, yellow, dozen 3 o 
— mixed... doz. bchs. 4 o 
— Red.doz. bchs. 60120 
— Saffrano...per doz. 1 o 
— Tea.per dozen 1 0 
3 o 
6 o 
4 o 
2 o 
0 I 
6 o 
1 o 
4 0 
6 o 
6 o 
Stephanotis, dz. spys. 3 o 
1 6 
3 o 
6 o 
Tuberoses, per doz. 04 06 
Violets, English 
per bunch 16 20 
GOJSTTEJMTS. 
PAGE 
Apple, the, and how to 
grow it .162 
Awards at Flower Shows... 161 
Begonia Cannelliana.166 
Buds, protection of.163 
Chrysanthemum Groups ...160 
Chrysanthemum Pres.Rene 
de St. Foix.164 
ChrysanthemumShows,thei59 
Clematises.161 
Diamond Rock Moth.163 
Dimorphic flowers.163 
Dissotis plumosa .166 
Exhibiting, honest.164 
Fruit Culture in Ireland... 160 
Fruit Show, the Great.166 
Gardeners Calendar.168 
PAGE 
Gardeners, unlucky .164 
Gesnera Zebrina .166 
Hardy plants, forcing .165 
London Parks Superinten¬ 
dent .160 
N.C.S. Exhibition .167 
Orchid Notes .168 
Pears, Notes on .166 
Plants by Parcel Post .162 
Plants for Windows .164 
Science Gleanings.163 
Scottish Notes.166 
Societies.168 
Trees and Shrubs .161 
Vegetation living without 
foliage.161 
PATENT HOT WATER APPARATUS 
FOR GREENHOUSES, &c. 
GAS OR OIL, O NLY. 
Call and see them in operation in the best Orchid House in 
London (on our own premises), fitted with our patent Fog 
Annihilator, and prepare for cold and foggy weather. Circulars 
free. Illustrated catalogue of Novelties, three stamps. 
C. TOOPE, F.R.H.S., &, SON, 
STEPNEY SQUARE, HIGH STREET, STEPNEY, E 
MAIRIS & C0.S GHEAP PLANTS 
CLEMATIS.— Jackmanii, Fair Rosamond, Sir G. 
Wolsley, Prince of Wales, LawsoniaDi, and all 
the best large flowering varieties, i/- each, 
ill- per doz. 
ROSES ON OWN ROOTS. —Reine Marie Henrietta, 
Anna Diesbach, Souvenir d’Elise, &c. 12 for 
4/-, 25 for 7/6. 
HARDY CLIMBERS. —Ampelopsis Veitchii, A. 
sempervivens, A. hederacea, Honeysuckles, 
early and late, Jasmines, yellow and white, and 
Clematis Montana. 5d. each, 6 for 2/3, 4/- doz. 
IVIES. —Variegated Silver and Golden, 61 i. each, 
6 for 2/6, 4/- per doz., all different and named. 
Irish Ivies, 3 ft. to 4 ft. high, 2/6 doz. 
AURICULAS.— A most superb strain, 1/6 doz., 
14/- per 100. 
VIOLAS, —Splendid plants, Skylark, Kirkham Mar¬ 
vel, Dargavel Gem, &c, 1/6 per doz., 10/- per 100. 
PRIMROSES. —Choice hybrids, splendid and superb 
strain, 2/6 doz., double white and mauve, 3/6 
doz., Gold laced Polyanthus, 1/6 doz. 
CHOICE GREENHOUSE FERNS. 6 d. each, 4/- doz., 
30 varieties. Tuberous Begonias, 4/- doz. 
Palms, 5/- and S/- doz. Deutzia Gracilis and 
Spiraea, 6 d. each, 4/- doz. Cyclamen, 6 for 2/-. 
Primulas, 6 for 2/-. Mrs. Sinkins, New Pink, 
2/- doz. clumps. 
HARDY PERENNIALS.— Helianthus, Rudbeckias, 
Delphiniums, Phlox, Geums, Double Wall¬ 
flowers, Penstemons, all 2/6 doz., 16/- per 100. 
STANDARD ROSES.— Best Teas, Noisettes and 
Perpetuals, 15/- doz. 
Gratis plants sent with all orders over 5/- to com¬ 
pensate for carriage. All orders over 10/- carriage paid. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, report Red Clovers 
continue in demand at advancing rates. White 
Clover, Alsike, and Trefoil steady. Ryegrasses 
unchanged. 
MAIRIS & CO,, 
WESTON-IN-GORDANO, Nr. BRISTOL. 
In ordering from this advertisement please name 
this paper. 
H ARDY CLIMBERS, strong plants : 2 
Jasmines, 1 Clematis, 2 Honeysuckles, 2 Cotoneasters, 
1 Virginian Creeper, the 8 for 2s. Gd.; any 4 is. 6d., free.—H. 
ENGLISH, Nurserymen, Clevedon. 
H ydrangea dr. hogg.—T his is 
the best. Strong plants for outside or greenhouse cul¬ 
ture, 3 for is. 6d., 4s. per doz.; 6 perennial Sunflowers, 2s. ; 6 
scarlet Geums, is. 9d.. carriage paid —H. ENGLISH, Clevedon 
Nurseries, Clevedon. 
pOR A SUCCESSION of white bloom 
1 through the winter months plant now Roman white Hya¬ 
cinths, 2S. a dozen ; 50 for 7s.; Paper-white Narcissus, is. 6d. 
dozen: 50 for 4s. 6d. Pheasant-eye Narcissus, is. 3d. dozen • 
50 for 4s., carnage paid.—H. ENGLISH, Clevedon Nurseries, 
Clevedon. 
DUTCH FLOWER BULBS, 
MISCELLANEOUS BULBOUS AND 
TUBEROUS ROOTED PLANTS. 
The NEW CATALOGUE (81st year) of these articles (No, 
509) ofE. H. KRELAGE & SON, Nurserymen. Seedsmen, and 
Florists totheCourt, HAARLEM (Holland),has been published 
and will be sent Post Free ar.d without charges to all who apply 
for it by prepaid letter direct to, 
E. H. KRELAGE & SON, Haarlem, Holland. 
JOSHUA LE CORNU & SON’S 
IfDQCY FRUIT TREES 
JLIlOt I and ROSE TREES. 
CARRIAGE PAID. PACKED GRATIS. An immense stock 
of strong, healthy, well-rooted trees. Before ordering, be sure 
to write for our Illustrated Catalogue. 
CORDONS A SPECIALITY. 
Roses Wonderfully Cheap. The finest that money can buy, 
BIGH VIEW NURSERIES, JERSEY. 
FINEST BULBS PROCURABLE 
AT FOLLOWING PRICES. 
Scilla Siberica, 6</. doz., 3s. 100. Snowdrops, double or single, 
6 d. doz., 3s. 100. Aconites, 4A doz., 2s. too. Freesia Ref. Alba, 
is. 61 1. doz., 25 2s. 6 d. Crocus, Blue, White or Purple, is. 3 d. 100. 
Spanish Iris, mixed, 4 d. doz., 2s. 100. Ixias, mixed, 6 cl. doz., 
2s. 6 d. 100. Catalogue post free, contains a select list of 
Hyacinths, Tulips, &c. N.B.—All orders carriage free. 
J. W. WOODWARD, Bulb Importer, 
63, GRENVILLE ROAD, HORNSEY RISE, LONDON, N 
giiritUnra! iScottomf. 
An Illustrated Monthly Magazine of 52 pages and cover. 
Exponent of scientific and high-farming ; advocate of co-opera¬ 
tion in agriculture, in the supply of farm requisites and the sala 
of produce; organ of the Agricultural and Horticultural Associ¬ 
ation, the pioneer society tor mutual supply of pure oilcakes, 
complete manures, reliable seeds and implements on wholesale 
terms. Specimen copy free. Subscription per annum, 5s., 
inclusive of postage. Single Copies 6 d. each, through all 
Newsagents.—3, Agar Street, Strand, London. W.C. 
Zinc Chrysanthemum Cups 
FOR EXHIBITING CUT BLOOMS. 
s. d. 
2-INCH, suitable for incurved . perdoz. 3 6 
2 J ,, ,, „ large incurved and small 
Japanese. perdoz. 4 0 
3 „ „ „ large Japanese ... „ 4 6 
ZINC WATER TUBES . „ 2 3 
FLOWER BOTTLES for large specimens „ 6 6 
IVORY TWEEZERS for dressing blooms ... each 2 6 
BRASS „ „ „ ... „ i 9 
PAINTED STANDS, fitted with 6 cupsand tubes ,, 6 0 
„ „ „ 12 „ „ „ 9 6 
BOXES to carry 12 blooms, fitted with lock ,, 16 0 
„ >, 24 „ „ „ 19 6 
OSMAN & Co., 132, Commercial St., London, E. 
Hornes Tree 
dressing. 
Now Ready for Catching the 
Winter Moths. 
INVALUABLE. 
a. Male. b. Female. 
Write for particulars and price 
W. HORNE, 
PERRY HILL, CL.IFFE, 
Near Rochester. 
STOVES. 
TERRA-COTTA-PORTABLE-FOR COAL. 
Greenhouses heated 24 HOURS for about ONE PENNY 
without attention. ROBERTS’S (IMPROVED) PATENT 
PORTABLE TERRA-COTTA STOVES for COAL give pure 
and ample heat with common coal or coal and coke. For 
GREENHOUSES, BEDROOMS, &c. Pamphlet, drawings, 
and authenticated Testimonials sent. See in use at Patentee's, 
THOMAS ROBERTS, 34, Victoria Street, Westminster, 
