RHAMNACEAE 
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fall ng off without opening. Ovary surrounded by a nectar-secreting disk 
which fills the short truncate calyx. (Classical Latin name.) 
1. V. californica Benth. California Wild Grape. Leaves for the 
most part slightly or not at all lobed, coarsely or minutely dentate; fruit¬ 
ing clusters 4.8 to 9.6 cm. long, the fruit purple, with a bloom, 6 or 8 mm. 
in diameter.—Along streams, climbing trees and often enshrouding them 
completely in its drapery of foliage. 
2. V. vinifera L. Common Grape Vine. Leaves lobed or sinuately 
toothed, glabrous or downy; fruiting clusters ovate or cylindrical, loose 
or crowded; fruit purple, blue, black, white, pink or red.—Cult, from Asia 
Minor, the original wild stock of the horticultural varieties known as 
Muscat, Chasselas, Tokay, Morocco, Zinfandel, Rose of Peru, Mission, 
Sweetwater, and many others. The latter varieties are wine grapes, of 
which large quantities are grown in California. Before 1918 prices aver¬ 
aged $5.00 to $25.00 a ton; since 1918 the average has been about $80.00 
to $125.00 a ton. 
2. AMPELOPSIS Michx. 
Climbing plants, the tendrils fixing themselves by sucker-like disks at 
the tips. Leaves palmately compound. Leaflets 5, or even only 1, rarely 
3. Petals thick, expanding before they fall. Berry bluish-black. (Greek 
ampelos, vine, and opsis, likeness.) 
1. A. tricuspidata Sieb. & Zucc. Japanese Ivy. Boston Ivy. Branch¬ 
ing profusely and covering walls, adhering by much-branched tendrils; 
leaves rarely with 3, commonly with 1 leaflet which is jointed to the 
petiole and falls in autumn before the petiole falls; leaflets very variable, 
roundish, ovate or cordate, serrate, commonly 3-lobed, thickish and shin¬ 
ing. —Cult, from Japan. 
2. A. quinquefolia Michx. Virginia Creeper. Climbing extensive¬ 
ly ; leaflets 5, lance-oblong, coarsely serrate, changing to crimson in 
autumn.—Cult, from the eastern United States. 
RHAMNACEAE. BUCKTHORN FAMILY 
Shrubs or small trees with simple leaves and caducous stipules. 
Flowers small, regular, stamens, petals and lobes of the calyx 4 or 5. 
Petals inserted with the stamens on a disk lining the calyx-tube, some¬ 
times none, commonly with claws. Stamens opposite the petals. Ovary 
3- (2 to 4-) celled, free or adnate to base of calyx. Style simple or 
3- (2 to 4-) cleft. Fruit a pod or berry-like.—About 550 species, gener¬ 
ally distributed over the earth. 
Calyx free from the ovary; fruit a berry.1. Rhamnus. 
Calyx adnate to base of ovary; fruit a dry pod.2. Ceanothus. 
1. RHAMNUS L. Buckthorn 
Leaves alternate. Flowers greenish, in axillary clusters. Petals small 
or none. Fruit berry-like, containing 2 to 4 seed-like bony nutlets. (The 
ancient Greek name.) 
Flowers with petals; berry black. 
Evergreen shrub; leaves thickish; common, wide spread.1. R. californica. 
Small deciduous tree ; leaves thinnish; North Coast Ranges....2. R. purshiana. 
Flowers without petals, or the petals very minute; berry red.3. R. crocea. 
