August 6, 1892. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
771 
what I may call a short crop such as dwarf Beans or 
early Potatos, so that the next winter it could be 
trenched and exposed to the action of the frost. 
Another portion of the garden I will suppose is 
cropped with Celery, and the following summer this 
same portion will come in well for the crop of Onions, 
Carrots, Parsnips, and Beetroot, for which the extra 
moving of the soil necessarily attending the cultiva¬ 
tion of Celery has rendered peculiarly fitting. After 
the Onions are removed the ground will come in well 
for a bed cf spring Cabbage to be planted in the 
autumn. When the other crops are removed and 
the ground has been well manured and trenched 
during winter, it will serve for an early crop of Cauli¬ 
flowers the next spring, and for the first batch of 
Brussels Sprouts. The Cabbages and Cauliflowers 
should be succeeded by Leeks or a crop of winter 
Spinach. Another portion may have half set apart 
in the spring for Savoys, as these do best when 
planted in June upon soil that has not been previously 
exhausted by a crop the same season. The other 
part may be planted with early and second early 
Potatos, to be followed with Walcheren Broccoli, 
Sprouting Broccoli, Borecoles, etc. 
Then there would be early Turnips, Salsify, 
Scorzonera, as well as Broad Beans, Scarlet Run¬ 
ners, and dwarf Beans ; but as these are chiefly sum¬ 
mer crops they should have a quarter devoted to 
their use upon which in the previous year grew the 
strong-growing Broccoli, etc. The early Turnips 
might come away in time for' a crop of Lettuce or 
other salading the same year. 
Bush fruits, such as Currants, Gooseberries, and 
Raspberries, should have a quarter devoted to them 
exclusively and where they would be more produc¬ 
tive than if distributed all over the garden, where 
they are continually being knocked about and bruised- 
by wheelbarrows, and besides are always in the way. 
Such things as Rhubarb, Seakale, Globe Artichokes, 
and other permanent crops should be grown near 
together because some of them are untidy subjects, 
and if dotted here and there about the garden render 
it both unsightly and unmanageable. 
Many of the herbs require a warm border, but 
such as Tarragon, Fennel, etc., would do with a less 
favoured spot. I have endeavoured in these few re¬ 
marks to give an outline of the subject; but unless 
the ground is deeply dug or trenched, no change or 
rotation of cropping will be satisfactory, and the 
importance of doing this thoroughly is more and 
more shown the longer it is practised. I would 
strongly recommend young gardeners to well study 
this subject, for to become a proficient hand it re¬ 
quires much thought as well as practice.— A. IV., 
Bella Vista, Nortlifield. 
-- 
THE ROSE GARDEN AT 
THE CHICAGO EXHIBITION. 
Anyone standing in the beautiful bower of Roses on 
the World’s Fair grounds would imagine himself in 
the famed Vale of Cashmere, which Moore has so 
beautifully pictured in his story of Lalla Rookh. 
To be there in the early morning, when the dew 
glistens on the Rose’s cheeks like diamonds glittering 
on a queen’s at a ball, is enough to bring forth from 
the most indifferent breast an exclamation of 
pleasure. 
This beautiful spot is situated in the centre of the 
south end of the wooded island. It is partially 
surrounded by Oak trees, the north end opening out 
to the centre of the island. There are some three 
dozen beds surrounded by an irregular border, the 
whole covering about one acre. 
The design in itself is very attractive ; in the cen¬ 
tre are four beds forming a circle. These are filled 
with one hundred varieties of Clematis on bamboo 
balloons. Some new Gladiolus have been planted 
between the Clematis. Next to these are circular 
beds of standard Roses, sent from Flungary ; these, 
it may be said, are not what we would like them to 
be for an occasion like this. Surrounding these are 
beds of dwarf Roses from the different countries, 
with France, Germany, and England not heard from 
yet. 
It is well-known that the soil of Chicago is not the 
best for the cultivation of the Rose, and, despite this 
fact, with the many other handicaps, these Roses 
have done remarkably well. The three beds con¬ 
taining those sent from California, however, seem to 
outdo all the others. They have done splendidly, 
and upon investigating the cause we find them 
budded on what is believed to be a wild Rose from 
China. However, the roots are very vigorous and 
brittle and seem to give the plant more nourishment 
than the old Manetti, which is not suited to the 
light, sandy soil here. American Beauty, Magna 
Charta, Baroness de Rothschild, Her Majesty, 
Merveille de Lyon, and such Roses as are of 
vigorous growth seem to be doing the best, and 
though they have made but little growth, yet they 
have bloomed profusely. 
Many varieties of Honeysuckles are planted 
round the edges of all the Rose beds. These will be 
arranged as a low trellis ; this is a grand idea. 
Honeysuckle and Roses are "chum flowers," and in 
addition to adding a profusion of contrasting bloom 
it will shade the Roses from the scorching sun. 
New varieties of Nasturtiums are growing round 
many of the beds, whilst in the border which frames 
the Rose gardens are planted many herbaceous 
novelties. This border is marked with a trellis of 
Honeysuckle and Climbing Roses, which will also 
form arches of beauty and sweetness over the four 
entrances to the garden. The edge of the border is 
planted with 3,000 Phlox bifida which Chief Thorpe 
has had collected from the fields close by. It is a 
lovely mauvish-white flower closely resembling 
Phlox subulata. This will next year appear like a 
fringe of delicate lace on a rose-embroidered pillow. 
Above this is a row of Gvnothera Youngii which 
were sent here by Bassett. They were planted out 
early in May in light soil, and when about a foot 
high were laid down in a ribbon. They are now be¬ 
yond doubt the most beautiful yellow flowers in 
these parts. They have been a mass of rich yellow 
blooms for the past month and many thousands 
showing. They frame the Rose gardens like a heavy 
gilt frame round a canvas of Roses, and excite ad¬ 
miration from all who see them. Yellow is a scarce 
colour in the summer time ; perhaps there is not a 
bed of yellow in all the parks of Chicago. It is too 
hot for Calceolarias here, but CEnothera Youngii 
will, if it is treated as above and planted out in the 
open, make one of the prettiest effects in either a 
ribbon or bed. 
Of course many more famous Rose growers intend 
to send exhibits, and by the 1st June ’93 the Rose 
gardens of the World's Fair will be a lovely bower 
of Nature’s queen, to whom the members of the 
American Rose Society will have to apologize for 
not acknowledging her claims long before .—James 
Davis, in The Florists' Exchange. 
-- 
CROSS-BRED STREPTO- 
CARPUS. 
Improvement is gradually being effected in this now 
popular class of plants, and we hope the time is not 
far distant when they will enjoy a greater standing 
than they already do in gardens. Their floriferous 
nature and the small amount of artificial heat 
they require even in winter to bring them through 
should all tell in their favour for the popular esteem. 
A fine display appeared at the Temple Show last 
spring from the nursery of Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, 
Chelsea, where a large number of the same plants 
may still be seen in flower. Another batch of them 
has had their flower stalks cut off and the plants 
selves committed to the soil in a specially prepared 
bed in one of the intermediate houses. They are evi. 
dently commencing to root, for a second good crop 
of flowers is now on the move, and will bloom in a 
couple or three weeks, so that a display till the 
end of the season may be reckoned upon. 
At present, however, the chief centre of attraction 
is a large batch of seedlings, now finely in bloom, as 
far as the first sowing is concerned, and which was 
made last December, or just seven months ago; but 
they commenced to bloom over a month ago. A 
second sowing made in January, that is, six months 
ago, is also commencing to flower freely. By May 
next they will be about the same age as the plants 
shown at the Temple last spring. An endless variety 
of colour may be noted in the flowers, some of which 
are of large size ; the more intensely coloured types 
are being selected at present, as well as tints not 
formerly possessed, but which it is desirable to 
develop. The palest is undoubtedly a pure white, 
without any of the stripes or markings so prevalent 
in the throat. The white varieties with three broad 
bands of various shades of pale and dark rose, purple, 
crimson, or violet are also very pretty. Then there 
is magenta, rose-purple, blue-purple, mauve, rose, 
lilac, purple, pale blue, and striped in the throat, and 
other shades too numerous to mention. The selec¬ 
tion of varieties of distinct shades of colour, either 
for named varieties or as standard sorts from which 
to select seeds, is only a question of time ; but there 
is still a wide field, we hope, for enterprise in this 
interesting garden race of flowers, which as a race,we 
hope, is only yet in its infancy. 
Seedlings bear from two to six flowers on a 
peduncle, while old plants carry from twelve to six¬ 
teen. It must be remembered, however, that size 
and numbers like that can hardly ever be concomi¬ 
tant in any race of flowers; from this point the 
strain might be selected and developed along two 
distinct lines, namely, for size of flowers, and 
secondly, for numbers, irrespective of size. Both 
types would be sure to find plenty of admirers. We 
noted a peloric flower with six segments, each of 
which had a violet band running down into the 
throat. It would be a distinct advance from a horti¬ 
cultural standpoint, if it would prove constant, but 
nature is often very fickle. 
BALSAMS. 
There are several species of Impatiens enjoying a 
greater or less amount of popularity, but that 
universally known as the Balsam is I. Balsamina, 
which although still widely grown is not so popular as 
it was twelve to fifteen years ago. There are growers 
and growers of Balsams, but very few can or wil 
take the trouble to bring them to that perfection of 
which they are capable under skilled management. 
As they grow rapidly they must receive close atten¬ 
tion from the very first. The seeds should be sown 
in pans of sandy but rich light soil and placed where 
there is a bottom heat of 65°, and as soon as the 
seeds have germinated, the pans must be placed as 
near the glass as possible to prevent the seedlings 
from getting drawn. When the first true leaf makes 
its appearance, the seedlings should be potted into 
6o’s, burying the stem up to the cotyledons if 
possible so to avoid leggy stems. As the roots reach 
the sides of the pots give further shifts according to 
the rate of progress, keeping them in a moderately 
high temperature close to the glass with plenty of 
ventilation to maintain a short-jointed and sturdy 
condition. 
At a very early stage flowers make their appear¬ 
ance on the main stems, but these should be picked 
off to encourage a vigorous development of the side 
branches. The latter should be tied out as they 
grow to admit air into the centre of the plant, as 
this encourages continued growth, an absolute 
essential if plants of good size and form are 
required. When Balsams were popular as exhibition 
plants, he could only expect to succeed who adopted 
this method of treatment, artificial as it seems. The 
same treatment has to be given to I. Sultani if the 
grower would secure healthy plants a yard in 
diameter. 
Pyramidal specimens 18 in to 2 ft high and 15 in 
to 18 in. or more in diameter at the base may be 
obtained without any training whatever, provided 
the plants are shifted on when they require it and 
are afforded plenty of space for development, free 
exposure to light and air and liberal treatment in the 
matter of watering. Liquid manure is also of 
great assistance to them when making their 
growth. 
A batch of double-flowered Balsams of good 
quality, may be seen in the gardens of the Royal 
Horticultural Society at Chiswick, and which have 
been grown on without any training whatever, and 
form pyramidal specimens 18 in. to 2 ft. high. The 
larger proportion of them have pure white flowers 
with light green stems. Others are flesh-coloured 
with a darker centre and metallic looking stems. A 
third series have blush flowers; while the darkest 
variety has brilliant carmine flowers fading to rosy 
carmine more or less tinted with purple. All .are 
branched from the base, but the branches from the 
axils of the cotyledons are sometimes at a greater 
distance from the next branch than are the succeed¬ 
ing branches from one another. They only illustrate 
the old difficulty of keeping the plants dwarf, owing 
to the tendency of the internodes of the stem to 
elongate when the conditions are not absolutely such 
as to prevent it. 
-—f-- 
Butterflies to the number of 150,000 will be shown 
in the Pennsylvania exhibit at the World s Fair. 
The collection is said to be the most complete and 
finest in the world. 
