August 13, 1892. 
79i 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
■Carshalton. Cypripedium leucohilum with a white 
lip, and a supposed natural hybrid was shown by 
Messrs. H. Low & Co., Upper Clapton, as well as 
some tall-flowering plants of Vanda coerulea. Cypri¬ 
pedium Godefroyae leucochilum was shown by Mr. 
P. McArthur, 4, Maida Vale. 
A Silver Banksian Medal was awarded to Mr. G. 
Wythes, Syon House Gardens, Brentford, for a 
large and showy group of varieties of Campanula 
pyramidalis, edged with varieties of Campanula 
carpatica. A First-class Certificate was awarded a 
variety named C. pyramidalis compacta. A large 
and showy boxful ol plants of hybrid Streptocarpus 
was staged by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, 
who had also fine exhibits of hybrid greenhouse 
Rhododendrons, Robinia Pseud-Acacia semper- 
florens, Valotta purpurea amabilis, and some 
Orchids, for which a Silver Banksian Medal was 
awarded. A similar award was made to Messrs. H. 
Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, for a collection of 
double Begonia blooms, set up in bunches on a 
groundwork of Ferns. They also had some 
Stapelias in bloom and Cactus Dahlias. A large 
collection of Carnation and Picotee flowers set up 
with their own foliage was exhibited by Mr. T. S. 
Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham. They 
were much admired by visitors, and a Silver 
Banksian Medal was awarded the group. 
Several Awards of Merit were accorded Mr. C. 
Turner, Slough, for cut blooms of new Carnations 
and Picotees. A collection of Stocks and Zinnias 
was brought up by Mr. Leach,,Albury Park Gardens. 
Cut flowers of a fine collection of Sweet Peas was 
brought up from the gardens of the Royal Horti¬ 
cultural Society at Chiswick, representing many of 
the leading varieties now in cultivation. Some 
Carnations were shown by Mr. Fred. Bull, 
Wormingsford, Colchester ; as well as by Mr. W. H. 
Divers, Ketton Hall, Stamford; and Mr. R. Green¬ 
field, Leamington. A Chrysanthemum named Rose 
Wells was shown by Mr. W. Wells, Earlswood. 
Some fine Antirrhinums, and an Everlasting Pea 
named Lathyrus delicata were shown by Mr. R. 
Dean, Ealing. A box of Roses was shown by 
Messrs. Paul & Sons, Cheshunt. A plant of Aloe 
Gortoniana was shown by Mr. P. McArthur, 
4, Maida Vale. A tuberous Begonia named Ethel 
Louise was shown by H. Warburton, Esq., 
Claverhouse, Ascot. Sarracenia Cookei, and S. 
Farnhami, the latter a fine new variety, were shown 
by W. E. Farnham, Esq., Loughborough, (Mr. Cook 
gardener). A beautiful yellow Carnation named The 
Moucher (a name, by-the-bye, which was generally 
condemned) was shown by Mr. Spurling, Blackheath. 
Some very good spikes of Lily of the Valley were 
shown by Mr. T.Jannock, Lily Nursery, Dersingham, 
for which he received A Cultural Commendation. 
At a meeting of the Fruit Committee a Silver 
Banksian Medal was awarded to Messrs. D. Burton 
& Son, Bexley Heath, Kent, for four boxes of Nec¬ 
tarines and as many of Peaches; the Nectarines 
being the most highly-coloured. Melons were 
exhibited by Mr. G. Wythes ; by T. Statter, Esq. ; 
by Mr. J. Barkham, The Gardens, Longford House, 
Haven Street, near Ryde ; and by W. M. Bullivant, 
Esq., (gardener, Mr. T. Crosswell,) Homewood, 
Eden Park, Beckenham. Some Tomatos named 
Eclipse were shown by Messrs J. R. Pearson & 
Sons, Chilwell, Notts. A large collection of Figs 
was brought up from the Society’s Gardens at 
Chiswick, and half-a-dozen of them received First 
Class Certificates. A collection of edible Gourds 
and Vegetable Marrows was also brought up from 
the same gardens. A seedling Tomato was shown by 
W. A. South, Esq. (gardener, C. Payne,) 40, New 
Bond Street, Neasden ; and a dish of Tomatos and 
some Runner Beans were also shown by Mr. W. C. 
Leach. Thirteen varieties of Peas were shown by 
Messrs. W. W. Johnson & Son, seed growers and 
merchants, Boston. Three large baskets of Peas 
were shown by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading. 
One named Sutton’s Exhibition had been grown 
under ordinary field treatment and without stakes, 
yet the pods contained nine to eleven seeds each; 
The other two varieties were Sutton’s Perfection and 
Windsor Castle, both growing about 3 ft. high and 
bearing very large pods. 
Shoreham Flower Show.—A very successful exhi¬ 
bition was recently held, by the kind permission of 
Sir Henry James, Bart., M.P., in the grounds of 
Shoreham Place, Kent. Although the majority of 
the classes were confined to cottagers a few were set 
apart for gentlemen’s gardeners. In the class for an 
arranged group of plants, effect to be the leading fea¬ 
ture, Mr. Abbot, gardener to Sir W. Hart-Dyke, 
Lullingstone Castle, secured the 1st prize, with a very 
pretty group; 2nd, Mr. R. Edwards, Beechy 
Lees, whose front was decidedly good, but the absence 
of a good plant at the back lost him first position ; 
third, Mr. Winmill, Shoreham. For a collection of 
fruit, Mr. R. Edwards, gardener to Barclay Field, 
Esq., was 1st with a good lot. For a collection of 
vegetables, Mr. Abbot was again 1st, with excellent 
Tomatos, Peas, Cauliflowers, Carrots, Dwarf Beans, 
Potatos, and Onions as his best ; 2nd, Mr. R. 
Edwards ; 3rd, Mr. Winmill. 
The cottagers, as is generally the case, showed 
vegetables almost as good as the gardeners, and 
where everything was so good it would serve no use¬ 
ful purpose to particularise these exhibits. Table 
decorations shown, not for competition, by Mr. F. 
Seale, Sevenoaks, was much admired, as also was 
their box of herbaceous cut flowers. Altogether the 
promoters, with Mr. Hancock as their secretary, 
must have been well satisfied with the result of their 
efforts. 
Great Saughall Horticultural.—This is one of the 
many local societies which in a quiet unobtrusive 
way are doing good work in their respective districts 
by encouraging the improvement of cottage garden¬ 
ing. The society's operations extend over some 
dozen different townships in Cheshire ; and its presi¬ 
dent is H. D. Trelawney, Esq., a gentleman who 
takes a lively interest in the society’s work, and in 
his park at Shotwick, some four miles from Chester, 
this year’s show was held on the 3rd inst. The 
society is also fortunate in having in Mr. W. A. 
Taylor, Claughton, Birkenhead, an energetic and 
most courteous secretary, who for some six years past 
has materially helped to raise the society to its pre¬ 
sent high standard of public utility. 
The schedule included 51 classes for cottagers, 
who are defined as residents in the district not being 
gardeners or gardeners’ assistants, who T e rent or 
rateable value does not exceed £10 per annum; a 
similar number for amateurs who do not employ a 
regular gardener; and 20 classes open to all but 
nurserymen; besides special classes for the best 
kept gardens, bouquets, butter and a variety of other 
subjects coming under the general heading of 
cottage domestic economy. The record of this 
society, under its present excellent management, 
has been one of improvement from year to year, and 
the show of last week, taking its dimensions as a 
test, was another distinct stride forward. The 
exhibits, numbering 692, were somewhat in advance 
of last year, new classes were thrown open, providing 
fresh incentive for competition, and on the whole it 
may be truly said that the high standard of quality 
characteristic of the show was everywhere main¬ 
tained. In some departments, considering the bad 
season, the exhibits were pronounced to be superior 
to any previous display. The exhibits were con¬ 
tained in two tents, and a glance at the prize-list 
showed that the old successful cultivators were 
once more well to the fore. In few places are such 
strong efforts put forward by amateurs and cottagers 
to bring horticulture and gardening to a state of 
perfection, and the envied reputation which the 
district bears in this respect is no doubt in great 
measure attributable to the encouragement offered to 
all classes by the horticultural society. In addition 
to the local exhibits, Messrs. Dicksons, Limited, of 
Chester, contributed a fine display of cut herbaceous 
plants and Roses, and a group of stove and green¬ 
house plants ; and Messrs. Dickson, Brown and Tait, 
of Manchester, also sent a display of cut Roses. 
The day was gloriously fine, with the exception of a 
few showers of rain towards evening, and at 6 p.m. 
the prizes were distributed by the Hon. Mrs. 
Trelawney. 
-*5—- 
THE NATIVE PLUMS OF 
AMERICA. 
The Council of the Cornell University Agricultural 
Experiment Station have recently published a com¬ 
prehensive and interesting report on the cultivated 
native Plums and Cherries of the United States, 
from the pen of Mr. H. L. Bailey, the Professor of 
Horticulture, who thus sums up the present situation 
with regard to Plums :— 
1. The native Plum industry dates from the dis¬ 
semination of the Wild Goose some forty years ago 
It is only within the last decade, however, that this 
industry has assumed great importance. 
2. Five species and one botanical variety of native 
Plums are now in cultivation for their fruits. One 
hundred and forty named varieties are here described, 
very many of which are wild varieties transferred to 
cultivation. 
3. Nearly all the commercial varieties belong to 
three species, Prunus Americana, P. hortulana, and 
P. angustifolia. These species grow wild in regions 
east of the Rocky Mountains. 
4. Prunus Americana grows the farthest north of 
any of the native Plums, and its varieties are the 
hardiest of any. The species also grows as far south 
as northern Mexico. The range of adaptability of 
its varieties may therefore be assumed to be very 
great. The species is naturally variable, and is there¬ 
fore attractive to the horticulturist. 
5. The fruit of Prunus Americana is firm and 
meaty, usually somewhat compressed or flattened, 
often marked by a distinct suture, dull in colour 
which ranges through various shades of red and pur¬ 
ple to an ill-defined and blotched orange. The skin 
is thick and tough, often acerb, and covered with a 
pruinose bloom. The stone is large and more or less 
flattened and winged, and is sometimes nearly or 
quite free, and the surface is either slightly pitted or 
perfectly smooth. 
6. Forty-five varieties are referred to Prunus 
Americana in the lists. The most popular of 
these are Cheney, Deep Creek, De Soto, Forest 
Garden, Itaska, Louisa, Purple Yosemite, Quaker, 
Rollingstone, Weaver, Wolf. The Americana varie¬ 
ties succeed best, on the whole, in the northern states 
of the Mississippi valley, as in Wisconsin, Iowa, and 
Minnesota. Some of them, however, are succesfully 
grown in Texas, and on the Atlantic slope so far 
south as 37° or 38° 
7. Prunus hortulana grows wild in the Mississippi 
valley from northern Illinois to Arkansas, extending 
eastward into Kentucky and Tennessee and possibly 
farther, and in the south-west spreading over a large 
area of Texas. It is naturally variable, and has given 
many important cultivated varieties. It has never 
been recognised as a distinct species until this year. 
There are two or three distinct types represented in 
the species, one of which—the Miner group—appears 
to possess some radical points of difference from 
the typical representatives of the species. 
8. The fruit of Prunus hortulana is firm and juicy, 
spherical or spherical-oblong, never flattened, and in 
colour ranges through several shades of bright red 
to clear pure yellow. The skin is thin, often marked 
with small dots, and is usually covered with a thin 
bloom. The stone always clings; it is compara¬ 
tively small, rough, turgid, sometimes prolonged at 
the ends, but is never prominentiy wing margined. 
9. The Wild Goose is the best known of the native 
Plums, although its quality is not high. The popu¬ 
larity is due to its productiveness, earliness, beauty, 
good shipping qualities, and to the circumstance that 
it was early introduced to cultivation. This variety 
is grown from Iowa, Michigan, and New York to 
Georgia and Texas. 
10. The Wild Goose group of Plums, as a whole, 
is well suited to the middle latitudes. The most pro¬ 
minent members of the group are Golden Beauty, 
Indian Chief, Missouri Apricot, Moreman, Wayland, 
and Wild Goose. 
11. The Miner group differs from the Wild Goose 
or true Hortulana group by dull and comparatively 
thick leaves which are conspicuously veiny below 
and irregularly coarsely toothed and more or less 
obovate in outline, and by a rather late and very firm 
fruit and a flat and nearly or quite smooth stone. 
The varieties are all much alike. In a wild state, 
this form of native Plum probably grows from Illi¬ 
nois to Tennessee and Arkansas. 
12. Ten varieties are referred to the Miner group, 
of which the most prominent is the Miner. This 
variety was the first native Plum to receive a name 
from horticulturists. Its history runs back to 1814. 
Seventy years ago it was known as Old Hickory and 
General Jackson. Next to the Wild Goose, the 
Miner is the best known of the native Plums. It is 
hardy in northern Illinois, and is popular in the 
central and some of the southern States. 
13. The Chickasaw Plums are characterised by 
