20 
KEY TO THE FAMILIES 
Pistil 1. 
Pistil 1-celled, the styles or stigmas more than 1. 
Sepals caducous; petals 4 or 6, twice as many as the sepals...._ 
Papaveraceae, p. 36. 
Sepals persistent; petals 5. 
Sepals 2; styles 3; low annuals. Calandrinia, p. 51. 
Sepals 5. the 2 outer smaller and bract-like; style 1; 
perennials. Cistaceae, p. 80. 
Pistil more than 1-celled; petals 5. Hypericaceae, p. 80. 
2. Stamens 10 or less. 
a. Pistils 4 or 5 ; herbs. 
Pistils 5, more or less united around a central axis, elastically separating 
when ripe as 1-seeded carpels. 
Stipules scarious; carpels tailed by twisted styles. 
Geraniaceae, p. 63. 
Stipules none; carpels separating from a very short axis, not tailed. 
Limnanthaceae, p. 64. 
Pistils 4 or 5, distinct, becoming follicles. Crassulaceae, p. 84. 
b. Pistil 1, the styles or stigmas often more than 1; herbs, 
shrubs or trees. 
Corolla irregular. 
Petals 5. 
Stamens 10; petals butterfly-like; leaves commonly compound. 
Leguminosae, p. 95. 
Stamens 5; lower petal with a spur; leaves commonly simple. 
Violaceae, p. 80. 
Petals 4, in two dissimilar pairs; sepals 2; stamens 6, slightly united 
in two sets. Fumariaceae, p. 38. 
Corolla regular. 
Ovary 1-celled. 
Anthers opening by uplifted valves; petals 6; stamens 6; fruit a 
berry or capsule.'. Berberidaceae, p. 35. 
Anthers opening by longitudinal slits; herbs. 
Calyx synsepalous or of 5 distinct sepals. 
Leaves opposite; calyx tubular or of distinct sepals. 
Placenta central; stamens 5, alternate with the 
petals, or 10 (5 alternate, 5 opposite), 
rarely fewer; calyx tubular and 5-toothed, 
or of 5 distinct sepals; capsule 3 to 10- 
valved or -toothed, or the fruit 1-seeded 
and indehiscent.XARYOPHYLLACEAE, p. 44. 
Placentae parietal; stamens 4 to 7; calyx tubular, 
4 or 5-toothed; capsule 2 to 4-valved.. 
Frankeniaceae, p. 53. 
