SUNFLOWER FAMILY 
159 
linear, becoming - filiform, 3,6 to 4.8 cm. long ; rays none or rarely present. 
—Higher Coast Range hills; Sierra Nevada. 
5. ASTER L. Aster 
Herbs. Heads usually numerous, paniculate, corymbose or racemose, 
sometimes solitary. Involucre campanulate to hemispherical. Bracts in 
several ranks, often imbricated, foliaceous or merely green-tipped. Disk- 
flowery yellow, sometimes changing to purple or brown. Receptacle flat. 
Pappus of simple capillary bristles. (Greek astere, a star, from the star- 
like head of flowers.) 
1. A. chilensis Nees. Common Aster. Stems 5 to 10 dm. high, vil¬ 
lous-pubescent or more or less glabrous; leaves lanceolate, sessile, entire, 
the basal oblong-spatulate, remotely serrate and petioled, all with sca- 
brous-ciliolate margins; involucral bracts green-tipped; rays white, lav¬ 
ender or bluish.—Coastal region. 
6. ERIGERON L. Fleabane 
Herbs with generally sessile leaves and solitary, paniculate or corym¬ 
bose heads. Disk-flowers yellow, ray-flowers usually numerous, white, 
purple or yellow, the ligules filiform. Involucral bracts narrow, little 
imbricated. Receptacle flat or convex. Pappus of simple capillary 
bristles. (Greek eri, early, and geron, an old man, “old man in spring.”) 
1. E. canadense L. Horseweed, Stems paniculately branching, 5.7 
to 14 dm. high; leaves linear to lanceolate; heads very numerous in a 
many-branched panicle; involucral bracts scarious-margined; rays in¬ 
conspicuous, white.—Waste or half-cultivated lands ; nat. from Eur. 
7. BACCHARIS L. 
Perennial herbs or shrubs, commonly resinous or glutinous, with striate 
or angled branches. Heads discoid, many-flowered, borne singly or in 
clusters. Involucre imbricated. Flowers whitish or yellowish, dioecious. 
Staminate flowers with tubular corolla. Pistillate flowers with thread¬ 
like corolla. Pappus of capillary bristles. (The god Bacchus.) 
Achenes 10-nerved; leaves obovate.1. B. pilularis. 
Achenes 5-nerved. 
Shrubs ; leaves willow-like.2. B. viminea. 
Herbs; leaves resinous.3. B. douglasii. 
1. B. pilularis DC. Coyote Brush. Chaparral Broom. Shrub 10 
to 17 dm. high; leaves sessile, 6 to 24 mm. long; heads subglobose; in¬ 
volucral bracts oblong; pappus minutely scabrous, dilated at apex into a 
bent lanceolate appendage.—Low hills, high mountain slopes or coast 
sand dunes. 
2. B. viminea DC. Mule Fat, Leafy shrub with many slender 
branching stems 11 to 23 dm. high; leaves lanceolate or oblong; heads 
narrow, clustered; involucral bracts broadly lanceolate with scarious 
margins; pappus nearly smooth.—Beds of flood streams and rivers. 
3. B. douglasii DC. Stems simple, 11 to 14 dm. high; herbage glu- 
tinuous; leaves lanceolate, acute, serrate; heads numerous in a terminal 
compound corymb; involucral bracts linear or lanceolate-linear with 
greenish center.—Moist lowlands from San Francisco Bay southw. 
