July 23, 1892. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
745 
Cucumber Houses. —The present is a good time 
for getting the house in good order for the cultiva¬ 
tion of Cucumbers in winter. This can the more 
readily be done at present, when a plentiful supply 
can be obtained from cold frames heated in the early 
part of the year by fermenting manure. Thoroughly 
clean out the house or houses, removing plants and 
soil alike. Then wash down the woodwork and 
glass, whitewash the brickwork with hot lime, and 
paint all the woodwork, keeping the ventilators open 
so as to sweeten the interior. They may remain 
empty for some weeks or be filled with zonal 
Pelargoniums or such things as will not be likely 
to import insects that would be prejudicial to the 
Cucumbers, till the time arrives for making up the 
beds. 
Melons.— A late batch may now be planted to 
come into use in autumn. The plants intended for 
this purpose should be strong and ready to plant out 
of pots at once. Where a succession is desired the 
plants should of course be of different ages and 
planted at intervals accordingly along the two sides 
of a span-rocfed house which gives the best results 
during the waning light of autumn. Lean-to houses 
are of course serviceable for very late as well as 
very early crops, because the heat can more easily 
be conserved when so protected by a brick wall 
affording shelter from the north. 
Open-air Ferneries. —The access of heavy rains 
has proved very beneficial in the south, and if any¬ 
thing like general will have done much to repair the 
effects of drought during the month of June. 
Watering in such cases will therefore be unnecessary, 
and the Ferns should soon be at their best. It will 
be advantageous to go over the whole to pull out 
the weeds, also the common Bracken where it is 
coming up to the injury of other kinds. See also 
that the smaller ones are not being injuriously over¬ 
hung by the larger kinds, otherwise they will give a 
poor account of themselves next year if they appear 
at all. 
Winter Onions. —The ground for this useful crop 
must be prepared at once by deep trenching and 
heavy manuring with good well-fermented cow 
manure where it can be obtained. A piece of ground 
should be selected that has grown an entirely 
different kind of crop, such as Cabbages, Peas, or 
Potatos. Furthermore, it should be in a well- 
exposed position, uninfluenced by overhanging trees 
or other objects that would shade the ground 
prejudicially and affect the vigour of the Onions. 
After trenching the ground should be well trodden, 
dusted with soot, then raked level and the lines 
drawn out for sowing the seeds about the beginning 
of the fourth week of this month. 
Vegetable Seeds. —Seeds of the most useful 
kinds of Cabbage for early spring use may be sown 
about the end of this month. Ellam's Early and 
Earliest of All are amongst the best for the first 
supply in spring. Early York, the dwarf variety, 
Early Etampes, St. John's Day, and Enfield Market 
are good useful kinds, and preference should be given 
to them for winter work Lettuce of various kinds, as 
well as Endive, may be sown for autumn and early 
winter use. A sowing of French Beans may be 
made on the chance of having a sufficiently mild 
autumn to bring them to a size fit for use. 
--j..- 
Questions add An$ujGR&. 
*,* Correspondents are requested, in order to avoid delay, 
to address all communications to “The Editor" 
or “ The Publisher,” and not to any person bv 
name, unless the correspondence is of a private 
character. Telegrams may be addressed “ Bambusa, 
London 
Strawberries not flowering.— G. E. G. : If 
you make a plantation of runners lifted from the 
open ground, we should advise you to do it about the 
end of this month, or failing that, do it as early in 
August as possible, so that the plants may have time 
to form and ripen their crowns before winter. If the 
runners are layered in pots, next month will be early 
enough to plant them. When selecting runners for 
a plantation, be sure you take them from plants that 
have flowered and fruited, because it seems that 
certain individuals are inclined to be barren, and if a 
large number of runners is taken from the latter, the 
chances are that your young plantation will be com¬ 
paratively fruitless. Plants that are not hampered 
by the production and ripening of fruit generally 
produce a great number of good runners. 
Red Briony. — M. : The flowers you sent us were 
all off the male plant, consequently you cannot 
expect it to produce berries. We are not aware that 
any nurseryman grows the plant for sale ; it is 
generally too easily obtained from the hedgerows in 
districts where it grows, and we would advise you to 
get it from the same place Examine the hedgerows 
a little later on when the plants are in fruit, and trace 
the stems until you come to a tuber of a berry bearing 
plant, then mark this tuber and dig it up in autumn 
or spring, transferring it to the garden. 
Winter Lettuce.— Omega : We understand that 
what you want is Lettuce to be fit for use late in 
autumn and early in winter. If so you may sow at 
once some of the hardier sorts of Cos Lettuce, such a 
Brown Cos or Green Paris Cos. Or on the o her 
hand Hammersmith Hardy Green Cabbage Lettuce. 
If your intention is to keep the plantsthrough the winter 
for early spring use, then make a sowing about the 
middle of August, and again about a month later. 
When the seedlings attain sufficient size, plant them 
out in some sheltered position, such as the foot of a 
south or west aspect wall. Snowball Turnip is almost 
universally grown about London for kitchen use, 
and is the only Turnip grown for market by the mar¬ 
ket growers. It is pretty well known amongst 
private gardeners, however, that the Golden Ball 
Turnip is of better quality than the white kinds and 
is even more hardy. Chirk Castle Black Stone is a 
very hardy kind, but you might not like it so well as 
the above. Sow at once ; about the middle of July 
is the best time in the south, and for the north the 
beginning of July is best. 
Names of Plants. — Eller green : i, Begonia 
weltoniensis ; 2, Nephrolepis exaltata ; 3, Cystopteris 
fragilis; 4, Santolina Chamaecyparissus incana; 
5, Sidalcea malvaeflora; 6, Doronicum Pardalianches ; 
7. Lamium maculatum.— Omega : 1. Field Resthar- 
row (Ononis arvensis); 2, Yellow Bedstraw (Galium 
verum) ; 3, Spanish or Sweet Chestnut (Castanea 
sativa).— Levenshulme : The climber with brown 
flowers was Periploca graeca; the other Gilia 
capitata.— H. IP.: 1, Asplenium (Athyrium) Filixfoe- 
minum; 2, Pteris tremula; 3, Scolopendrium 
vulgare cristatum ; 4, Nephrodium molle ; 5, Pteris 
cretica alba-lineata ; 6, Adiantum hispidulum ; 7, 
appears to be a Eupatorium, please send when in 
flower ; 8, Diefenbachia Bausei to all appearance. 
Begonias.— IV. H . G. : Don’t pick any more 
flowers off. but let all come away that will, and then 
remove the oldest flowers about a fortnight before 
the show. There is not much gained by continually 
picking off the buds, because the stems will continue 
to produce flowers as long as they keep growing. 
For a September show we should start the tubers as 
late as possible, and keep the plants as cool as possi¬ 
ble and near to the glass. Don't forget that the 
Begonia loves liquid manure in moderation. 
Caper Spurge.— A. H. : The specimens sent 
were those of Euphorbia Lathyris, the fruits of which 
are used for pickling to make Caper sauce. The 
bulk of the fruits on the specimens sent were too far 
advanced for the purpose. In fact, many of them 
were approaching a state of maturity, and in thrt 
condition would be of little use, because the interior 
portion of the seed vessel gets woody and could not 
be eaten. Generally speaking, we should say that 
the fruits should be gathered when half grown and 
still quite soft. The gathering must therefore be 
effected at different times as the fruits attain the 
proper size. Of their present commercial value we 
cannot say much, but as the plants fruit more freely 
than the real Caper plant in Europe we fancy they 
would frequently be used for the purpose of adulte¬ 
ration even if not sold by themselves. We have no 
evidence that the plant is put to any other purpose 
than those above mentioned, but we have little doubt 
that the fruits are poisonous to a certain extent, as 
are all those of the other Euphorbias, and if eaten in 
any quantity cannot be otherwise than deleterious 
and injurious to health. 
Everlasting Pea.— H. Gibb : Being a perennial 
and moreover of slow growth, you cannot expect 
your seedlings to flower the first year, nor very 
much the second year unless you have sown them in 
fairly good soil so that they may get thoroughly 
established by the end of the season, and have made 
good crowns. In each succeeding year, however, 
the amount of growth they will make and the 
quantity of flowers they will produce will astonish 
you. You have done right in sowing the seeds in 
the place where you wish the plants to remain, as 
they thereby get the sooner established. They 
could not be expected to give great satisfaction till 
they have got thoroughly established, that is, deeply 
rooted in the soil. 
Strawberry Runners.— G. Eason : Generally 
speaking the first runner developed by a plant is the 
strongest and therefore the best either for making a 
new plantation or for fruiting in pots. There are 
some varieties of Strawberries which seem to devote 
their whole energies, or mostly so, to the production 
of runners, and instead of producing a strong young 
plant at the first joint, they develop a weakly one or 
none at all, and sending out several branches from the 
primary one develop young plants at their tips. The 
first good plantlet that makes its appearance should 
be selected, cutting away all runners that are pro¬ 
duced beyond it. This may further be encouraged 
by putting the roots in a small pot sunk in the ground 
and filled with a rich compost. No check will be 
given the plants in repotting or transferring them to 
another piece of ground to make a fresh plantation. 
Young Cauliflower Gnawed — Puzzl d One : 
The case you state often results from the work of 
fleshy-lnoking or stout-bodied brown caterpillars or 
grubs that rest by day just under the surface of the 
soil and close to their food plants. They are the 
larvae of some or other of the species of Heart and 
Dart Moths (Agriotis), which often infest gardens as 
well as fields and cut ihrough the roots or the stems 
of plants just under or upon the surface of the soil. 
By a little patient searching of the soil just round 
the necks of the plants, you may generally detect the 
depredators, and the remedy is then in your hands. 
Communications Received.—W. K—II. T.— 
J 9 9 ^ • — J- —S. C — A. H. (your communi¬ 
cation is not authenticated with your name and 
address, and cannot therefore be published.)—G B 
—H. J. V. H — M. T.—G. W. C. 
-•*- 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Thomas Methven & Sons, 15, Princes Street, 
Edinburgh.—Dutch and other Spring-flowering 
Bulbs and Roots. 
E. H. Krelags & Son, Haarlem, Holland.—List 
of Darwin Tulips. 
-- 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
July lQth, 1892. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, report larger supplies of 
new English Trifolium incarnatum. Owing to high 
prices dealers decline to operate. New German 
White Clover is being offered ; samples are bright in 
colour, but weedy. Mustard and Rape steady. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
July 20til. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices 
s. d s. d. 
Black Ci’rrants \ sve 50 53 
Red Currants sve. 30 40 
Cherries .J sve. 30 46 
Grapes. per lb. 1 o 
Peaches... per dozen^2 o 10 o 
Mel 11s.each 16 29 
Pine apples. 
— St. Michael’s, each 26 60 
Strawberries per lb. o 3 09 
Tasmanian Apples 
per case... 26 50 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s. d. s. d. 
ArtichokesGlobe doz. 30 60 
Beans, French, perlb. 16 20 
Beet.per dozen 20 30 
Cabbages ... per doz. 16 26 
Carrots ... per bunch o 6 
Cauliflowers, Eng.dz. 30 60 
Celery.per bundle 2 6 
Cucumbers .each 06 10 
Endive. French, doz. 26 30 
Herbs .per bunch 02 06 
s. d. s. d 
Horse Radish, bundle 20 40 
Lettuces ...per dozen 16 20 
Mushrooms, p. basket 13 20 
Onions.per bunch 04 06 
Parsley ... per bunch o 6 
Radishes... per dozen 1 6 
Sinallsalading,punnet o 4 
Spinach, per strike ...16 
Tomatos. per lb. o 9 13 
Turnips.per bun. o 6 
Potato— Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton ; Kent Kidneys 
80s. to ioos. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. S. d. 
Arum Lilies, per doz. 60 9 0 
Begonias ...per doz. 6 o 12 o 
Crassula ...per doz. 12 o 24 o 
Cyperus .per doz. 4 o 12 o 
Dracasna term., doz. 24 o 36 o 
Dracasna viridis,doz. 9 o 18 o 
Evergreens,invar.doz 6 o 24 o 
Ferns, invar..per doz. 4 o 18 o 
Ferns, small, per 100 8 o 12 o 
Foliage Plants, doz. 12 o 60 o 
Fuchsia,.per doz 30 80 
Heliotrope, per doz. 40 60 
s. d. s. d 
Ivy Pelargoniums, per 
doz. pots 40 60 
Lilium Harrisii.doz. 12 o 24 o 
Lobelia, .per doz. 2640 
Marguerites, perdoz. 6 o 12 o 
Mignonette, per doz. 40 60 
Musk,.per doz. 20 40 
Palms in variety,each 2 6 10 o 
Palms, Specimen ... 15 0 63 o 
Pelargoniums,perdoz. 6 0 12 o 
—scarlet.per doz. 30 60 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 20 40 
Bouvardias, per bun. 06 10 
Carnations, 12 blooms 10 30 
Carnations, doz. bun. 40 60 
Cornflower doz bnchs 16 30 
Eucharis ...per doz. 20 40 
Gardenias 12 blooms 16 40 
—.doz. spikes 16 30 
Giadioli...doz. buns. 60120 
Heliotroipes,2 sprays 03 06 
Lilium Cand.dum, 
doz. bun. 12 o 2-j o 
Lilium Harrisii, 
doz. blooms 20 40 
Liliums var., dz.blms. 06 16 
MaidennairFern,i2bs.4 060 
Margue: ites, 12 bun. 20 4 c 
Myosotis or Forget- 
me-not, doz. bnchs. 20 40 
Mignonette... 12 bun. 16 4 c 
Moss Roses, dz bchs 6 o 12 o 
Pelargoniums, 12 sps. 06 09 
— scarlet.12 bchs. 30 40 
Primula, double, bun. 06 09 
Pinks.doz. buns. 20 40 
Pansies, doz. bchs ...10 20 
Pyrethrum doz bnchs 20 40 
Oi chid Bloom in var. 
per bloom, from 02 08 
Roses, doz bunches 20 60 
Roses, yellow, dczen 20 40 
— Red.doz. blms. 10 20 
— Saffrano...per doz. 10 10 
— Tea.per dozen 06 20 
Spira2as...doz. bnchs 40 6 6 
Stephanotis, dz. sps. 10 20 
Stocks.doz. bun. 30 60 
Sweet Peas, dz. bns. 2040 
Sweet Sultan, dz. bn. 20 40 
Tuberoses, per doz 04 06 
OOInTTEUSTTS. 
PAGE 
Annuals, a border of .742 
Apiary, the.746 | 
Bean, multum in parvo.743 
Begonias in America. y 
Bexley Flower Show.740 
Bouillie Bordelaise .736 
Calopogon pulchellus .746 
Chicago Exhibition .740 
Chrysanthemums in N.S AV737 
Cypripedium Stonei can- 
didum .746 
Dianthus Atkinsoni .743 
Election flowers.735 
Epidendrum tampense.746 
Floriculture .7^0 
Fruit crops, the .739 
Gardener s Calendar.746 
Gardener’s grievances .7 9 
PAGE. 
Gardener’s holiday, a .738 
Halsteid Place.740 
Herbaceous Border, The ...7,2 
Miltonia Vexillaria.746 
Nemesia Versicolor .743 
Orchids for Amateurs.736 
Orchid Notes.746 
Phalcenopsis Ariemis.746 
Pinks at Wolverhampton ...740 
Plants, New and Rare.737 
Rosa Moschata.743 
Scottish Notes.743 
Spraying by horse power ...746 
Statices and Dipladenias ...743 
Strawbenies, on .742 
Vegetable Garden .743 
Violas, bedding .738 
Weather prospects.736 
