DANAINAE 
27 
EUPIiOEA 
17ba. E. Sylvester pelor, f. dardanoides nov. 
. Above. Forewing velvety brown: a small subcostal dot above end of cell: an irregular series of 
outer-diseal spots: a large one in area 2 and anotlier in area 3: two minute dots (placed nearer 
termen) in areas 4 and 5: two large spots in areas C and 7: sublenninal dots absent: two narrow silky 
brown sexmarks in area la. Hindwing brown: a series of obscured discal spots: subterminal dots 
absent. 
Beneath. Forewing brown with central area darker and dorsum grey: a dot in end of cell, a 
subcostal dot, and a series of uj) to seven posteellular dots: discal spots and dots as above: subterminal 
dots absent. Tlindwing l)rown: a series of obscured discal spots, sometimes very faint: subterminal 
dots absent. 
g. Above. Forewing as in male, but dorsum straight: a series of four subcostal sjiots above end of 
cell: discal spots as in male: sexmark absent. Tlindwing as in male. 
TTene.\tii as in male. 
Lor. Darwin 12 4. 5^7* 3 g. 
Tn addition to this very distinct form, we have four examples of pelor (2 males 2 females) in whicli 
the discal spots of forewing above are much enlarged and are basally edged with blue scales: the discal 
spots of hindwing are not obscm*ed, are larger than usual, and ai*e only partially divided: the series 
of subterminal dots is almost complete on botli wings above, and comjdete beneath. 
Subfamily SATYRINAE. 
Ovuif. Usually spherical: in colour some shade of green: deposited upon the foodplant singly. 
Lauva. Subcylindrical or subfusiform; usually, but not always, smooth: head hard and often with 
lateral ])roeesses: tail bifid: in colour some shade of green or brown: remains liidden dui’ing daylight 
and feeds after dark upon grasses: that of Melanitis also feeds upon sugarcane, and tliat of Tisiphone 
is confined to Cladinm (swordgrass), (Fig. L75, L90). 
Pupa. Smooth, short, and fusiform: usually suspended by the tail to the foodplant or to the under¬ 
surface of stones or logs: rarely loose upon the earth under leaves or bark or in the shelter of grass 
tussocks. (Fig. P75, P90). 
IjfAOO. Rarely of large size: wings broad and rounded, in Australian species never tailed: cells 
of ])oth wings closed; principal veins of forewing, except in Melanifis, swollen at base. Forewing with 
twelve veins: vein TO, excei>t in Y 2 )hthhna and JJypocystaj from subcostal before end of cell: diseoeellu- 
lars very variable: sometimes directed outwards, making vein o very miicii shorter than vein G, some¬ 
times directed inwards, making vein 5 very mucb longer than vein G, sometimes only feebly developed. 
Hindwing with nine veins (including vein Th) : discocellulars sometimes only feebly developed. Eyes 
sometimes .smooth, sometimes densely hairy. 
Range. The greater number of the Australian genera of this subfamily are peculiar to our con¬ 
tinent. and arc characteristic of the faunal region of south eastern Australia. 
The genera fall naturally into three sections. The first includes Mijcalesis and Orsoiriaena, with 
the discocellulars of hind wing very weak: these genei*a have been introduced through New Guinea and 
have only reached the northern parts of Australia. The second section is formed hy Melanitis, the one 
genus of the subfamily in which none of the veins of forewing are swollen at base: this also has reached 
Australia through New Guinea, but has extended farther south along the eastern coast. The third 
section contains the remaining genera and has two divisions; one for Fp/R/umu and llypocysta which are 
also found in New Guinea and elsewhere: the other ^or Meso.renica, Heieronyynpha, Argynnina, Oreixenica, 
Xenica and Tisiphone, all members of a peculiarly Australian group: with tlie excei)tion of Tisiphone 
helena, none of these have been been recorded uorih of latitude 25°. 
The Saii/rhiae are essentially shade loving species, usually found in Avooded gullies and in the shadow 
of trees or clitfs. They are often to he seen resting in company in cavities of a clifT face, or beneath 
overhanging rocks: at dusk they are sometimes so sluggish they may be lifted from tbeii lesting place 
with fingers or forceps. Their'flight is weak, the one exception being Melanitis, Avhieh has a swift, 
elusive, jerky fiight, Avben disturbed in the daytime. All the sjiecies are local in their habits: they are 
very constant in their times of emergence, and the greater number of the males usually appear on the 
Avino- a Aveek or ten days in advance of the females. They are usually some shade of broAvn Avith paler 
marTdngs; in other countries some species of this subfamily have Aving areas of bright blue. They 
C 
