NYMPHALINAE 
50 
liiAGO. Usually of moderate or larg'e size: rarely small: wings broad, sometimes augulate: win? 
cells usually open but sometimes closed by Aveak discocellulai’s. Forewing witli twelve veins: vein 10 
usually from subcostal but sometimes from vein 7. llindwing with dorsum channelled to receive abdo¬ 
men. Antennae with clubs sometimes gradual and slender, and sometimes abrupt and broad: eyes 
sometimes smooth and sometimes hairy: i)ali)i large, broad and rounded. The butterflies are usually of 
strong swift flight and delight in the hottest sunshine. iMany of them have peculiar tastes, being 
attracted by exuding sa]), decomiiosing fruit, carrion, etc. 
Range. Worldwide. 
This subfamily contains the typical butterflies of the Nymplialidae. It is separated from tli? 
Banainae hy the absence of the anal tufts of the male: from the Elifmnihme by the absence of the pre- 
costal cell of llindwing: from the Amatliusunae by the broad and rounded palpi: from tlip 
Acraeinae by the channelling of the hindwing: and from the Safyrinae by the absence of the basal 
enlargement of veins. 
It is naturally divided into two main sections hy the larvae: the section Avith smooth larvae, whieh 
is represented in Australia hy Etilepis jiyrrlms sempronhis only, has by some Avrilers been given the 
rank of a distinct subfamily under the name of the Apatririnne. Above and beneath the Avings are 
usually Avidoly divergent and. unlike oilier subfamilies, there is no definile scheme of Aving pattern 
hy Avhicli it may he divided into sections. None of (he genera contain (in Australia) more than a few 
species, llymlhnnas Avith four having (he greatest number. The A-enation shoAVs A’cry considerable 
dwergencc: in some genera the cells are feebly closed: in others the cell of forcAving is closed and the 
cell of himlAving open: but in the majority of the sjieeies lioth cells are open. 
The key to the genera is chiefly based on the [mints of origin of vein 10 and A-ein 11. 
Key to the Genera of EYMPHALIEAE. 
A. Cell of foreAving and of liindAving closed. 
a. Ryes hairy . Pyrameh. 
h. Ryes smooth. 
rd. ForoAviug Avith A*ein 11 and A’ein 10 from subcostal. 
Hind wing Avilh vein 3 and A*ein 4 from almost the same point. 
n^. IlindAving Avitli cell about half length of Aving and closed: median A’ein of 
foroAving Avith basal s])ur . Argynnis. 
lA. IlindAving Avith cell much less than half length of Aving and closed: median 
vein of forewing Avithoul basal spur . Ilypolimms. 
h-. llindwing Avith A^ein 3 and A'ein 4 stalked . Toma. 
JA. Porewing Avith A’oin 11 from subcostal and vc4u 10 from vein 7. 
llindwing Avith cell closed by a fold of (be membrane . Cynthia. 
h“. JlindAving Avith cell closed by a AA’eak discoeellular vein. 
A. llindwing Avith termen rounded . Atella. 
llindwing Avith termen sti'ongly toothed at A^ein 4 . Issoria. 
A. llindwing with termen strongly toothed at each A-ein. Cefliosia. 
. Cell of forcAving closed, hut cell of IlindAving open. 
a. Ryes smooth. 
(A, PoreAving Avith costa serrated: A-ein 10 from-subcostal . Eiilepis. 
lA, PorcAving Avith costa smooth; vein 10 from A’ein 7 ... Cnplia. 
h. Ryes hairy .... mjnes. 
Cell of forewing and of hindwing open: eyes smooth. 
a. PoroAving Avith A-ein 11 and A-ein 10 from subcostal. 
flk Antennae Avith clubs short, ahru]it and broad . Prem. 
A. Antennae Avith clubs long, gradual and slender. 
HindAving Avith termen tailed at vein la . Doleschallk 
b“. Hindwing Avith termen rounded. 
cP. PorcAving AA-ith A-ein 10 from subcostal just l)efore end of cell . Phaedyma. 
JA.^ Porewing with A-ein 10 from subcostal Avell before end of cell . Nepiis. 
b. PoreAving Avith vein 11 from subcostal and A-ein 10 from vein 7. 
(A, PorcAA’ing m -r i- 1 i « .. 
lA. PoreAving 
male 
Acea, 
