KEY TO THE FAMILIES 
21 
Leaves basal; calyx funnelform; stamens 5, opposite 
the petals; fruit an achene.. 
Plumbaginaceae, p. 124. 
Calyx of 2 distinct sepals; stamens commonly 5; capsule 
3-valved. Portulacaceae, p. 51. 
Ovary more than 1-celled. 
Anthers opening by pores at the summit; petals 5; ovary 5- 
celled.... Ericaceae, p. 120. 
Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. 
Herbs (ours). 
Leaves alternate or basal. 
Sepals and petals 4; stamens 4 long and 2 short; 
ovary 2-celled, rarely 1-celled. 
Cruciferae, p. 39. 
Sepals and petals 5; stamens 10 ; ovary 5-celled. 
OXALIDACEAE, p. 63. 
Leaves opposite; sepals and petals 5; stamens 10. 
Zygophyllaceae, p. 63. 
Shrubs; leaves opposite, pinnate; stamens and petals 2; 
pod winged... Oleaceae, p. 125. 
B. Stamens perigynous (on the calyx) or epigynous (“on the ovary”). 
1. Ovary superior (free from the calyx). 
Filaments distinct. 
Stamens 10 to numerous. 
Leaves alternate, simple or often compound; petals 5. 
Pistils few to many (sometimes only 1), always simple and 
distinct with one stigma; stipules present (except 
Holodiscus and Osmaronia) Rosaceae, p. 88. 
Pistil 1 with 3 styles or stigmas; stipules none. 
• Schinus, p. 67. 
Leaves opposite, simple; petals many; pistils many; stipules 
none; shrubs. Calycanthaceae, p. 34. 
Stamens less than 10; trees or shrubs. 
Stamens 4 or 5, as many as the petals. 
Stamens alternate with the petals. 
Styles or stigmas 3; fruit drupe-like... 
Anacardiaceae, p. 66. 
Style 1. 
Leaves punctate; fruit a berry (or hesperidium) or 
a dry fruit in the native species... 
Rutaceae, p. 68. 
Leaves not punctate; fruit a samara. 
SlMARUBACEAE, p. 69. 
Stamens opposite the petals. 
Shrubs; petals often hooded; ovary 3 or 2-celled. 
Rhamnaceae, p. 75. 
