CUPRESSACEAE 
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manufactures and the arts. It is the tallest tree of the earth’s silva, 
reaching an extreme height of 103.6 m. 
2. S. gigantea Lindl. Rig Tree. Tree 40 to 90 m. high; leaves short 
ovate or subulate, sessile, spreading spirally and making roundish sprays; 
cones elliptic-globose, 4.8 to 8.4 cm. long.—Sierra Nevada, at middle alti¬ 
tudes. The wood is similar to Redwood, but pinker and more brittle, 
and is used for similar purposes. It is in massiveness the largest tree on 
earth. 
CUPRESSACEAE. CYPRESS FAMILY 
Trees or shrubs with opposite or whorled scale-like (or rarely linear) 
leaves thickly clothing the branches. Stamens and ovules in separate cat¬ 
kins. Cone woody or fleshy. Scales few; bracts none.—Species about 
80, widely distributed over the earth. 
Fruit a woody cone ; stamens and ovules on same tree. 
Branclilets flattened; cones maturing in first autumn. 1. Libocedrus. 
Branchlets cord-like; cones maturing in second autumn. 2. Cupressus. 
Fruit a berry; stamens and ovules on different trees. 3. Juniperus. 
1. LIBOCEDRUS Endl. 
Trees with branchlets in flat sprays. Leaves scale-like, opposite, in 
four rows, the successive pairs unlike. Cones oblong, with imbricated 
oblong scales. Seeds 2 at the base of scale. (Greek libas, referring to 
the trickling of resin, and kedros, cedar.) 
1. L. decurrens Torr. Incense Cedar. Tree 14 to 36 m. high; cones 
oblong-ovate, 1.8 to 2.4 cm. long.—Montane. The wood is soft, light, fine- 
and straight-grained and exceedingly durable in soil or water. It is 
used for telephone poles and fence posts. 
2. CUPRESSUS L. Cypress 
Trees or shrubs with small scale-like opposite leaves thickly clothing 
the branches. Cones composed of 6 to 10 very thick roundish and peltate 
scales fitting closely together. Seeds several at the base of each scale. 
(Classical name of the Cypress.) 
1. C. macrocarpa Hartw. Monterey Cypress. Tree 5 to 17 m. high; 
cones sub-globose, 1.8 to 3.6 cm. long.—Coast at Monterey; very common 
in cultivation, especially as a hedge-plant. 
3. JUNIPERUS L. Juniper 
Trees or shrubs. Leaves in whorls of 3 or opposite, scale-like or 
linear-subulate. Cones fleshy and berry-like, 1 to 3-seeded. (Ancient 
Latin name.) 
Berries reddish-brown, oblong; medium altitudes.1. J. californica. 
Berries blue-black, globose or sub-globose ; high montane.2. /. occidentalis. 
1. J. californica Carr. California Juniper. Shrub 5.7 to 43 dm. high 
or occasionally a tree up to 11 m. high ; berries sub-globose or oblong, with 
1 to 3 seeds.—Dry hills and mountain sides, inner ranges and s. to Mohave 
Desert. The wood is hard and very durable. It is used for fence posts 
and fuel. 
2. J. occidentalis Hook. Sierra Juniper. Tree 2 to 13 m. high; ber¬ 
ries globose to ovoid, with 2 seeds.—High granite ridges and cirques. 
The wood is very fine-grained, soft, brittle and exceedingly durable. 
