THE LIVING WORLD. 
263 
the leaves of the oak, which it pulls downward and backward. Their design 
is thus to provide concealment against the enemies which prey upon them. 
The Oak Eggar (.Lasiocampis quercus ) as a larva, hibernates. The male 
is chocolate-colored, with a yellow band in the centre, and a white spot on 
the wings; the female is a pale yellow. 
BEECH spinner (Stauropns fagi). 
SQUARE, VELVET-MOTH AND CATERPILLAR 
(Lilhosia quadra ). 
Beech Spinner (Stauropns fagi j irequents herbage, beeches and oaks. 
The Silk-Worm (Bombyx morz) was brought by monks to Constantinople 
about the middle of the sixth century. Before that time silk was imported in 
small quantities and at great cost from China, where the silk worm had been 
domesticated as 
early as 2700 B. 
C. For a long 
period the Greeks 
were the special 
European cultiva¬ 
tors of the silk¬ 
worm, until Italy 
wrested away its 
sceptre. From 
Italy, silk culture 
spread to Spain 
and France; in 
the latter country 
the production of 
the eggs is a large 
and well-recog¬ 
nized industry. 
The English have 
found their Indian 
possessions the 
nost satisfactory 
1. BEE-MOTH (Sesia apifomits). 9. nail 
blotted (Aglia tau). 15 - climbing-moth 
(Txniocampa gothica). 2. pine-moth 
(Sphinx pinastri). 
dace for their silk manufacture, and the Americans, while far behind their foreign 
ompetitors, yet have attained a reasonable success. 
Beginning with the egg, which at first is yellow, and later blue, the 
form, when hatched, is black. At the end of eleven or twelve days the worn: 
heds its skin, or rather peels itself, and appears as a white caterpilh . 
