548 THE LIVING WORLD. 
In spite of its name it is pale yellow. Its horns are of equal length. It is often 
called the black rhinoceros. 
The Two-horned Borneo Rhinoceros ( Ceratorhinus sumatrensis) has its 
skin folded, not into shields, but into capes on the shoulders and haunches. It is 
of a dark slate color, and measures about eight feet in length. 
The Rhinoceros of Assam ( Ceratorhinus lasiotis) is taller, smoother and 
paler than the preceding and is light brown in color. 
The Indian Rhinoceros (. Rhinoceros unicornis , or indicus) } is one-horned, 
about ten feet in length, and its skin is formed into a number of shields, which 
are covered with tubercles. The folds of the collar come off into a dewlap, 
and the shields over the withers and each fore leg is triangular; the hindquar¬ 
ters are shielded as far as the knee-joint. It is about eight or nine feet in 
length and weighs several thousand pounds. This is the rhinoceros which is 
read of in Roman history and which is most frequently seen in our zoological 
gardens and museums. Its 
habitat is Hindostan. 
The Rhinoceros of 
Java (Rhinoceros javanus) 
is smaller, has a larger up¬ 
per lip, and a larger neck 
shield, which is saddle- 
shaped. It is nocturnal in 
its habits and does great 
damage to the coffee and 
pepper plantations, and to 
cultivated plants. It is 
more amiable than most of 
its kind. 
The Rhinoster (. Rhi¬ 
noceros bicornis ) has two 
horns, which are brown, 
tinted with green. It is 
about eleven or twelve feet in length, and yellowish-brown in color. It is 
found at the Cape of Good Hope, and is called the borele , or little black 
rhinoceros. The front horn is long and bent backwards ; the other, short and 
conical. It is very active, frequently aggressive,, very fierce, and very dangerous. 
It sometimes quarrels with its own kind. It is nocturnal, and sleeps soundly 
during the day. Like the other rhinoceroses, it uses its horn to dig up roots. 
Its tendon Achilles or most vulnerable part is back of the shoulder. 
The fossil forms are the aceratherium , which has four toes and no horn; 
the canopos , which reduces still further the toes of the front foot to three; the 
aphelops , which had achieved the teeth and horn; the diceratherium , which 
exhibits two rudimentary horns; the Siberian Rhinoceros (. Rhinoceros tricho- 
rhinus) which persisted longer than the mammoth and which was covered with 
long hair. 
The young of the rhinoceros have no horn, and the development of this 
weapon extends over many years. It is not set in the skull, but is held only 
by the skin, from which it may easily be separated. As an illustration of the 
wounds which they inflict upon each other mention may be made of the shoot- 
