34 
CALYCANTHACEAE 
petals 5, notched at apex and with a greenish area at base.—Low wet 
places in valley fields. 
5. R. hebecarpus H. & A. Very slender sparsely hairy herb 1.2 to 
2.6 dm. high; leaves thin, round or kidney-shaped in outline, parted or 
divided into 3 entire or lobed divisions; petals minute, of the same length 
as the stamens; achenes few, covered with short hooked hairs.—Open 
woods. 
6. R. muricatus L. Stout, glabrous and succulent, 7.2 to 24 cm. high; 
herbage yellowish green; leaves round or kidney-shaped, deeply 3-cleft 
into cleft or toothed lobes; petals 6 to 8 mm. long; achenes 8 mm. long, 
including the sword-shaped beak, the sides with coarse prickles and sur¬ 
rounded by a raised border.—Nat. from Eur. 
7. R. cymbalaria Pursh. Flowering stems naked, 7.2 to 14.4 cm. long; 
leaves basal and at the joints of the long thread-like rooting runners, 
broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, coarsely crenate; petals 5 to 9, 2 to 8 mm. 
long; achenes with bladdery walls, the sides nerved, borne on an elon¬ 
gated receptacle and forming an oblong cluster 6 to 12 mm. long.—Wet 
saline places. 
8. R. aquatilis L. Water Buttercup. Leaves submersed, many times 
dissected into thread-like or hair-like divisions; flowers 6 to 14 mm. 
broad; achenes wrinkled crosswise.—Ponds and ditches. 
8. CLEMATIS L. Virgin’s Bower 
Stems woody below, climbing by aid of the petioles of the opposite 
compound leaves. Sepals 4, white and petal-like. Petals none. Stamens 
numerous. Fruit consisting of a cluster of numerous achenes, the styles 
persistent as hairy or feathery tails and very conspicuous in the fruiting 
stage. (Ancient name, from Greek klema, a twig.) 
1. C. lasiantha Nutt. Pipe-Stem. Leaflets 3, elliptic or roundish, 
coarsely toothed and often 3-lobed, 2.4 to 4.8 cm. long; peduncles bear¬ 
ing 1 to 3 flowers which are 3 to 5.4 cm. broad; sepals broadly oblong; 
tails of the achene 2.4 cm. long or more forming a head-like cluster 4.8 to 
6 cm. broad.—Clambering over shrubs in the foothills. 
2. C. ligusticifolia Nutt. Hill Clematis. Leaflets 5 to 7, variable, 
3-lobed or coarsely toothed; peduncles bearing a cluster or panicle of 
many flowers; flowers 1.2 cm. in diameter; sepals narrowly oblong, acute; 
fruiting panicles 7.2 to 36 cm. long.—Wooded hills. 
CALYCANTHACEAE. SWEET-SHRUB FAMILY 
Aromatic shrubs with opposite entire leaves. Bracts, sepals and petals 
passing into each other, all (with the numerous stamens) adnate to or 
inserted upon the enlarged hollow receptacle which is like a rosediip. 
Pistils many, becoming achenes.—Species 4, North America and Asia. 
1. CALYCANTHUS L. 
Flowers livid red. Petals in several rows. Inner stamens sterile. 
(Greek kalyx, covering or calyx, and anthos, flower.) 
1. C. occidentalis H. & A. Sweet-Shrub. Erect branching shrub 1 to 
2 m. high; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute at apex, 3.6 to 14.4 cm. 
long; sepals and petals linear-spatulate, 1.8 to 3 cm. long.—Canon streams. 
A crushed flower is used as a handkerchief perfume by mountain people. 
