72 
FAGACEAE 
Evergreen species; shrubs; leaves light green.4. Q. dumosa. 
Acorns maturing the second autumn; nut tomentose or hairy within ; ever¬ 
green ; leaves entire or spinose-toothed.5. Q. chrysolepis. 
Bark dark or black; wood dark or reddish; stamens 4 to 6; stigmas on long styles; 
nuts tomentose within. —Black Oaks. 
Acorns maturing the first autumn; leaves roundish, mostly a little cupped ; 
evergreen .6. Q. agrifolia. 
Acorns maturing the second autumn. 
Leaves oblong, entire or spiny-toothed, plane ; evergreen....7.Q, wisilizenii. 
Leaves pinnately parted or toothed, the lobes always bristle-tipped ; de¬ 
ciduous species.8. Q. kelloggii. 
1. Q. lobata Nee. Valley Oak. Graceful tree 9 to 17 m. high, com¬ 
monly with wide-spreading branches, the long hanging branchlets some¬ 
times sweeping the ground; leaves broadly oblong or obovate, with shal¬ 
lowly or deeply pinnate lobes, 6 to 9.6 cm. long; nut long-conical, 3 to 5.4 
cm. long, chestnut-brown when fully ripe; cup of the acorn with strongly 
tuberculate scales.—Rich valley lands. The wood is hard, brittle, rot¬ 
ting quickly, used for fuel and rarely for fence posts. 
2. Q. garryana Dough Oregon Oak. Tree 8 to 20 m. high, the 
branchlets rigid, not drooping, more woolly-pubescent than in the last; 
leaves obovate or oblong, pinnately cleft into 5 or 7 lobes with mostly 
narrow sinuses, dark green above, rusty or brown beneath; acorri 2.4 to 
3 cm. long; nut subglobose or oblong-cylindric, commonly obtuse; cup 
shallow, its scales thin, rarely tuberculate.—Coast Ranges from the Santa 
Cruz Mts. n. The wood is straight-grained, remarkably white and fairly 
strong. It is used for furniture and interior fipish. 
3. Q. douglasii H. & A. Blue Oak. Tree 5 to 9 m. high with 
round-topped head ; leaves oblong, oval or obovate, bluish-green above, 
mostly yellowish and pubescent beneath; margin with commonly shallow 
sinuses or coarsely toothed or entire, 4.8 to 7.2 cm. long; acorn 1.8 to 
3.6 cm. long; nut oval, often swollen at or below the middle; cup thin, 
very shallow. —Dry foothills. The wood is close-grained, hard and 
brittle. It is extensively used for fuel. 
4. Q. dumosa Nutt. Scrub Oak. Shrub 6 to 23 dm. high, with tough 
rigid branchlets; leaves oblong to elliptic or roundish, irregularly spinose- 
serrate or lobed with angular sinuses, or entire, 1.8 to 2.4 cm. long; 
acorn 1.8 to 2.7 cm. long; cup saucer-shaped; nut oval to cylindric.— 
Chaparral slopes; highly variable. 
5. Q. chrysolepis Liebm. Maul Oak. Tree 8 to 11 m. high, or on ex¬ 
posed summits a low shrub; leaves mostly ovate and acute, entire or 
often spinose-toothed, pale green above, golden beneath or eventually 
lead-color, 2.4 to 7.2 cm. long; acorn 1.2 to 4.8 cm. long; nut oval or 
ovate, 1.2 to 4.8 cm. long; cup shallow, typically like a yellow turban.— 
Higher ridges and canon walls. The wood is hard, strong, very fine¬ 
grained, very tough and is used for mauls, tool-handles, machine bear¬ 
ings, wagon parts, furniture and floors. 
6. Q. agrifolia Ne.e. Coast Live Oak. Tree with broad low top, 5 
to 11 m. high; leaves oblong to roundish, spinose-toothed or entire, 3.6 to 
7.2 cm. long; acorn 1.8 to 3.6 cm. long; nut elongated-ovate; cup top¬ 
shaped, the scales thin.—Coast Range valleys and mountains. The wood 
