11 
INTRODUCTION 
The LEGS are comparatively weak and little used excei3t while resting and the front ])air is in 
some groups aborted: the imperfect development varies in dili'erent groups but it is always greater in 
the male than in the female. In the Nymiihalidae the front leg of the male has l)ut one tarsal joint 
and is quite useless fur walking. The most imperfect legs are found in those l)utterflies whose pupae 
suspend themselves by the tail only. The femur and the tibia of the leg are sometimes fringed with 
long hairs and this ehai*acter is used for generic definition in the Ilesperidae. 
FIr. a. Front legs of butterflies (enlarged). 
a. Danainae (Danaida). b. Satyrinae (Heteronympha). c. Nymphalinae (Cynthia), d. Nymphalinae (Uypolimnas). 
e. Acraeinae (Acraea). f. Nemeohinae (Ilolodesmus), g. Lycaenidae (Thysonotis). h. Papilionidae (Papilio). 
i. Pieridae (Delias), j. Hesperidae (Cephrenes). k. Ilesperidae (Toxidia). 1. Libythcinae (Lihythea). 
The ANTENNAE are the organs of hearing in the sense that they serve to intercept 
vi])i’ations of sound. They arc always more or less thickened at or just before their terminations. 
In the Danainae this terminal thickening is reduced to a minimimb while in some species of the 
Nympltalinae it is flattened and very conspicuous. Exce];)t in the Ilesperidaej where it is most useful 
for generic definition, the form of the terminal swelling does not follow any definite general pattern 
in the different families. 
’ rig. B. Terminal portions of antennae (enlarged). 
f 
a. Danainac(Danaida). b. Satyrinae (Mycalesis). c. Satyrinae (Oreixenica). d. Elymniinae (Elymnias). c. Nymphalinae 
(Eulepis). f. Nymphalinae (^Precis), g. Nymphalinae (Cupha). h. Libythcinae (Lihythea). i. Lycaenidae (Thysonotis). 
j. Lycaenidae (Miletus), k. Pieridae (Delias). 1. Papilionidae (Papilio). in. Hesperidae (Cephrenes-). n. Ilesi^eridae 
(3Iesodina). 
K 
