FIGWORT FAMILY 
143 
Corolla from strongly 2-lipped to nearly regular; sterile filament con¬ 
spicuous, often equaling the fertile ones.3. Pentstemon. 
Fifth stamen wholly absent. 
Stamens 4 ; corolla tubular or funnelform, 2-lipped ; calyx 5-angled. 
Shrubs. 4. Diplacus, 
Herbs.. 5. Mimulus. 
Stamens 2 ; corolla nearly rotate, 4-cleft; calyx 4-parted. 6. Veronica. 
B. Leaves alternate. 
Calyx tubular, 4-cleft, or cleft before and behind with the lobes entire or 2-cleft. 
Upper lip long and narrow, very much exceeding the small 3-toothed lower lip ; 
bracts with colored tips.7. Castilleia. 
Upper lip similar to preceding, but little or not at all exceeding the conspicu¬ 
ously 3-saccate lower lip ; bracts with or without colored tips. 
8. Orthocarpus. 
Calyx narrowly campanulate, 5-toothed; upper lip of corolla long, arched, the 
lower very short, of 3 small lobes.9. Pedicularis. 
1. COLLINSIA Nutt. 
Low slender annuals with the flowers in whorls. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla 
2-lipped, its tube short, the abruptly expanded throat forming ^n angle 
with it; upper lip 2-cleft; lower lip larger, 3-lobed, the middle lobe sac- 
like or keel-shaped and inclosing the 4 declined stamens and styles. Gland 
at base of corolla on upper side representing fifth stamen. (Zaccheus 
Collins, American botanist of Philadelphia, 1764-1831.) 
Flowers solitary or in whorls of 2 or 3, some or all the pedicels much longer than 
the flowers .. .. 1 . C. sparsiflora. 
Flowers crowded in whorls, with short pedicels or almost sessile. 
Corolla rose-purple or violet, the upper lip paler ; herbage not staining brown.. 
2. C. bicolor. 
Corolla white to yellowish; herbage staining brownish.3. C. tinctoria „ 
1. C. sparsiflora F. & M. About 1.4 dm. high, freely branching; 
herbage reddish; lowest leaves elliptical, 6 mm. long, on petioles nearly 
as long, the upper oblong to linear, becoming gradually sessile; corolla 
8 to 12 mm. long, bluish or purplish, sometimes yellowish at base; upper 
pair of filaments hairy, as in all the following.—Low fields or wet hill¬ 
sides.—Var. franciscana Jepson. Stouter, 1.4 to 4.3 dm. high; leaves 
ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 5 in a whorl.—Sandy lands near coast. 
2. C. bicolor Benth. Chinese Houses. Simple or branching from 
the middle, 1 to 4 dm. high; leaves oblong, serrulate; calyx-lobes com¬ 
monly lanceolate, acute; corolla rather less than 2.4 cm. long, rose-purple 
or violet, the upper lip conspicuous, more or less white ; throat saccate, 
bristly within, oblique with the tube.—Edges of woods, common. 
3. C. tinctoria Hartw. Stems stoutish, simple or diffusely branching, 
2.5 to 5.5 dm. long; corolla declined a little below the horizontal, the 
throat at right angles with the tube; upper lip very short, with 2 trans¬ 
verse purple lines.—Wooded hillsides, Sierra foothills, rare in the Coast 
Ranges. 
2. SCROPHULARIA L. Figwort 
Tall herbs with small lurid red flowers in a terminal panicle. Calyx 
deeply 5-cleft. Corolla-tube somewhat globular, the 2 upper and 2 lat¬ 
eral lobes erect, the short lower one deflexed. Stamens 4, declined, a 
fifth sterile stamen adnate to the corolla-tube on upper side. (Latin 
scrofulae, the plant a one-time remedy for scrofula.) 
