208 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
December 5, 1891. 
enjoyed so few and those of the poorest. 
The various varieties now available seem 
to be so beautiful that it is difficult to 
excel them, and yet we who have faith in 
the advancement of floriculture are bound 
to believe that other and even finer 
varieties will be presently produced. We 
can have Bouvardias in bloom nearly all 
the year round, indeed, quite so if plants 
be but prepared for all seasons. 
A light house and a little gentle warmth 
suffices to keep plants blooming all through 
the winter, for, being hard-wooded, bloom 
of it comes slowly, comes regularly, until 
the plants are finally exhausted. Then a 
hard cutting back, repotting, and stand¬ 
ing in a little heat soon sets them growing 
again and bloom once more succeeds. 
There is no great difficulty in getting the 
plants to produce plenty of young tops for 
cuttings; so treated, and then put into 
bottom heat and under bell glasses, soon 
root and thus a good stock of young plants 
is gained. One charm of the Bouvardia is 
that one section of plants produces sweet- 
scented flowers. Those of the Humboldtii 
strain bear white ones in profusion and 
almost rival the blooms of the Stephanotis 
in purity, beauty, and perfume. 
The scarlet and pink forms of the smaller 
flowered single strain cannot be excelled in 
beauty and in usefulness for the making of 
button-hole flowers or ordinary bouquets. 
The double varieties are hardly less attrac¬ 
tive or serviceable. We can if we like 
trust these Bouvardias—although they 
come from a warm part of the globe—to 
decorate our borders and beds in summer. 
Perhaps we have from the first coddled 
them too much, but anything which pro¬ 
duces useful flowers for market and will 
force fairly well soon becomes so much 
coddled, for that reason, that out-door use¬ 
fulness is often overlooked. We have 
indeed cause to rejoice over the beautiful 
Bouvardias. 
anadian Apple Culture.— As every¬ 
thing relating to Canadian Apples is of 
interest we refer to “the production of a 
recent census of the entire province of 
Ontario—perhaps the largest Apple-grow¬ 
ing area in the world—taken by the 
Ontario Fruit Growers’ Association with 
the object of ascertaining what varieties 
have been found most suitable for general 
cultivation. The number of sorts in each 
case was limited to twelve, and the pro¬ 
vince being divided into thirteen districts, 
each comprising several counties, the 
census return is perhaps the most complete 
of its kind yet obtained. 
Something of a similar nature was 
undertaken in connection with the first 
Apple Congress at Chiswick a few years 
since, but that hardly had the same 
systematic basis the Canadian Census had. 
We contented ourselves with getting re¬ 
turns as to the best dessert and culinary 
sorts without any particular reference to 
market fitness. The Canadians evidently 
place saleable fitness before other con¬ 
siderations, for they grow Apples for 
exportation in the fullest sense. Thus 
their lists ask for twelve varieties only, 
divided into summer, autumn, and winter 
selections. It is worthy of note how 
popular Russian varieties appear to be in 
Canada, doubtless owing to their being 
hardier than our English varieties. Thus 
we find Duchess of Oldenburg—a really 
good early kind here—and Yellow Trans¬ 
parent, both Russian sorts, getting nearly 
all the votes in the summer section. Then 
of autumn ripeners we find another, Em¬ 
peror Alexander, and Gravenstein coming 
at the top of the list with Wealthy, a 
handsome American Apple, now little 
grown here, and Calvert, not much known 
on this side of the water, following; all 
others, some twelve sorts, having but one 
or two votes. 
Then of winter varieties the best six are 
Golden Russet, Ontario, Pewaukee, Ben 
Davis, Hubberdson’s Nonsuch, and Cran¬ 
berry Pippin. Others—including the 
famous Baldwin, our more famous Blen¬ 
heim Pippin, and Rhode Island Greening— 
we find getting very few votes. The pro¬ 
portion of the Russian varieties, as com¬ 
pared with English sorts or even bona fide 
Canadian varieties, selected in the lists is 
remarkable. Only the Duchess of Olden¬ 
burg occupies a high place here, for 
Emperor Alexander with us is but second 
rate, and Gravenstein does indifferently. 
Nursery ar.d Seed Trade Association.—The annual 
general meeting of the members of this association 
will be held at 25, Old Jewry, E.C., on Tuesday next, 
at 6 p.m. The annual dinner will take place at the 
Guildhall Tavern, Gresham Street, E.C., an hour 
later. 
The Birmingham and Midland Counties'Chrysan¬ 
themum and Fruit Show of next year is announced to 
be held on November 9th and 10th. 
The Edinburgh Chrysanthemum Show. —We under¬ 
stand that close upon /900 was taken at the doors 
during the three days this exhibition was open, 
which sum it is expected will be increased to nearly 
£1000 when it becomes known how much has been 
realised by the sale of tickets. Last year the total 
income from all sources was about /50 below the 
four figures. 
Ealing and District Gardeners’ Mutual Improvement 
Association.— At the usual weekly meeting on the 
24th ult., Mr. R. Dean read a paper entitled 
“ Parables from the garden,” and on the istinst , the 
Rev. Dr. Oliver gave a lecture on the “ Life History 
of Columbus,” and has offered prizes for the best 
reports of his lecture written by members of the 
Society. 
Preston and Fulwood Floral and Horticultural 
Society. —At the meeting of the members of this 
Society to be held this(Saturday)evening,December 5, 
Mr. George Blench, gardener, Prospect Cottage, 
Broughton, will read a paper on two useful winter¬ 
flowering plants, viz., Euphorbia Jacquiniaeflora 
and Poinsettia pulcherrima, with notes on their cul¬ 
ture. Chair to be taken at 7.30. 
Death of Mr. Franz Kramer. —We hear of the death, 
on the 22nd of November, of Mr. Franz Kramer, 
head gardener to Herr Legationsrath Rucker-Jenisch, 
of Flottbeck, Hamburg. Mr. Kramer had for about 
thirty years charge of one of the most renowned 
continental Orchid collections, that of the late 
Senator Jenisch. He was well known in English 
horticultural circles and generally esteemed both for 
his character and abilities as a gardener. The 
situation having been held by his family for several 
generations, is likely to be filled by his eldest son. 
Preservation of Wood. —Here is a curious example 
of the preservation of wood by salt solutions, says 
L'Illustration Horticole : —In the salt mines of Hallein, 
in Austria, there exists woodwork the establishment 
of which goes back, in certain parts, to the first time 
of the exploitation of the mines, that is to say, to an 
epoch anterior to the Christian era. In spite of the 
nineteen centuries which they have seen to pass 
away, these woods remain absolutely intact. 
Reading and District Gardeners’ Society. —On Nov. 
23, Mr. Richard Dean, of Ealing, gave a paper on 
Aromatic Garden Herbs, their history, uses, and 
culture. There was a large attendance of members, 
and the subject proved a very interesting and in¬ 
structive one, and brought before the gardeners 
present a department of the kitchen garden not 
nearly so much appreciated as it was some years 
ago, viz., the Herbary. A hearty vote of thanks 
was passed to Mr. Dean for his paper. 
Gardeners’ Orphan Fund. —At the usual monthly 
meeting of the Executive Committee, held on the 
27th ult., the Honorary Secretary announced the 
receipt during the month of the following amounts : 
—Mr. Matthew Todd, Edinburgh, by sale of fruit, 
£i 7s.; Mr. W. Bates, Twickenham, money-box 
collection, £1 5s.; Mr. W. Bryant, Rugby, from sale 
of flowers at the Rugby Chrysanthemum Show, 
£6 4s.; Mr. F. Miller, Margate, collecting box, 
5s. rod.; Woolton Gardeners' Improvement Society, 
from sale of flowers and fruit, £10 2s. It was 
unanimously resolved that the annual general meet¬ 
ing should be held on Friday, February' 5, 1892, 
when an election of eleven children to the benefits 
of the fund will also take place. The applications 
of candidates to be placed on the election list must - 
be forwarded to Mr. Barron before December 18. 
Degeneration of the Varieties of Fruit Trees. —As 
related by L’Illustration Horticole, the question of the 
degeneration, apparent or real, of the varieties of 
fruit trees of greater or less antiquity has been re¬ 
mitted, according to the order of the day, to the care 
of the Pomological Society of France. Wholly con¬ 
founding the species of fruit trees with their varie¬ 
ties, M. L. de la Bastie, the president of the Society, 
thinks that, if one admits that the decrepitude of the 
species of fruit trees is due to the modes of multiplica¬ 
tion—such as grafting, cuttings, or slips—there must 
be admitted also the degeneration of the same order 
for all the species of trees, shrubs, and plants 
multiplied by the same procedure. As to that, the 
old age established for certain varieties ought to be 
attributed to the unfortunate choice of grafts taken 
without discernment from already diseased trees. 
We admit with him that grafts of cankered trees 
give in their [turn trees which, in spite of all care, 
are affected with canker in a few years. All or 
almost all depends then upon the choice of grafts, 
and one cannot sufficiently recommend to arboricul¬ 
turists to employ only grafts which are quite sound 
and well formed, taken exclusively from vigorous 
trees not offering any indication of the malady. 
Arborescent Chrysanthemums. —For a long time 
past the Chinese horticulturists obtained arbores¬ 
cent Chrysanthemums in proceeding by quite a 
different method from the Europeans, as stated by 
L'Illustration Horticole. The Europeans restricted 
their plants to a single stem, then pruned the latter 
successively so as to cause it to elongate as much as 
possible. The Chinese graft the branches upon the 
stems of a species of Artemisia. The latter plant is 
put in a pot and grown to a yard in height; upon 
the base of the shoots they graft branches of Chry¬ 
santhemums, which take very well and promptly 
cover themselves with flowers. The stock dies as 
soon as the flowering of the Chrysanthemums is 
past. The Artemisia serves two purposes—the 
stems cut and dried, are employed, the largest ones 
for burning, and the others, both branches and in¬ 
florescence, are interwoven coarsely into tresses and 
burned slowly in apartments to drive away 
mosquitos. 
ROSE TREE PLANTING. 
This is the best month for planting Rose trees in 
the open borders, or beds. Holes about eighteen 
inches in diameter and eighteen inches deep should 
be made for their reception, but, before planting, an 
ordinary bucket-full of old horse or cow manure, the 
latter preferred, should be put into each hole, mixing 
same well with the soil at the bottom of the holes ; 
this will reduce the depth to about seven inches. 
When the holes are thus prepared the first dry day 
should be taken advantage of for planting, that is 
assuming that your plants have arrived from the 
grower, and have been put into the ground by their 
“ heels ” in readiness. Prior to planting, the roots 
should be examined and any portion over long should 
be shortened. 
Special care should also be taken in cutting off, 
quite closely to the stock, any sucker that may be 
observed shooting either from the Briar or the 
Manetti stocks; this being done, the root of the 
plant should be spread out on the top of the pre¬ 
pared soil, and covered with the soil first taken out 
of the hole, which should be well trodden down. If 
the dwarf plants are properly budded, or grafted, the 
budded or grafted parts will be several inches below 
the surface of the soil when the planting is completed, 
and this is essentially necessary, because new roots 
will be formed from the wood of the Rose, which will 
afford the plant extra strength. 
In case of standards, or half standards, being 
planted, each plant should be well secured with a 
strong stake, to which it should be tied with some 
thick string, so as to prevent the roots from being 
disturbed by the wind. 
The plants will require no further attention until 
March, when they should be pruned with a sharp 
