76 
RHAMNACEAE 
1. R. californica Esch. Coffee Berry. Evergreen shrub, 11.5 to 20 
dm. high; leaves oblong, 2.4 to 4.8 cm. long; petals minute; berry globose 
or oval, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter.—Common everywhere in hill country. 
The dry fruits were used in early days as a substitute for the coffee bean. 
2. R. purshiana DC. Cascara Sagrada. Small deciduous tree; leaves 
elliptic-oblong, thinnish, obtuse or blunt-pointed at apex, serrulate, mostly 
7.2 to 14.4 cm. long; parts of the flowers in fives.—Mendocino Co. and n. 
to Wn. The bark furnishes the officinal drug Cascara, which is one of 
the most valuable of cathartics. 
3. R. crocea Nutt. Red-berry. Low evergreen shrub 1 to 8 dm. high; 
branches slender, flexible; herbage glabrous; leaves often fascicled, nar¬ 
rowly elliptic, serrulate, green above, yellowish beneath, 2 to 8 mm. long; 
calyx-lobes and stamens 4; berry 4 to 6 mm. long.—Coast Ranges. Var. 
ilicifolia Greene. Often tree-like, 14 to 28 dm. high; branchlets short 
and stout; leaves oval, 1.4 to 2 cm. long; calyx-lobes and stamens fre¬ 
quently 5. —Interior ranges mainly. 
2. CEANOTHUS L. Mountain Lilac 
Flowers in racemes, panicles or umbels. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, 
hooded. Stamens 5, long-exserted. Style 3-cleft. Fruit sub-globose, 3- 
lobed, splitting into 3 valves. (Greek keanothus, name used by Dioscori- 
des to designate some spiny plant.) 
Leaves alternate; stipules deciduous; fruit smooth or crested; flowers in racemes 
or panicles. 
Branches flexible, not spinescent. 
Panicles mostly simple ; leaves mostly pinnately nerved. 
Branches terete ; low or prostrate shrubs. 
Leaf margin flat, leaves glossy above.1. C. foliosus. 
Leaf margin revolute. 
Upper surface papillate all over; panicle oblong. 
2. C. papillosus. 
Upper surface papillate on margin; panicle subglobose. 
3. C. dentatus. 
Branchlets angular; tall shrubs or small trees. 
Leaves strongly 3-nerved, plane.4. C. thyrsiflorus. 
Leaves pinnately veined, with revolute edges.5. C. parryi. 
Panicles large and compound ; leaves mostly 3-nerved ; tall shrub. 
6. C. integerrimus. 
Branches rigid or spinescent. 
Capsules mostly crestless; flowers white or blue. 
Branchlets with greenish or brownish bark, flexible ; spines slender, 
axillary, mostly leafless; leaves pinnately veined. 
7. C. spinosus. 
Branchlets with whitish bark, rigid; leafless spines none; leaves 
3-nerved.8. C. divaricatus . 
Capsules crested. 
Panicles simple, commonly cylindric; branchlets not spiny or not 
markedly so; flowers blue.9. C. sorediatus. 
Panicles compound, not cylindric; branchlets spiny; flowers white.... 
10. C. incanus. 
Leaves usually opposite; stipules warty, persistent; fruit with a horn on each 
lobe ; flowers in umbel-like clusters. 
Leaves alternate or rarely opposite; flowers white.11. C. macrocarpus. 
Leaves opposite. 
Leaves not revolute, usually entire.12. C. cuneatus. 
Leaves somewhat revolute, frequently dentate. 
Lower surface of leaves tomentulose-areolate.13. C. jepsonii. 
Lower surface of leaves densely white-tomentose....l4. C. crassifolius. 
