FAGACEAE 
71 
catkin acute; stamens 4.—Near the coast, Santa Barbara Co. to Del 
Norte Co. The wood is used for piles and boats. 
CORYLACEAE. HAZEL FAMILY 
Shrubs with alternate simple leaves. Staminate flowers in catkins, 
without calyx or corolla; stamens as if 8, really 4 with forked filaments, 
the undivided portion of the filament in ours obsolete. Pistillate flowers 
several in a scaly bud, the calyx minute, adnate to the ovary and without 
limb; style short, with slender elongated stigmas. Fruit a nut inclosed 
in a leafy tubular involucre.—Species about 15, north temperate zone. 
1. CORYLUS L. Hazelnut 
Leaves thin, serrulate or incised. Staminate catkins pendulous. Nut 
ovoid or globose. (Greek korus, a helmet, from the involucre.) 
1. C. rostrata Ait. var. californica A. DC. Commonly 1 to 2 m. high ; 
leaves short-villous beneath; involucre densely hispid.—Along streams. 
The slender wands are used as hoops in making Redwood lime barrels. 
Yar. tracyi Jepson. Leaves subglabrous beneath; involucral tube beyond 
nut very short.—N. Cal. 
FAGACEAE. OAK FAMILY 
Trees or shrubs with alternate simple leaves, and apetalous flowers. 
Staminate flowers in slender catkins, the calyx 2 to 8-lobed and the sta¬ 
mens 3 to 12. Pistillate flowers solitary or in small clusters, 1 to 3 in an 
involucre which in fruit becomes the cup or bur of the nut. Ovary 
3-celled, 6-ovuled, only 1 ovule maturing.—About 600 species in sub¬ 
tropical and temperate northern hemisphere. The family is important be¬ 
cause including so many species with strong tough wood. 
Fruit an acorn ; catkins simple. 
Catkins unisexual, the staminate drooping . 1 . Quercus-. 
Catkins erect, all with staminate flowers, pistillate flowers at base of some 
of them..2. Lithocarpus. 
Fruit a spiny bur; catkins erect, often branching, unisexual, or with pistillate 
flowers at base of some of the staminate catkins. 3. Castanopsis. 
1. QUERCUS L. Oak 
Flowers greenish or yellowish. Staminate catkins commonly pendu¬ 
lous. Pistillate flowers 1 to each involucre, which becomes the woody 
cup of the acorn. Seed with thick fleshy cotyledons. (Latin name of 
the oak.) 
Bark commonly white or whitish, wood light-colored; stamens mostly 6 to 9; 
stigmas sessile or nearly so ; abortive ovules mostly toward base of nut.— 
White Oaks. 
Acorns maturing the first autumn ; nut glabrous on the inner surface. 
Deciduous species; trees. 
Branchlets pendulous; acorn cups deep, the nut long and slender; 
trunk bark dark brown, deeply checked.1. Q. lobata. 
Branchlets not pendulous; acorn cups shallow; trunk bark white, 
smoothish. 
Leaves dark lustrous green above, rusty or pale beneath, 5 to 
7-parted.2. Q. garryana. 
Leaves bluish-green above, pale beneath, coarsely toothed or 
entire.3. Q. douglasii. 
