90 
ROSACEAE 
incised above the entire base, 1.8 to 7.2 cm. long; panicle in flower often 
half-drooping; flowers 3 mm. long.—Wooded canons. 
3. RUBUS L. 
Erect trailing or climbing bushes. Leaves simple or pinnate. Stamens 
numerous. Pistils many, crowded on an elevated receptacle, becoming 
drupelets which are united to each other and form the fruit called a 
berry. (Latin name, allied to ruber, red.) 
Berry conical or hemispherical and concave beneath (the drupelets parting from 
the receptacle as a whole). 
Stem unarmed; flowers white; leaves simple.1. R. parviflorus. 
Stem prickly, particularly sterile shoots; leaves compound. 
Flowers red; leaves pubescent or silky beneath, deciduous; berry red 
or yellow..2. R. spectabilis. 
Flowers white; leaves white-tomentose beneath, evergreen ; berry black 
or red.3. R. leucodennis. 
Berry broadly oblong, the drupelets persistent on the receptacle; flowers wdiite ; 
leaves mostly with 3 to 5 leaflets, or a few simple.4. R. vitifolius. 
1. R. parviflorus Nutt. Thimble-berry. Stems 8.6 to 20 dm. high; 
leaves circular in outline, palmately 5 to 7-lobed, 7.2 to 16.8 cm. broad ; 
flowers in corymbs, 2.4 to 4.2 cm. broad, variable in the number of sepals 
and petals; calyx-lobes ovate, terminated by a foliaceous appendage; 
petals elliptic; berry red, low-hemispherical.—Canon streams near the 
coast. 
2. R. spectabilis Pursh. Salmon-berry. Stems 8.6 to 25 dm. high; 
leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets ovate, doubly serrate, more or less lobed, 2.4 to 
4.8 cm. long; flowers 1 to 3 in a cluster; petals 1.2 cm. long; berry large, 
red or yellow.—Margins of 
woods and along streams, 
near the coast. Var. men- 
ziesii Wats. Leaves pubes¬ 
cent or silky beneath.—Cent. 
Cal. coast. 
3. R. leucodermis Dough 
Western Raspberry. Stems 
long and straggling, armed 
with short recurved prickles; 
herbage glaucous; leaflets 3, 
ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 
doubly serrate, green above, 
white with a close tomentum 
beneath, 1.8 to 4.8 cm. long; 
flowers few in a corymb, 1.2 
cm. broad; berry black or 
red.—Mountains. 
4. R. vitifolius C. & S. 
California Blackberry. 
Fig. 2. Stems low and erect, , ,. „ 
or long and trailing or climb- Fig . 2 . Rubus vitifolius c . & S. a, compound 
mg; leaves pmnately 3 to 5- leaf x %; b. simple leaf x c, fl. with 
foliolate (with ovate doubly stamens X 1 ; d, fl. with pistils X 1. 
