SUNFLOWER FAMILY 
163 
4. H. virgata Gray. Stem branching at middle into virgate branches 
bearing numerous racemosely disposed heads on short lateral branch- 
lets ; leaves linear.—Plains of the Great Valley and valleys of the inner 
South Coast Ranges; s. to S. Cal. 
5. H. pungens T. & G. Common Spikeweed. Stems branching, 2.8 
to 8.6 dm. high; leaves linear-subulate, spinose, entire, the lower pin- 
nately parted; pappus none.—Plains of the Great Valley and s. to S. Cal. 
Often covering tens of thousands of acres on the alkaline plains and form¬ 
ing dense spiny thickets. It is a valued bee plant in the San Joaquin 
and many tons of spikeweed honey are produced. 
15. LAYIA H. & A. 
Annuals with alternate leaves and showy heads of flowers. Ray-flowers 
8 to 20, yellow or white, or yellow tipped with white. Disk-flowers yel¬ 
low. Bracts in a single row, herbaceous, the thin margins at base en¬ 
folding the achene. Receptacle broad and flat, with a row of thin bracts 
between ray and disk-flowers. Ray-achenes without pappus. Disk- 
achenes with a pappus of 5 to 20 paleae or bristles, rarely none. (G. 
T. Lay, botanist to the Beechey Expedition which visited California in 
1827.) 
L L. platyglossa (F. & M.) Gray. Tidy Tips. Simple or branching, 
2 to 3.8 dm. high; herbage stipitate-glandular; leaves linear, entire or the 
lower pinnatifid; bracts of the involucre linear, denticulate-ciliate on the 
lower half; rays about 13, 1.2 cm. long, sulphur-yellow with white tips; 
achenes silky ; pappus-bristles naked.—Valleys and plains. 
2. L. glandulosa (Hook.) H. & A. Branching, 2 to 3 dm. high; 
leaves (and stems near the heads) with dark stipitate glands; leaves 
lanceolate or linear, the lower pinnatifid; rays 8 to 10, pure white, 1.2 to 
1.4 cm. long; pappus-bristles 10 to 12, white, with straight hairs toward 
the base outside and woolly tangled hairs inside.—Hills and valleys. 
16. ACHYRACHAENA Schauer 
Soft-pubescent annual with narrow leaves, the lower opposite. In¬ 
volucre oblong-campanulate, the bracts herbaceous, each enfolding a 
ray-achene. Bracts of receptacle in a single outer series. Flowers 
golden-yellow, aging reddish-brown. Ray-flowers 5 to 8, their ligules 
short and broad. Disk-achenes with pappus of silvery scales. (Greek 
achuron, chaff, and Latin achaenium, an achene, the very chaffy pappus 
conspicuous on the fruit.) 
1. A. mollis Schauer. Blow-wives. Erect, simple or branching, 2 
to 4 dm. high; branches each 1-headed.—Adobe soil of plains and 
valleys. 
17. IVA L. 
Coarse perennial herbs with entire leaves, all but the lower alternate. 
Flowers greenish-white in small nodding spicate heads. Involucre hemi¬ 
spherical, its rounded bracts about 5. Receptacle with chaff-like linear 
bracts. Marginal flowers with tubular corollas. Disk-flowers sterile, 
with 5-lobed funnelform corollas. (Said to be named after Ajuga iva 
of the mint family, on account of the similar odor.) 
1. I. axillaris Pursh. Poverty Weed. Stems many, erect from a 
