SUNFLOWER FAMILY 
161 
awns at the angles. (Capt. Nath. J. Wyeth, with whom Thos. Nuttall 
crossed the continent in 1834.) 
Heads relatively small; bracts of the involucres shorter than or little surpassing 
the disk.1. W. angustifolia. 
Heads very large and broad ; outer bracts of the involucre much surpassing the 
disk. 
Herbage minutely or floccose tomentose.2. W. helenioides . 
Herbage glabrous but minutely resinous.3. W. glabra. 
1. W. angustifolia Nutt. Steins 2.8 to 5.7 dm. high; leaves elongated- 
lanceolate to oblong-ovate, mostly entire; involucral bracts numerous, 
oblong-ovate to linear, ciliate; rays 4.2 to 4.8 cm. long; achenes bearing 1 
or 2, or more stout awns with some chaffy scales.—Open plains and low 
hills. 
2. W. helenioides Nutt. Stems 2.8 to 5.7 dm. high; basal leaves large, 
stem leaves much smaller; heads 7.2 cm. broad, including rays; outer 
bracts of involucre ovate-lanceolate or ovate.—Foothills and bordering 
plains. 
3. W. glabra Gray. Mule-ears. Similar to no. 2; herbage green 
and glabrous throughout; achenes and pappus glabrous.—Open hills, 
Napa Co. to San Luis Obispo Co. 
11. HELIANTHUS L. Sunflower 
Stout coarse herbs with simple leaves, all but the lowest alternate. 
Heads large. Rays yellow. Disk brownish. Bracts of the involucre im¬ 
bricated. Bracts of the receptacle persistent, embracing the 4-sided 
achenes. Pappus consisting of pointed paleae borne at the angles of the 
achene. (Greek helios, sun, and anthos, flower, the heads turning 
towards the sun.) 
Annuals ; receptacle flat or nearly so. 
Involucral bracts ovate, abruptly attenuate.1. H. annuus. 
Involucral bracts lanceolate, gradually attenuate.2. H. bolanderi. 
Perennials ; receptacle convex to low-conical; bracts with long spreading tail-like 
tips...3. H. californicus. 
1. H. annuus L. Common Sunflower. Stems simple or branch¬ 
ing, 8.6 to 23 dm. high; herbage rough-hispid; leaves deltoid-ovate, ser¬ 
rate, the upper narrow and often entire; bracts of the involucre ovate, 
slenderly acuminate; rays 2.4 to 3.6 cm. long.—Native of America; it 
has been cultivated from remote antiquity, but the wild ancestor is un¬ 
known. It runs wild in Cal. from cultivation. 
2. H. bolanderi Gray. Stems erect or branching, scabrous-hispid, 
2.8 to 8.6 dm. high; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, serrate or entire; 
rays 1.6 cm. long; disk purple; bracts of the involucre hirsute, oblong- 
lanceolate, acuminate.—Low grain fields of the Sacramento Valley, w. to 
the coast. 
3. H. calif ornicus DC. California Sunflower. Fig. 7. Stems 
from somewhat tuber-like roots, 1 to 3 m. high; leaves oblong to lanceo¬ 
late, the larger 3-ribbed; bracts of involucre lanceolate, with long tail¬ 
like tips; rays 2.4 cm. or more long.—Stream beds and banks, Coast 
Ranges, Great Valley. 
12. COREOPSIS Cav. 
Ours annuals. Leaves dissected, all basal or nearly so. Flowers yel- 
