January 9, 1892. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
297 
WHAT TO DO IN THE GARDEN. 
Temperature in the Stove.— Under favour¬ 
able conditions the night temperature in the stove 
should stand at 6o°. During weather such as pre¬ 
vailed at Christmas and some days previous to it, 
there are several reasons why it should be allowed 
to drop below that standard. Plants suffer from 
the aridity of an atmosphere caused by hard firing 
to keep up the temperature; and in the neighbor¬ 
hood of London and other large towns, where the 
great consumption of coal gives rise to smoky fogs, 
the occupants of structures where a high tempera¬ 
ture is maintained suffer more from the effects of the 
impure atmosphere than those in cool houses. 
Sooty Glass. —The filth deposited upon the glass 
during the recent fog is such that it greatly obstructs 
the light which the plants ought now to enjoy. The 
garden engine ought to be brought into requisition, 
and, after thoroughly wetting the glass outside, the 
latter should be thoroughly rubbed with a mop or 
hair brush to loosen the sooty deposit. A good 
washing from the garden engine will do the rest. 
Evergreen Ferns. —In the precautions taken to 
prevent any undue amount of moisture in houses 
where Evergreen Ferns are kept, the fact must not 
be overlooked that those subjects require a con¬ 
siderable amount of water even in winter to keep 
them in health. If allowed to get dry the older 
fronds soon get brown and shabby, which would 
detract considerably from their general appearance. 
Trees Ferns always require close attention in this 
respect, and when the stems are covered with an 
interlacing mass of fibres, they should occasionally 
be well wetted. 
Heaths. —Keep a constant watch upon these to 
prevent the inroad of mildew, which would soon play 
havoc with the foliage during mild weather. On the 
first appearance of the malady the plants should be 
well dusted with sulphur, which will check the 
spread of the disease. 
Unheated Pits and Frames.— Ventilation must 
be freely given on all favourable occasions, not 
merely tilting up the lights, but drawing them right 
off during dry mild weather, to keep the plants 
hardy. All damping leaves should be removed to 
prevent further decay if possible. This applies more 
especially to such soft-wooded subjects as Auriculas, 
Himalayan Primulas, Pentstemons and others. 
Vines. —When the bunches in the early house can 
be well seen, the weaker shoots should be disbudded, 
and the others tied down by degrees as they attain 
sufficient length. Syringe early in theafternoon, and 
maintain an equable temperature and growiug at¬ 
mosphere. It must not be concluded from this that 
a high temperature is to be maintained unless it 
arises from bright sunshine during the day, 
About 58° wall be quite sufficient on cold nights, and 
60° when mild and open. Get another house ready 
for closing where a large supply of Grapes is required. 
Peaches. —Syringe the trees morning and after¬ 
noon till they come into bloom, after which the at¬ 
mosphere should be kept drier till the young fruits 
are set. A good syringing to wash off the withered 
blossoms will then prove beneficial. A night tem¬ 
perature of 50° will be quite sufficient for the present, 
giving a rise by day and more from sunheat, with 
ventilation to induce a circulation of air and cause 
the flowers to set more freely. Tap the stems to 
distribute the pollen, or use some other of the several 
means employed to effect that purpose. 
Cucumbers. —From now till the days get longer 
and warmer the maintenance of a continuous supply 
of fruit from one set of plants will be found a difficult 
task, unless the gardener has healthy robust plants, 
and the sky during the remaining portion of winter 
remains tolerably clear, Remove all fruits as soon 
as they are fit for use and thin out the small ones, 
provided they are too crowded for the plants to 
bring to perfection. Sow seeds for the spring and 
early summer fruiting batch of plants, using 3-in. pots, 
in which the seeds should be sown singly so as to 
avoid disturbing the roots when a larger shift . is 
given. 
Forcing Pits. —It will prove highly advantageous 
during the prevalence of mild weather to admit a 
free supply of air during the day to pits containing 
Potatos, Radishes, Carrots, and similar subjects now- 
being forced for an early supply. Introduce fresh 
batches of Rhubaib, Sea Kale, and Asparugus, to 
take the place of those getting exhausted. Where 
large supplies are required fresh batches will have to 
be placed in heat every two or three weeks. 
Questions sod answers. 
Buckbeans, etc .—Flos : There is no reason for 
supposing that Buckbeans (Menyanthes trifoliata) re¬ 
quire very hot weather to cause the expansion of the 
flowers, for the plant does best in cool situations 
with its roots in water, and thrives best in the far 
north or in boggy places in hilly districts, according 
to our experience. On boggy spots on the north 
aspect of the Grampian range of mountains we have 
seen it thriving luxuriantly and flowering most pro¬ 
fusely. In the south, on the contrary, it requires 
plenty of water, and does not flower very freely 
while seeds are seldom produced. It seeds freely in 
the north. The trees that thrive best in this country 
in hot weather are those which come from compara¬ 
tively warmer countries than ours, and require an 
unusually warm summer- to attain their highest 
development. Some of these are the Tree of Heaven 
(Ailanthus glandulosa), also Catalpa syringasfolia, 
and some others which fruit only in exceptionally 
fine seasons. 1 he same effect of a fine season is 
also well seen in our fruit trees. Besides heat, how¬ 
ever, there is the question of moisture, and if trees 
of most kinds are starved for want of moisture great 
heat will have the effect of restricting their growth. 
Now this applies to trees which suffer during hot 
seasons. Lime trees show the effects of a hot sum¬ 
mer sooner than anything. It might be expected 
that Poplars and Willows would soon show the 
effects of heat, but as they naturally grow or are 
planted in damp places they do not show the effects 
of heat. The Horse chestnut perhaps comes next to 
the Lime in suffering from hot weather. In a word 
it may be said that it is merely a question of mois¬ 
ture, and provided that is plentiful there are no trees 
in this country which will show any evil effects from 
all the heat we get in Britain. 
Willow emitting Balm .—Flos wishes to know if 
there is any kind of Willow which emits a balm in 
very hot weather. If anything of the kind has come 
under the notice of the readers of the Gardening 
World, an answer would be duly appreciated. 
Sport from Chrysanthemum Lady Selborne. 
—J Bryson : The flower you sent us seems distinct 
enough to constitute a distinct variety, provided it is 
constant. It might, however, be better earlier in 
the season as you say the first flowers were so. The 
bloom sent us was too open in the centre showing 
green and yellow florets, which militate greatly 
against it and spoil its purity. You might give it 
another trial to see whether the defect mentioned 
can be overcome, at least when it first comes into 
flower. 
Peach Stock. — Guernsey : Peaches are usually 
budded, only sometimes grafted, on the Muscle Plum, 
this being considered the best stock for our climate’ 
Names of Plants.— F. M. : 1, Selaginella unci- 
nata , 2, Paullinia thalictrifolia.— M. J. : Sparmannia 
africana; 2, Jacobinia carnea ; [3, Scutellaria moc- 
ciniana.— H. IV.: 1, Erica carnea; 2, Arabis 
procurrens; 3, Jasminum nudiflorum ; 4, Thuya 
gigantea; 5, Cupressus nutkaensis.— G. B. : 1, 
Cypripedium insigne Maulei; 2, C. i. punctatuni 
violaceum ; 3, Dendrobium bigibbum.— Amateur: 1, 
Polystichum angulare var.; 2, Polypodium vulgare ; 3! 
Curculigo recurvata (it is not a Palm). Cultural 
details next week. 
Exchanging at the Term .—Allie Gharnolar: 
We do not think it would serve any useful purpose 
to publish your suggestion, against which there are 
serious objections, the principal one of which we 
should consider its inquisitorial character, 
Rhododendron dahuricum hardy.— F. Miller : 
The plant is perfectly hardy, so that you need have 
no anxiety on that point. When we get a mild 
autumn, such as the past one, this Rhododendron is 
very liable to come into bloom, or partly so, and 
when the weather gets mild in spring the rest of the 
flowers will open almost before those of any other. 
The type, as a rule, loses its leaves in autumn, but 
the varieiy R. d. sempervirens retains them or partly 
so. Here again you need not trouble about protec¬ 
tion for the plants, as they will stand the winter 
easily and renew their growth in spring. 
Bedding Violas.— M. J. L. : The first of these 
were derived from Viola cornuta and V. tricolor lutea, 
as improvements of those types. The progeny has 
since been hybridised with the bedding Pansies which 
originated from V. tricolor. Within recent times all 
the kinds suitable for bedding purposes, owing to 
their coutinuous free flowering habit, have been in¬ 
tercrossed to such an extent as to make it difficult to 
say from what species they originally sprung. This 
can only be guessed at from the habit of the plant 
and the . form of the flowers. Then as the yellows 
originated from a form of the Pansy namely, V. tri¬ 
color lutea it follows that many of them are so closely 
allied as to be inseparable botanically. 
Communications Received.—K. & S.—E. L. F. 
—Omega—E. B.—J. P.—W. N.—F. D.—D M — 
E. C.—T. W.—J. D.—J. W.—R. D. 
rc ♦ p _ 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
January 5th, 1892. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, report a further advance 
of 3s. per cwt. in foreign Red Clovers. Trefoil, 
White Clover, and Alsike steady, with a moderate 
enquiry. Rape seed dearer. 
COVENT 
GARDEN 
January 6th. 
market. 
Fruit. — Average Wholesale Prices 
s. d s. d. 
Apples... per §-sieve i o 50 
Canadian and Nova 
Scotian Apples 
per barrel 12 0 18 o 
Cobbe... per 100 lbs. 30 0 35 o 
s. d. 
o 6 
Grapes.per lb. 
Pine apples. 
— St. Michael’s, each 2 6 
Peaches .perdoz. 0 0 
s.ct. 
2 r, 
6 o 
0 o 
Vegetables—Average Retail Prices. 
d. s. d. 
ArtichokesGIobedoz. 30 60 
Beans, French, perlb. 0 9 
Beet.per dozen 20 30 
Cabbages ... per doz. 16 26 
Cairots ...per bunch o 6 
Cauliflowers, English, 
per doz. 30 60 
Celery.per bundle 2 6 
Cucumbers .each 06 13 
Endive, French, doz. 26 30 
Herb- .per bunch 02 06 
Pota ros.—Kent Regents, 80s. 
80s 
Horse Radish, bundled o *4^0 
Lettuces ...per dozen i o 
Mushrooms, p. basket i 3 
Gnions.per bunch o 4 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 6 
Radishes... per dozen 1 6 
Smallsalading,punnet o 4 
Seakale ...per basket 2 o 
Spinach, per strike... 1 6 
Tomatos. per lb. o 6 i o 
Turnips.per bun. o 6 
to ioos. per ton; Kent Kidneys, 
.namrumiR -- * ' 
1 6 
2 o 
0 6 
3 o 
IV 1005 . per ton; Kent ] 
to ioos. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Plants in Pots.—Averaoe 
s. d. s. d. 
Bouvardias...per doz. 8 o 12 o 
Chrysanthemums,doz 6 o 12 o 
— large .per doz.12 o 24 0 
Cyperus .perdoz. 4 o 12 o 
Dractena term., doz. 24 o 36 o 
Dracmnaviridis.doz. 9 0 18 o 
Epiphvllum per doz. 9 o 12 0 
Erica Hymalis, per 12 o 18 o 
— gracilis, per doz. 9 o 12 o 
Evergreens,invar.doz 6 0 24 o 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 4 0 18 o 
Foliage Plants, doz. 12 0 60 0 
Wholesale Prices. 
, s. d. s. d. 
Hyacinths,...per doz. 6090 
Marguerites, perdoz. 6 o 12 o 
Palms in variety,each 2 6 21 0 
—scarlet.per doz. 40 60 
Poinsettia, ...per doz. 9 0 180 
Primula Linensis per 
doz. 40 60 
Roman Hyacinths, per 
doz. 9 o 12 o 
bolanums...per doz. 9 o 12 o 
Tulips.perdoz. 80 90 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d 
1 6 
9 0 
1 0 
3 0 
Acacia or Mimosa 
French per bunch 1 c 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 6 o 
Bouvardias, per bun. o 6 
Carnations, 12 blooms 2 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
doz. blooms 09 2 
Chrysanthemums, 
doz. bunches 4 o 12 
Enchant ...per doz. 408 
Gardenias 12 blooms 4 0 
Hellebore or Christmas 
Roses, doz. blooms o 6 
Heliotropes,12 sprays o 3 
Hyacinths, Roman, 
doz. sprays 6 
Lilac, French, 
per bunch 6 0 
Lilium Harrisii, 
doz. blooms 6 o 10 o 
Liliumsvar.,doz.blms. 1630 
MaidenhairFern,i2bs. 4 090 
6 0 
1 6 
0 6 
0 9 
7 0 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 2 
Mignonette... 12 bun. 1 
Narciss, Paper White 
, doz. sprays 1 
Narciss, French, 
doz. bunches 4 
Parme Violets, 
Pelargoniums, 12 sps. 1 
— scarlet.12 bchs. 5 
Poinsettia. doz. blms. 4 
Primula, double, bun. 0 
Primula single, doz. 
blooms 4 
French, per bun. 3 
Dark „ „ „ 2 
Roses, yellow, dozen 3 
— Red.doz. blms. 1 
Saffrano...per doz. 2 
Tea.per dozen 1 
Tuberoses, per doz. 1 
Violets, English 
per bunch 1 
d. s. d. 
040 
6 30 
016 
080 
016 
090 
090 
9 1 6 
0 6 0 
646 
026 
060 
6 20 
030 
030 
016 
6 20 
OOITTEITTS. 
PAGE 
American nursery trade ...295 
Calceolaria Burbidgei .296 
Cabasetum saccatum.296 
Chrysanthemum Notes.205 
Chrysanthemums, on.294 
Ccelogyne Gardneriana.296 
Crab, John Downie.296 
Deutzia gracilis .291 
Floriculture 
.294 
Gardeners’ Calendar.297 
Horticulture.290 
Lachenalia pendula .296 
Luculia pinceana. 2 y6 
Market Gardeners' Associa¬ 
te 011 . 287 
....295 
Mushroom culture 
... page. 
Orchid Growers' Calendar 29S 
Peas, seed .289 
Plants and the fog .290 
Platyclinis Cobbiana .296 
Potatoes, early v. late 
planting .289 
Royal Horticultural Society288 
Streptocarpus hybrids .293 
Technical Education .288 
Trees and Shrubs .289 
Truffles, French .292 
Vegetable garden, the.292 
Villa gardening.291 
Vriesia leodiensis .289 
Window Plants .292 
Winter work.288 
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