VIOLET FAMILY 
81 
spurred at base. Two lower stamens bearing spurs which project into the 
spur of the corolla. Style club-shaped. (Old Latin name used by 
Virgil.) 
Leaves divided or parted. 
Leaves pinnately twice-parted; petals orange-yellow, the two upper brownish 
externally . 1 . V. douglasii. 
Leaves palmately cleft or divided; petals yellow, purple externally.. -.. 
T , 2. V. lobata. 
Leaves undivided 
Flowers yellow. 
Steins prostrate, stolon-like .3. V. sarmentosa. 
Steins erect 
Peduncles 3.6 cm. long, mostly shorter than the leaves. 
4. V. glabella. 
Peduncles surpassing the leaves. 
Peduncles 9.6 to 12 cm. long; leaves round-ovate, usually with 
truncate base . 5. V. pedunculata. 
Peduncles 4.8 to 9.6 cm. long; leaves rhombic-ovate to oblong. .. 
6. V. purpurea. 
Flowers not yellow. 
Lateral and lower petals white or yellow with # a deep purple spot at 
base ; leaves triangular-ovate...7. V. ocellata. 
Petals blue or violet (rarely white) ; leaves round-ovate.8. V. canina. 
1. V. douglasii Steud. Leaves all basal, arising from a deeply 
seated short rootstock, bipinnatifid into narrow segments; peduncles 4.8 to 
12 cm. long, equaling or exceeding.the leaves; petals orange-yellow, 
brownish on the outside, the others purple-veined, the lateral beardless.— 
Open hillsides. 
2. V. lobata Benth. Pine Violet. Stems erect, naked below, 9.6 to 
33.6 cm. high; leaves ovate or roundish, cordate at base, palmately 3 to 
5-cleft or -divided, 2.4 to 4.8 cm. long; petals yellow, purple on the out¬ 
side.—Woods, often under Yellow Pine. 
3. V. sarmentosa Dougl. Wood V iolet. Stems prostrate, stolon-like, 
sparsely leafy; leaves ovate-cordate, 1.2 to 3 cm. broad, mostly shorter 
than the peduncles ; petals uniform light yellow.—Woods. 
4. V. glabella Nutt. Stems from a short fleshy rootstock, erect, 
slender, naked or sparingly leafy below, 1.6 to 2.8 dm. high; leaves kid¬ 
ney-shaped or cordate, 3.6 to 9 cm. broad, the basal on petioles 9.6 to 
26.4 cm. long, the upper on petioles 8 to 12 mm. long; peduncles about 
3.6 cm. long; petals bright yellow, more or less purple-veined.—Wet 
places in woods. 
5. V. pedunculata T. & G. Yellow Pansy. Peduncles erect, 9.6 or 
12 cm. long, much surpassing the leaves, borne on very short stems which 
arise from a thick and short deeply seated rootstock; leaves round-ovate, 
truncate at base, crenate, 1.2 to 3 cm. long, on petioles 2.4 to 4.8 cm. 
broad; petals golden yellow, the upper dark brown on the outside, the 
others purple-veined within, the lateral bearded.—Open hills. 
6. V. purpurea Kell. Mountain Violet. Plants tufted, 7.2 to 14.4 
cm. high, the stem very short; leaves 1.8 to 3 cm. long; petals yellow, 
brownish-purple on the outside.—Mountain ridges. 
7. V. ocellata T. & G. Western Heartsease. Stems from creeping 
rootstocks, erect, 12 to 28.8 cm. high; leaves cordate-triangular or ovate, 
2.4 to 6 cm. long, the basal long-petioled, the upper short-petioled; stipules 
