PARSLEY FAMILY 
117 
10. APIUM L. 
Erect glabrous biennials with fibrous roots and pinnate leaves, the 
stems branching. Umbels compound, opposite the leaves. Flowers white. 
Fruit elliptic-ovate or broader than long, with prominent ribs. (Old 
Latin name of celery.) 
1. A. graveolens L. Common Celery. Stems 6 to 11.5 dm. high; 
lower leaves long-petioled; upper leaves short-petioled or sessile, the 
leaflets 3.—Garden plant from Eur.; also nat. in marshes and along 
streams. The blanched leaf-stalks are eaten raw and also cooked. 
11. CARUM L. 
Erect slender glabrous biennials or perennials. Leaves pinnate with 
few linear leaflets. Flowers white, in compound umbels. Bracts entire 
or none. Bractlets entire. Fruit ovate or oblong with filiform ribs. Oil- 
tubes solitary in the intervals. (Karon, Greek name of the caraway.) 
Perennial herbs; native species. 
Stems clustered, from a fascicle of coarse roots .1. C. kelloggii. 
Stems solitary, from a tuber or cluster of tubers .2. C. gairdneri. 
Annual or biennial herbs ; garden plants. 
Flowers white.3. C. carui. 
Flowers greenish-yellow.4. C. petroselinum. 
1. C. kelloggii Gray. Stems 8.6 to 14 dm. high; basal leaves 12 to 24 
cm. long, ternate, each division pinnate with linear divisions; stem leaves 
smaller; bracts and bractlets lanceolate or subulate; rays 1.8 to 3.6 cm. 
long.—Dry open foothills. 
2. C. gairdneri Gray. Squaw Root. Stems 3 to 9 dm. high; leaves 
few, simply pinnate; leaflets 3 to 7, linear; upper leaves mostly simple; 
bracts 1 or 2 or none; bractlets few; fruit broadly oblong to elliptic.— 
Adobe flats or meadows or hill slopes. 
3. C. carui L. Caraway. Stems 3 to 6 dm. high; leaves pinnate; 
leaflets filiform.—Cult, from Eur. for its seed-like fruits which are used 
in flavoring bread and cakes. 
4. C. petroselinum Benth. Parsley. Leaves ternate-pinnate; leaflets 
ovate, 3-lobed or incised.—Cult, from Eur. for its pleasant-flavored fo¬ 
liage which is used for garnishing meats and fish. 
12. CICUTA L. Water Hemlock 
Tall branching perennials. Leaves at least partially twice or thrice 
pinnate. Flowers white, in compound umbels. Fruit flattened laterally, 
broadly ovate to roundish ; ribs corky, broad, low, the lateral largest. 
(Classical name of the hemlock, which was given to criminals and some¬ 
times, when the Greeks had a superfluity, to philosophers, as a death 
poison.) 
1. C. douglasii (DC.) C. & R. Western Water Hemlock. Stems 
stout, glaucous, 8.6 to 11.5 dm. high; herbage often purplish; leaves 
bipinnate, the leaflets sessile, lanceolate, serrate; fruit sub-orbicular, with 
light-colored ribs and red-brown intervals.—Along streams and in 
marshes in the mountains. Its root is poisonous to cattle. 
13. VELAEA DC. 
Subglabrous perennials with thick yellow elongated odorous tap roots. 
Leaves pinnately or ternately compound. Flowers in compound umbels. 
