244 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
December 14, 1895. 
be accorded to the Corsican Pine, which is ex¬ 
ceptionally hardy, seeds well and freely, grows 
rapidly, and produces timber of first-class quality. 
The Nordman Fir, Abies Nordmanni was also 
stated to be good. It comes very close to the Silver 
Fir, but is a quicker grower, although some species 
of Chermes were very fond of it, and it was good bye 
to its chances of success once these got a footing. 
The Douglas Fir is a most valuable tree and by some 
authorities is preferred to the Corsican Pine, although 
it is not so suitable for growing in exposed situations, 
as under such circumstances it is extremely liable to 
injury through having its leader broken off. The 
Menzies’ Spruce was likewise introduced to this 
country by Douglas. It also is a fast grower, and 
coming as it does from high latitudes in North-Western 
America, is thoroughly hardy. The Redwood, a Cali¬ 
fornian tree, is of great service for providing material 
for making hop-poles, and is grown to some extent for 
that purpose. It possesses the quality so rare among 
Coniferae of being able to throw up fresh shoots 
from the base of the stem after it has been cut back. 
It is hardy and excellent for planting in coppices. 
Dr. Masters then went on to say that the trees 
mentioned had been known for some time to be good 
producers of timber, although, perhaps, their value 
had not been fully recognised; but in addition to 
these he proposed to enumerate a few newer subjects 
which appeared to give great promise of being of 
value. Thuja gigantea was one of them. It grows 
very quickly, and the wood, although somewhat soft, 
is very durable. Cupressus lawsoniana was 
another that was well worthy a little more attention ; 
for although we do not often see it cultivated for 
timber-producing purposes here, the Americans give 
it a very high character indeed. Cupressus macro- 
carpa is very suitable for planting by the seaside. It 
does not reach so great a size as some, but it is good 
as far as it goes. Thujopsis borealis, or Cupressus 
nutkaensis, may also be added to the list of hardy 
quick-growing trees, whilst Abies brachyphylla will 
probably prove a better and more valuable tree than 
the Silver Fir. Pinus banksiana, and P. uncinata 
are excellent for planting on sandy barren wastes 
where nothing else will grow. 
The lecture was illustrated throughout by 
numerous specimens brought by Dr. Masters, of the 
timber of the various trees referred to. A few 
questions were asked at the close by various 
members and were replied to by the lecturer. 
--■ 
SOCIETIES. 
Royal Horticultural. Dec. loth.— Orchids and 
Chrysanthemums were the dominant features of the 
meeting on Tuesday last as far as flowers were con¬ 
cerned. Fruit and vegetables were also present in 
fair quantity. Messrs. F. Sander & Company, ex¬ 
hibited a group of Orchids for which they received 
a Silver Banksian Medal. Calanthes, in variety, 
Odontoglossums, and Cypripediums, in considerable 
numbers, were the leading and most showy features 
of the group. Interesting also was the pretty 
Helcia sanguineolenta. Messrs. Hugh Low & 
Company, Clapton, set up a nice little group 
of Orchids set off with Palms. Odontoglossums, 
Cypripediums, and Cymbidium giganteum were 
the most conspicuous. Messrs. B. S. Williams & 
Son, Upper Holloway, staged a group of Cypri¬ 
pediums, including a large well-flowered specimen of 
C. Sallieri, set up with Palms and Adiantums. Sir 
Trevor Lawrence, Bart, exhibited an interesting 
little group of Orchids, including Dendrobium 
treacherianum, for which he received a Cultural 
Commendation; also Mormodes lawrenceanum, 
Bulbophyllum grandiflorum and other very interest¬ 
ing things. H. Tate, Esq. (gardener, Mr. H. 
Osborne), Allerton Beeches, Liverpool, exhibited 
Cypripedium insigne Tate's var. with the lower 
sepal similar in size and colour to the dorsal one. 
A splendid form of Oncidium tigrinum was exhibited 
by De B. Crawshay, Esq. (gardener, Mr. S. Cooke), 
Rosefield, Sevenoaks. A very interesting group of 
Orchids was also exhibited by Messrs. James Veitch 
& Sons, Chelsea. Amongst other showy kinds we 
noted such valuable things as Laeliocattleya Pallas, 
L. Lady Rothschild, Cymbidium traceyanum, 
Cypripedium insigne Sanderae, and Calanthe 
Harrisii with pure white flowers (Silver Flora 
Medal). Baron Schroeder, (gardener, Mr. H. 
Ballanikte) The Dell, Egham, exhibited a showy and 
valuable collection of Cypripediums, including 
several very valuable varieties and hybrids, all 
splendidly grown (Silver Banksian Medal). A 
Cultural Commendation was awarded to J. T. 
Bennett-Poe, Esq. (gardener, Mr. Downer), Holme- 
wood, Cheshunt, for a well-grown and richly- 
coloured Vanda caerulea. Lycaste Skinneri Holme- 
wood var. was also very fine. He had a splendid 
bunch of long racemes of Calanthes in mixture. 
(Silver Banksian Medal). T. Statter, Esq. (gardener, 
Mr. R. Johnson), Stand Hall, Manchester, had a 
choice lot of cut flowers of Cypripediums. 
A Silver Banksian Medal fell to the lot of Mr. 
Robert Owen, Maidenhead, for a very meritorious ex¬ 
hibit of cut Chrysanthemums. Upwards of five dozen 
blooms were shown, including Mdlle. Paul Lacrcix, 
Mdlle. Eugene Mercier, Bellem, Boule d'Or, and 
Mrs. C. E. Shea, in excellent condition considering the 
advanced state of the season. Mr. H. Briscoe-Iron- 
side, Cedar Lodge, Burgess Hill, Sussex, showed a 
large vase filled with the grand new yellow decora¬ 
tive Chrysanthemum Stresa. 
A Silver Banksian Medal was awarded to Mr. J. 
Lyne, gardener to ! H F. Turks, Esq., Foxbury, 
Chislehurst, for a group of decorative Chrysanthe¬ 
mums in pots of the new Janette Sbehan, a sport 
from Princess Blanche, examples of which were 
shown for the sake of comparison. The ranks of our 
late-flowering varieties, at present rather limited, 
thus receive an important addition, as judging from 
the specimens on view, this sort is remarkable for 
great floriferousness combined with more than 
ordinary dwarfness and sturdiness of growth. We 
understand that Mr. D. Shehan, Hartfield Road, 
Wimbledon, is in possession of the stock. 
Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, ex¬ 
hibited some remarkably well-grown samples of a fine 
strain of Primula sinensis, together with cut flowers 
of Cannas and the decorative Chrysanthemum 
Ashanti. Mr. C. Herrin, Dropmore, sent three 
plants of the pretty little Oxalis Ortgiesii. Messrs. 
Edward Seasell & Son, 135, Richards Road, Heeley, 
Sheffield, showed specimens of their improved 
Orchid baskets which were characterised by their 
strength and excellent finish. A large demand should 
be experienced for them. 
Vegetables and fruit like the floral exhibits were 
not numerous. A Silver Banksian Medal fell to the 
share of Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons for a fine table 
of some of the best varieties of Onions, and some not 
less fine samples of Beetroot. A Silver Knightian 
Medal was awarded to Mr. Wm. Pope, gardener to 
the Earl of Carnarvon, Highclere Castle, Newbury, 
for thirty dishes of Onions, the bulbs of many of the 
sorts shown being of large size and great solidity. 
Messrs. Dobbie & Co., Orpington, Kent, showed 
grand heads of their new Victoria Kale a massive 
and c'osely curled variety, and withal exceedingly 
hardy. 
Mr. Miller, gardener to the Right Hon. Lord Foley, 
exhibited upwards of three dozen dishes of Apples 
and Pears, some of which were, however, wrongly 
named, possibly from the confusion resulting in 
packing. 
-- -*■ - 
Questions add AnsoieRS 
Will our friends who send us newspapers be so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see 
We shall be greatly obliged by their so doing. 
Chrysanthemums with a red colour.— M. 
M'Laren :—There is always a difficulty in describing 
the colours of flowers. No two writers will agree in 
the matter They do not see the colours exactly in 
the same way, and while our language is so poor in 
the names of colours that would be recognised by the 
mass of readers, it is almost impossible to mend 
matters. The varieties you mention we do not con¬ 
sider red at all, but maroon-crimson or very dark 
crimson. Then again, you cannot get the same 
shades of red or crimson in such plants as China 
Asters, Stocks, Chrysanthemums, Pyrethrums, 
Paeonies, and Pelargoniums, We have no doubt our 
reporter, in the case you mention, believed that the 
Chrysanthemum in question came as near the colour 
of Henry Jacoby Pelargcnium as possible. We have 
not seen it ourselves so that we cannot affirm or dis¬ 
prove. But you must remember that the Pelargonium 
in question is crimson of a particular shade that is 
obtained by intensifying the scarlet or orange-scarlet 
so peculiar to the Pelargonium and met with in the 
allied Tropaeolum. We can hardly hope to get this 
particular tint in a Chrysanthemum, though we may 
get something very close to it. With regard to the 
Daffodils you mention there is no doubt a little green 
and cream in the perianths, but the wild originals 
had sulphur or pale yellow perianths, so that you 
cannot expect a pure white in all cases. There are 
many shades of white but very few writers are able 
to distinguish or name all of them. The difficulty 
may be overcome when the science of colour is more 
perfect. 
Culture of Dendrochilum glumaceum.— A Sub¬ 
scriber : The plants should be resting about this time 
and should receive only moderate supplies of water ; 
but considering the fact that they are evergreen, they 
should not be allowed to get so dry as a Dendrobium. 
When the young shoots commence to grow you can 
re-pot the plants if they require it or propagate them 
by division. Use peat and sphagnum, with plenty of 
drainage, as the plants require an abundant supply 
of water all through the growing season. The East 
Indian or the Cattleya house is the best place for 
plants of this class. They require stove heat practi¬ 
cally. 
To root the top of Aralia Veitchi.— A Sub¬ 
scriber : The usual method and the most certain 
method of propagating this plant is to graft it on 
stocks of A. reticulata. Some gardeners, however, 
succeed in rooting the tops One of the methods is 
that adopted in the case of Ficus elastica. With a 
sharp knife, cut a tongue in the stem as for layering 
Carnations; the stem need not be bent, however. 
You can keep the tongue slightly open by inserting a 
thin wedge of wood in the cut. Then bind some 
sphagnum round the cut portion and keep the moss 
moist until plenty of roots are formed, after which 
you can cut off and pot the top. March would be a 
good time to do this, maintaining a high temperature 
in the house or pit. 
Moss and lichens on lime trees.— M. M'Laren : 
The real cause of this is as indicated in your letter, 
namely, the cold and damp part of the ground in 
which they are growing. We would suggest draining 
the ground, if possible. The roots would then be 
in a better position to perform their work 
properly. As a result of this the trees would 
grow more vigorously, and throw off the old 
bark, moss lichens and all. Other remedies advised 
are to syringe the trunks with chloride of lime, or to 
make a solution of half a pound of common salt or 
washing soda in one gallon of water and lime water 
of the consistency of a thin paint, and then to well 
rub the trunks with this by means of a whitewash 
brush. The trunks might be scraped before this 
latter remedy is applied. It makes the trees 
unsightly, however, and we should prefer scraping 
the trees for immediate effect and draining the ground 
now. 
Red Beet in a collection.— A Teignmouth 
Gardener : In our opinion, Red Beet or any other 
variety is a vegetable, and we should admit it in aDy 
class for vegetables where it was not excluded by 
being mentioned in the schedule as inadmissible in 
any particular case. Some authorities might con¬ 
sider it a salad because used in salading, but eggs are 
also used in the same way, and any one knows that 
they do not come under that category. 
Vegetables and Salads. — A Teignmouth 
Gardener : The generally accepted definition of a 
vegetable is that it requires cooking before it is used 
as human food. True salad plants are those which 
are simply prepared for being eaten in a raw state. 
Lettuce, Endive, Mustard, Cress, and similar things 
would be regarded as salad plants, but there are 
others used in the same way that are occasionally 
used otherwise. 
Names of Fruits. — J. Soper : 1, King of the 
Pippins; 2, Court of Wick ; 3, Golden Harvey.— 
J. Barkham : not recognised. 
Communications Received.— J. H. Boddy.—A. 
Reed Sale.— A. P.—J. G. Pettinger.—J. Mayne.— 
James Gibson.—R. W.— T. Sim.—R. Hendry.—M. 
Wood.—R. James.—A L. 
--- 
TRADE CATALOGUE RECEIVED- 
E. D. Shuttleworth & Co., Limited, Fleet, 
Hants.—Catalogue for the trade only. 
-- 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
Dec. 10 th, 1895. 
Messrs. Hurst &Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, report a snmewhat 
firmer feeling for F'rench Red Clover owing to re¬ 
ported sales to America. Alsike, White Clover and 
Trefoil steady. French Italian Ryegrass dearer. 
Irish Perennial and Italian Ryegrass unchanged. 
GOUTEITTS. 
PAG* 
Aquarium, at the.238 
Amateurs, hints tor.240 
Bute Horticultural Society236 
Gardening Miscellany.243 
Garrya elliptica .243 
Gilbert, the late Mr.242 
Hybrid Begonias.-..241 
Lapageria rosea, fruiting of243 
Messrs. Smith & Co., 
Worcester...240 
Myrtle, Laurel, and 
Arbutus .243 
Neal, Mr. Robert, Nur¬ 
series of.237 
Need for rain .243 
Orchid houses, the.239 
Orchid Notes & Gleanings 239 
PAGE 
Peach buds dropping.237 
Pear King Humbert .243 
Phloxes, notes on.23S 
Physalis Franchettii.245 
Planting Season, the.236 
Plants Recently Certifi¬ 
cated . 239 
Potatos .242 
Royal Horticultural Society244 
Societe Nationale des 
Chrysanthemistes .236 
Smithfield Show, people 
I have met at the.23S 
Substitutes for Larch .243 
Tetworth, Sunningdale ...237 
Trees, tall or dwarf.242 
Useful insects .243 
