THE HIVING WORLD. 
259 
•cess within the egg is that already pointed out—the yolk separates into many 
distinct cells, and the germinal cells rise to the top. The future insect now 
begins to appear as a band rolled up, so that the ends (head and tail) meet. 
Finally, in a period sometimes as short as a few days, less frequently in a 
month, and rarely after hibernation, 
the egg is developed into the cater¬ 
pillar. Worm-like in appearance, it 
apparently consists of a head and of a 
body composed of successive rings— 
these rings being the skeleton of the 
insect. It has a pair of stout jaws 
which work sidewise. The mouth lies 
between the jaws and has secondary 
jaws ; it is further supplied with a 
slender tube, which serves as a spin¬ 
ning-wheel for the silk which the cat¬ 
erpillar is constantly making to render 
yet more secure its locomotion. The 
antennae are at the base of the mandi¬ 
bles and are furnished with a long 
bristle. The eyes are arranged in a 
curve, and the sixth one is placed some 
distance back of the others. The 
rings composing the body are thirteen 
in number, the three front ones fur¬ 
nishing support for the legs ; the third, 
fourth, fifth, sixth and thirteenth rings 
bear false or temporary legs. It 
respires by means of stigmata , which 
occur on each side of a segment, except the second, third, twelfth and thirteenth. 
The segments have a covering of hairs, the arrangement of which in the first three 
and in the last ten segments is different. 
On the under side of the body, included by 
the lower legs and the under lip, are the 
organs of scent and hearing. Moths are 
distinguished from butterflies by structure; 
the hind legs and wings in the moth are 
hooked together; the antennae are fern-like, 
instead of being turnip-shaped, as with 
the butterfly. 
The Admiral Butterfly has black, 
velvety front wings marked with scarlet 
and white ; the back wings are black. 
The eggs are ribbed so that their summits 
apollo butterfly. look like a succession of little hills. The 
PAPILIO BROOKEANA. 
thorax is very slight, and the middle segment carries the front wings and the rela¬ 
tively powerful muscles which must control them. The legs proceeding from the 
thorax, thin but jointed and strong, support the centre of gravity of the body. It 
builds its nest by fastening together the edges of a leaf, and sometimes uses what it 
