792 
THE GARDENING WORLD, 
August 13, 1892. 
slender, spreading and zigzag growth, comparatively 
small lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate conduplicate 
(or trough-like) leaves which are shining and closely 
and finely serrate, and by an early red or yellow soft 
stringy fleshed fruit which is more or less dotted, 
and a clinging broad roughish stone. In a wild 
state, the Chickasaw Plum is usually thorny and the 
thorn persists in a few cultivated varieties. The 
species grows wild from southern Delaware to 
Florida and westward to Kansas and Texas. 
14. The most important varieties of Chickasaw 
Plums are Caddo Chief, Jennie Lucas, Lone Star 
Newman, Pottawattamie, Robinson, and Yellow 
Transparent. The Newman is the most generally 
known and this hardy in central New York. The 
Chickasaws are best adapted to the central and 
southern States. Many of them are not hardy in 
Michigan and New York. 
15. The Marianna and De Caradeuc constitute a 
distinct class or group of Plums, and the Hattie is 
evidently allied to them. They are to be associated 
with the myrobalan Plum. De Caradeuc is probably 
myrobalan, and Marianna appears to be a hybrid. 
The history of the myrobalan is obscure, but it is 
clearly of Old World origin. It is largely used as a 
stock, and there are varieties grown for fruit. 
16. The Marianna has assumed great importance 
because of its use as a stock for many Plums and 
allied fruits. Its merits are the ease with which it 
grows from cuttings, and the facility with which it 
unites with other species. 
17. The beach Plum or Prunus maritima, of the 
Atlantic Coast, is in cultivation both for ornament 
and for fruit. As a fruit plant it is represented only 
in Bassett's Americana, a fruit of little value. 
18. The Pacific Wild Plum, Prunus subcordata, 
was introduced to cultivation in 1889 as a possible 
fruit plant, but its merits are not yet determined. 
19. Hybrids appear to occur between the Wild 
Goose and the Peach. J. W. Kerr, of Maryland, 
has produced such a hybrid, and the so-called 
Blackman Plum appears to be another. 
20. Some varieties of native Plums, notably Wild 
Goose and Miner, are not fertile with themselves, 
and this fact has undoubtedly retarded the progress 
of native Plum culture. This infertility is due to 
comparative impotency of pollen upon flowers of the 
same variety rather than to any structural imper¬ 
fection in the flowers themselves. 
21. This infertility is avoided by mixed planting, 
by means of which foreign pollen is supplied to the 
impotent varieties. Care should be taken to 
associate varieties which bloom at the same time, 
and with this precaution the ordinary mixed or 
alternate planting, at usual distances, appears to be 
successful. 
22. The best stocks for native Plums are probably 
seedlings of the same species, although they grow 
well, as a rule, upon related species and even upon 
-he Peach in some instances. Perhaps the most 
popular stock at present is the Marianna, because of 
its habit of growing readily from cuttings, and so far 
it appears to have given satisfaction. The Chicka¬ 
saw and Hortulana types succeed well upon the 
Peach. Chickasaw stocks sprout so badly that they 
are in disfavour. In the north, Americana stocks are 
popular for all the varieties which succeed there. 
23. As to the best varieties, there is great 
difference of opinion. In the northernmost States 
the Americana class is most reliable, although 
some of the Hortulanas succeed. For the south the 
Chickasaws are numerous and popular. The Hor¬ 
tulanas occupy an intermediate position. The 
merits of particular varieties must be gleaned from 
the tables given in the body of the report. 
24. The native Plums are in most regions com¬ 
paratively free from insect abuses. Although there 
are no curculio-proof Plums, the curculio does less 
damage to the native varieties than to the common 
or Domestica types. 
25. Among d : seases, a mysterious blight and the 
peach-rosette are prominent in the south. A fruit- 
scab and fruit-spot also occur. The septoria, or shot- 
hole fungus—which causes the serious shedding of 
leaves in the Domestica Plums—does little damage 
upon the natives. The black-knot, brown fruit-rot, 
and plum-pockets are other diseases which the grower 
will be likely to meet. 
26 As a whole, the native plum industry has made 
astonishing progress and it has already assumed large 
proportions. It is certain to occupy a large place in 
future American horticulture. 
ORCHID NOTES AND GLEANINGS. 
The Orchid Growers’ Calender. 
The Cattleya House. —The growths on the most 
forward plants of C. Trianse are fast maturing, and 
should be placed where they can get as much light 
and air as possible or they will not flower satisfac¬ 
torily. Care should be taken when syringing not to 
allow the water to lodge in the young growths or the 
result might be disastrous. The same remark also 
applies to C. Bowringiana which makes thick fleshy 
growths, at the same time they should be copiously 
watered at the root, until the growths are fully made 
up. The shading of this house should not be 
allowed to remain down a minute longer than is 
absolutely necessary, for with an absence of any¬ 
thing like bright summer weather the growths are 
likely to be somewhat drawn and weak, and as a 
natural consequence the spikes also will not be 
atisfactory. Any plants of C. gigas that have not 
been repotted should be seen to at once or they will 
have little chance of becoming established before the 
autumn is upon us. They will require but very 
little water after being repotted, as they seem to do 
best (at least with us) when kept rather on the dry 
side. 
Miltonia spectabilis and M. Morrelliana are 
just now coming into flower in the Cattleya house. 
In a former Calender I remarked that they seem to 
flourish best when grown in baskets suspended close 
to the glass, and if any doubt existed in our minds 
as to the best way to grow and flower this lovely 
species, it is now entirely dispelled, for of those 
grown in pots and standing on the stage we have 
only two plants flowering, whilst on those grown in 
baskets and suspended about six feet above them we 
have nearly forty spikes, one plant in a 6-in. basket 
having six spikes. I merely mention this because 
it is not generally found growing well. Of course 
when in the best of health it has a somewhat yellow 
and sickly appearance, which is entirely natural to 
this species. 
Pleiones.— These are making up their growths 
very fast and will soon require removing to more 
suitable quarters to insure a good rest, nothing is 
better than a vinery to rest these beautiful dwarf¬ 
growing Orchids in, but in removing them from the 
Orchid house proper, they must still be tended with 
care for if allowed to shrivel the flowers will lack 
that size and colour which has procured this Crocus¬ 
like Orchid a foremost position with amateur 
growers. The first to flower is P. maculata, which 
is followed by P. Lagenaria, these two are the most 
generally found in collections, but they might with 
advantage be augmented by adding P. humilis, P. 
praecox and P. praecox Wa'lichiana. 
Temperatures.— The minimum for the East 
India House should be 75 0 ; Cattleya House 65° ; 
and the Cool House 50°.— C. 
Cypripedium Aylingi. 
This beautiful and light-coloured hybrid will evi¬ 
dently become popular. It is flowering now in the 
nursery of Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, and 
bears two flowers on a spike. The upper sepal is 
ovate, white, and lined with purple dots. The 
petals are oblong, of moderate width, declinate, and 
white, lined with purple dots. The lip is white and 
the staminode is reticulate with green. As will be 
seen it has a close affinity with C. niveum, which was 
indeed the female parent, while the pollen parent 
was C. ciliolare. The latter has given the progeny 
the greater size which it possesses compared with 
C. niveum ; and the prevailing light colour as well 
as the shape of the different parts is to some con¬ 
siderable extent due to the latter. 
Epidendrum dichromum amabile. 
Amongst Epidendrums with medium-sized flowers, 
few are prettier than the subject of this note. The 
pseudo-bulbs are ovoid, almost like those of an Odon- 
toglossum or Oncidium, but less compressed and 
have a few large pale-coloured scales at the base in¬ 
stead of leaves ; thev are terminated, however, by 
two lanceolate, leathery leaves. The inflorescence 
is a terminal drooping or arching raceme. The 
narrow oblong sepals are tinted with pink and the 
petals are oval and several shades darker, being in 
fact a light rose. The three lobed lip is dark 
purple with a golden-yellow blotch at the base of all 
the three lobes, while the column is white. There 
is a coloured figure of it in the Orchid Ahum, pi. 452. 
Peristeria Lindeni. 
The ge*us was founded on P. elata in 1831, and 
others have been introduced from time to time till 
the number now reaches nine. Apparently none of 
them are likely to become so popular as P. elata, 
although some of them are certainly very striking, 
including that under notice. The leaves are long 
and lanceolate, reaching high above the flowers, 
which are borne in a short pendulous raceme of 
about seven to ten blooms. The latter are perfectly 
globular, and that, taken with their curious colour, 
gives them a striking appearance. The ground 
colour of the sepals and petals is light green suffused 
with dull purple and spotted all over with deep 
purple. The margin of the lip is purple, and the 
under-surface is striated with that hue on a pale 
ground. There is a coloured illustration of it in 
the Liudcnia pi. 328. 
Laelio-cattleya Digbyana-Mossiae. 
This bigeneric hybrid is now about ten years old, 
but must have lived the greater part of that time 
without its cumbrous name, seeing that it was 
exhibited for the first dme by its raisers, Messrs. J. 
Veitch & Son, in May, 1889, when it received a 
First-class Certificate. 1 he sepals and petals are 
soft rosy lilac and a similar band surrounds the 
outer margin of the lip, which is notable for its 
fringes ; the throat of the lip is orange yellow, and 
this is surrounded by a zone of creamy white ; a 
purple stripe also runs down the middle of the lip. 
Hitherto only one or two flowers have been produced 
on a pseudo-bulb. There is a coloured illustration 
of it in the Orchid Album, pi. 449. 
Dendrobium atroviolaceum. 
The New Guinea Orchids are getting more common 
in collections. That under notice is most noticeable 
from the rich and unusual colour of its lip, especially 
the lateral lobes which are of a deep violet, as 
expressed by the specific name, and they are also 
spotted with the same hue on a green ground 
externally ; the middle lobe is striped or lined with 
violet. On the contrary, the lanceolate sepals and 
obovate petals are all pale yellow, spotted with black. 
Like all the other Dendrobes from the same region 
it requires the temperature of the East Indian house. 
We noted it in the nursery of Messrs, j. Veitch & 
Sons, Chelsea. 
Dendrobium lineale. 
A plant of this species commenced to bloom about 
fourteen days before the Temple Show, and then had 
four long racemes of bloom ; two of the latter were 
still in good condition when we saw the plant the 
other week in the nursery of Messrs. J. Veitch & 
Sons, Chelsea. The flowers individually are not 
particularly showy, but are more noticeable in the 
aggregate, and their durability must tell in their 
favour. The sepals are oblong, the petals linear, 
and all are white and more or less twisted. The lip 
is pale purple and striped with darker lines. The 
stems it is true are rather tall, but when stood in the 
back ground amongst other Orchids, they require all 
their length to allow the drooping racemes of flowers 
to be seen. 
Cypripedium Godefroyae leucochilum. 
The ordinary and typical form of this Cypripedium 
is well known to be finely spotted all over with pur¬ 
ple on a white ground. The variety under notice has 
a pure white lip, hence the application of the varietal 
name. The upper sepal and the petals are richly spotted 
with dark purple or crimson-purple on a white 
ground. The colours are not suffused or blended with 
one another as sometimes happens, but the spotting 
stands out clear and distinct. Altogether it may be 
considered a choice and desirable form of the species. 
It turned up in the collection of Mr. P. McArthur, 
London Nursery, 4, Maida Vale. 
WHAT TO DO IN THE GARDEN, 
Gardenias. —The plants being grown on for 
flowering should be thoroughly syringed twice a day 
to keep down vermin. At night the sashes may be 
left off altogether, so long as the weather remains 
mild. This will keep the plants in a resting condi¬ 
tion and serve to thoroughly ripen the wood and 
plump up the buds that will develop into bloom later 
on. 
Linum Trigynum and L. tetragynum. — Both 
of these are liable to the attacks of red spider, es¬ 
pecially the former, and to obviate this the plants 
