166 
COMPOSITAE 
imbricated in several series. Receptacle conical, chaffy toward the sum¬ 
mit. Pappus none. (Ancient Greek name of the chamomile.) 
1. A. cotula L. Dog-fennel. Plants 3 to 8.5 dm. high; heads 1.8 
cm. broad; rays 14 to 20, at length reflexed.—Nat. from Eur., a weed in 
waste lands. Also called Mayweed and Trail weed. 
26. ACHILLEA L. Yarrow 
Perennial herbs with alternate leaves pinnately divided into many fine 
segments. Heads in a terminal corymb. Ravs few, white. Disk- 
flowers yellow. Involucre oblong or ovoid, its bracts imbricated, with 
scarious margins. Receptacle chaffy, nearly flat. Achenes flattened. 
Pappus none. (In honor of Achilles.) 
1. A. millefolium L. Common Yarrow. Stem simple, 5.8 to 8.6 dm. 
high; rays 4 or 5.—Seashore to the mountains. Also called Milfoil. 
27. COTULA L. 
Low strong-scented herbs. Leaves alternate, lobed, dissected or entire. 
Flowers yellow. Bracts of involucre greenish, in about 2 ranks. Outer 
series of flowers pistillate only, long-pediceled; corolla none. Disk- 
flowers with 4-toothed corollas, shortly pediceled or sessile. Pappus 
none. (Greek kotule, small cup or low vessel.) 
1. C. coronopifolia L. Brass Buttons. Perennial, somewhat suc¬ 
culent, often subaquatic; stems decumbent, 1.4 to 2.8 dm. long; heads de¬ 
pressed, 8 to 10 mm. broad.—Saline flats, salt marshes and springy places 
in the hills. It is one of the first plants to take possession of reclaimed 
mud flats. 
28. ARTEMISIA L. Sage-Brush 
Herbs or shrubs, mostly bitter and aromatic, with alternate leaves. 
Heads small, in panicled spikes or racemes. Flowers yellow or purplish. 
Rays none. Involucre imbricated, dry and scarious. Pappus none. 
(Named after Artemisia, wife of Mausolus, king of Caria.) 
Flowers all fertile; style 2-cleft. 
Shrubs; achenes with a minute crown-shaped pappus ; herbage grayish-pubes¬ 
cent ; leaves filiform, entire or with linear filiform divisions. 
1. A. californica. 
Herbs ; achenes wholly destitute of pappus ; leaves green above, broad, entire 
or incised.....2. A. heterophylla. 
Only the marginal pistillate flowers fertile ; style mostly entire. 
Leaves dissected; herbage densely silky villous.3. A. pycnocephala. 
Leaves linear, entire; herbage glabrous.4. A. dracunculcrides. 
1. A. calif ornica Less. Old Man. Gray shrub 1.2 to 11.5 dm. high; 
leaves minutely pubescent, the lowest once or twice parted into linear- 
filiform segments, the upper entire and more or less fascicled; heads in 
long racemose panicles; pappus minute, squamellate, crown-shaped.— 
Exposed slopes of hills. 
2. A. heterophylla Nutt. California Mugwort. Stems from run¬ 
ning rootstocks, erect, woody at base, strict, 8.6 to 17 dm. high; leaves 
lanceolate to elliptic, entire or sparingly pinnatifid or cleft, green above, 
glabrous or white-tomentose beneath; heads mostly erect; marginal 
flowers pistillate, disk-flowers perfect.—Along stream banks and else¬ 
where. 
