PAPIUONIDAE 
156 
Family PAPILIONIDAE. 
No inoasurements are given as, unless stated expressly to tlie contrary, the figure is always that of 
a butterhy of average size. As the male is usually more plentiful than the female, and as the characters 
used in the published descriptions are usually taken from the male, that sex alone is figured, except 
in cases where marked differences of shape or pattern occur in the female. Usually the male has 
brighter colours than the female, and Avhere there are tail-like projections to the hindwing, and these 
differ in length, those of the female are the longer. 
Ovmr. Spherical, flattened at base; usually pale green or cream: desxmsited singly upon either 
surface of a leaf of the foodx^lant. 
Larva. Cylindrical, with a double dorsal row of fleshy tubercles (fig. L. 562) ; or subcylindrical, 
smooth, with a raised fleshy protuberance at (he fourth segment (fig. L. 557) ; the second segment with 
a dorsal slit, through which the larva can erect a Y sha])ed retractile tentacle called the osmaterium. 
Pupa. IMore or less smooth; head and thorax set at a different angle to the abdomen: head sorae- 
tmies bifid and sometimes with a medial horn: tail x^ointed; usually attached to a vertical surface, head 
ux:)X:)ermo3t, by the tail and a central silken girdle (fig. P. 557, 562), 
Imago. Very variable in size and shax^e: often with a long tail to vein 4 of hindwing. Forewing 
(in all Australian species) with all tw’elve veins x^i’eseutt, an additional short vein, lb, reaching to 
doisum, and a short cross vein connecting vein la with median near base. Hindwing with vein lb 
absent, and x^reeostal vein and cell xM*esent: dorsum not channelled to receive abdomen. Males sometimes 
Pig. AG. Wing venation of 
Papilio stjienelus. 
with secoudai’y sexual characters on either forewing 
and with a distinct club. 
Fig. AH. Wing venation 
of Painlio choredon. 
or hindwing above. Eyes smooth: antennae short 
Range. Worldwide: numerous in the tropics: ropreseuled by hut a few species iu the colder regions, 
of very iuleresliug problems of geographical distribution, some 
1 to scieuee. Space forbids a fuller discussion of this fascinating 
Auit af question as it affects the origin of the 
