180 
LILIACEAE 
3. F. recurva Benth. Scarlet Fritillary. Stem 2.8 dm. high or 
more; leaves linear-lanceolate, mostly in 2 whorls near the middle of 
the stem; flowers scarlet, spotted with yellow, obtuse at base.—N. Cal. 
Var. coccinea Greene. Tips of segments generally not recurved, flowers 
acute at base.—Napa Co. to Mendocino Co. 
4. F. lanceolata Pursh. Checker Lily. Perianth dark purple, mot¬ 
tled with greenish-yellow, 2.4 to 3.6 cm. long, the segments concave with 
entire margins.—Near the coast. Var. floribunda Benth. Perianth con¬ 
spicuously mottled, the segments with crisped margins.-—Shady Coast 
Range woods. 
9. LILIUM L. Lily 
Stems simple, tall, leafy, from a scaly bulb or scaly rootstock. Leaves 
narrow, sessile. Flowers large and showy, in a terminal raceme. 
Perianth funnelform, its segments 6. Stamens 6. Capsule loculicidal. 
(Greek lilium, the classical name.) 
1. L. pardalinum Kell. Tiger-Lily. Stems 1 to 2 m. high; perianth 
4.8 to 7.2 cm. long, bright orange-red with large purple spots on lower 
half.—Stream banks and moist springy spots in the mountains. 
10. TRILLIUM L. Wake Robin 
Stem from a tuberous rootstock, simple, naked below, bearing a whorl 
of 3 leaves and a single large flower. Leaves round-ovate, netted-veined. 
Perianth withering-persistent, consisting of 3 green lanceolate sepals 
and 3 larger colored petals. Fruit a fleshy capsule. (Latin triplum, 
triple, on account of the 3-merous flowers.) 
1. T. sessile L. var. giganteum H. & A. Common Trillium. Stem 
stout, 2.8 to 5 dm. high; leaves sessile; flowers sessile; .petals rose-red, 
white or greenish.—Woods, Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada. 
2. T. ovatum Pursh. Coast Trillium. Plants 1.9 to 2.4 dm. high; 
leaves on short petioles ; flowers on peduncles 2.4 to 7.2 cm. long ; petals 
white, becoming rose-red in age.—Woods near the coast. 
11. YUCCA L. Spanish Bayonet 
Trees or shrubs. Leaves linear-lanceolate, rigid, sharp-pointed. 
Flowers in terminal panicles, the perianth-segments 6, distinct. Sta¬ 
mens 6. Fruit a capsule. (An Indian name for the Manihot.) 
1. Y. whipplei Torr. Quixote Plant. Flowering stem 2.5 to 4 m. 
high; leaves in a rosette on the ground; flowers creamy-white, 3 to 3.6 
cm. long; style slender with capitate stigma.—Chaparral slopes, S. Cal. 
and n. in South Coast Ranges and s. Sierra Nevada. 
12. SMILACINA Desf. False Solomon’s Seal 
Stem simple and leafy, from rootstocks, the small white flowers in a 
terminal cluster. Leaves sessile and clasping, many-nerved. Perianth 
persistent. Filaments subulate. Ovary ovate. Style short and thick, 
3-lobed at the summit. Fruit a globose 1 to 5-seeded berry. (Latin 
smilacina, diminutive of smilax.) 
1. S. stellata (L.) Desf. Star-flower. Stem usually flexuous above, 
2.8 to 5.7 dm. high; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; flowers in a 
simple raceme; perianth-segments twice as long as the stamens; berry 
