NYMPHAI.INAE 
59 
HYPOLIMNAS 
This is a wide ranging species found throughout the Indo-Australian and Aethopian Regions. The 
male is constant both in colour and markings, but the female has some remarkable variations: these 
have not been recorded in Australia, but in Africa one form of the female is without the black apex 
and white discal bar of forewing, and another has the hindwing white instead of orange: these varia¬ 
tions correspond to similar varietal forms of Danaida chrysippus. 
G6. Hypolimnas bolina Linne. (India). 
This species is taken throughout the Indo-Australian Region, from the Himalayas of India to as 
far eastwards us Samoa, wlicre a small highly coloured race occiu's: the Australian race is the largest 
and finest known. 
G6a. H. bolina nerina Fabrieius. Fig. 53, 55. 
Systema Entomologiae, p. 509, 1775. 
o'. Auove. Forcwing rich black: a discal bar, white dusted purple and broadly margined with 
iridescent purple: a bar of three small subapical spots, white dusted purple. Hindwing rich black: 
a large central spot, white dusted pui’ple and broadly margined with iridescent purple. 
Beneath. Forewing brown with tornus shading to dark brown and cell to red-brown: costal edge 
of cell, black dusted white, with a series of three small spots, white dusted blue: a discal bar, reach¬ 
ing costa, white: a series of small subterminal spots, white dusted blue: a sex’ies of interrupted ter¬ 
minal lines, white. Hindwing brown: an interrupted discal band, white: a series of small subter- 
ininal spots, white dusted blue: a series of very broad interrupted terminal lines, white. 
Above. Forewing rich brown-black: a discal bar of large spots, white dusted blue: three small 
subapical spots, continued as a series of subterminal dots, white dusted blue: a series of faint in¬ 
terrupted terminal lines, white: an irregular dorsal patch at twothirds, tawny orange. Hindwing rich 
brown-black: a large central patch, Avhite dusted and margined blue: a series of faint interrupted 
terminal lines, white. 
Beneath as in male; white markings broader: doi'sal patch of forewing as above but paler. 
Loc. Cape York 3 S, Thui'sday Is. 1. Prince of Wales Is. 6 7. Banks Is. 2. Darnley Is. 4 5 6 12. 
Cooktown 12. Cairns 6 7. Kuranda 4 6 7. Ingham 4 5 9. Townsville 3 4 7. Mackay 3 4 5. 
Brisbane 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10. Esk. Richmond R. 1 2 3.5“.S ydney 3. Moriiya. Derby. Daly R.. 4. 
Darwin 1 8 12. Roper R. 11. 34cf 48*9. 
This subspecies has a number of moderately constant, strongly marked variations, which, for con¬ 
venience sake, ma}' be roughly indicated as follows. 
a. . White bars of forewing and central spot of hindAving smaller and obscured by purple scales. 
b. 9 . Forewing Avith discal bar absent: hindAving Avith central patch taAvny orange. 
c. 9 . ForeAA'ing with discal bar iridescent blue, and orange dorsal patch small: liindAving AA’ith 
central patch absent or indicated by a fcAV blue scales. 
d. 9 . ForeAving Avith blue scales and dorsal patch absent; hindAving AA’ith blue scales absent. 
e. 9 . ForeAving with discal bar indicated by a feAV blue scales only, and dorsal patch absent: 
IiindAA'ing Avith central patch absent. 
We have intergrades betAveen these variations so do not regard them as sufliciently constant to 
Avarrant their being named as forms of nerina. 
67. Hypolimnas alimena Linne. (Amboina). 
A Avidespread and variable species occurring in the Papuan region. 
67a. H. alimena lamina Fruhstorfer. Fig. 57,(7^ 
Berliner Entomologisclio Zeitung 1903, p. 73. 
0 ^. Above, ForeAA’ing blue-black: a variable discal band, silky blue: a series of small subterminal 
spots, Avhite dusted blue: a series of small triangular terminal spots (Iavo in each area and obscured 
toAvards apex) Avhite dusted blue: an interrupted terminal line, AA’hite. HindAving blue-black: a 
variable discal band, silky blue: a subterminal series of small spots, Avhite dusted blue: terminal spots 
and line as on foreAving. 
Beneath. ForeAving blue-black; base and apex broadly broAxm: costal edge of cell Avith a series 
of three small spots, Avhite edged black: discal band narroAver than above, and often absent: subter¬ 
minal spots as aboA-e: terminal spots and line as above but broader. HindAA’ing broAvn: discal band 
only indicated by a dusting of bluish grey scales; subterminal spots as aboA’e: terminal spots as 
aboA’e but larger and confluent. 
E 
