CAPRIFOLIACEAE 
151 
1. G. aparine L. Goose-Grass. Diffuse or climbing over herbaceous 
plants, or erect and low; herbage hispidulous, roughened; leaves 1.2 to 3 
cm. long; fruit 2 to 3 mm. in diameter.—Common in shady or grassy 
places among the hills; widely distributed. 
2. G. triflorum Michx. Sweet-scented Bedstraw. Slender, erect or 
reclining, 2 to 4 dm. high, with leafy stems; leaves in whorls of 6; flowers 
2 or 3 in a cyme; fruit less than 2 mm. in diameter.—Woody thickets, 
North Coast Ranges. 
3. G. andrewsii Gray. Plants commonly densely matted; flowering 
stems erect, the prostrate stems rooting at the joints; herbage grayish; 
leaves 4 to 9 mm. long; flowers perfect; fruit glabrous, berry-like.— 
High dry ridges of the inner ranges. 
4. G. califomicum H. & A. Plants 7 to 19 cm. high, erect or diffuse; 
leaves ovate, 4 to 10 mm. long; flowers dioeciously polygamous, the per¬ 
fect axillary, the sterile ones terminal; fruit glabrous or nearly so.— 
Common on open hills of the Coast Ranges. 
5. G. nuttallii Gray. Branches often tinged red or purple, very leafy; 
leaves oval to linear-oblong, thickish. 2 to 8 mm. long; flowers perfect; 
fruit glabrous.—Common in thickets, Coast Ranges. 
2. CEPHALANTHUS L. 
Shrub. Leaves opposite or in 3s, with stipules. Flowers white, in 
dense globose heads. Calyx inversely pyramidal, its limb 4-toothed. 
Corolla slender-funnelform, its limb 4-cleft. Style filiform, exserted. 
Fruit obpyramidal, at length splitting into 2 to 4 one-seeded portions. 
(Greek kephale, head, and anthos, flower.) 
1. C. occidentalis L. Button-willow. Two to 8 m. high; leaves 
oblong-ovate, 6.6 to 7.8 cm. long; heads 1.8 to 2.4 cm. broad, long- 
peduncled.—Banks of interior streams. 
CAPRIFOLIACEAE. HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY 
Erect or twining shrubs with opposite leaves. Calyx-tube adnate to 
ovary, the toothed limb commonly insignificant. Corolla regular or ir¬ 
regular, 5 (or 4)-lobed. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla, 
inserted on its tube or base. Ovary 2 to 5-celled. Style 1. Fruit a 
berry or berry-like.—Species about 320, mostly north temperate zone. 
Leaves pinnately compound; corolla rotate, regular . 1 . Sambucus. 
Leaves simple. 
Corolla regular ; berry white. 2. Symphoricarpos. 
Corolla tubular, 2-lipped or regular; berry red or black. 3. Lonicera. 
1. SAMBUCUS L. Elder 
Shrubs or small trees with pinnate leaves and serrate leaflets. Flowers 
small, white, in a terminal compound cyme. Corolla regular, rotate, deep¬ 
ly 5-lobed. Ovary 3 to 5-celled. Style short. Stigmas 3 to 5. (Greek 
sambuke, a musical instrument, said to have been made of elder wood.) 
Cyme flat-topped; berries blue.1. 3 1 . glauca. 
Cyme dome-shaped or ovate; berries red.....2. S. racemosa. 
1. S. glauca Nutt. Blue Elderberry. Bushy or tree-like, 1 to 4 m. 
high; leaflets 5 to 7, lanceolate to ovate or obovate; flowers in a flat- 
