262 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
December 21, 1895. 
twenty-three varieties, and at an interval of seventy- 
eight years, bringing us to the present year, one of 
the leading wholesale houses’list gives 123 sorts,whilst 
the numerous catalogues issued during the present 
year reveal the astonishing fact that there are now 
no less than 647 varieties, which, if not all distinct, 
have at least dis inctive names. Next to the first- 
recorded instance of cross breeding already referred 
to. one of the earliest to take the matter in hand was 
Dr. McLean, of C 'lchester, whose seedlings were 
much prized. Coming to more recent times, the 
late Mr. Laxton, of B dford, made rapid strides in 
this direction, and his seedlings have a leading place 
at the present day. The “ Grand Old Man ” in con¬ 
nection with the raising of new Peas, however, is Mr- 
Culverwell. It cannot Le denied that this good old 
Yorkshire gardener is responsible for the origin of 
many of the best Peas of the present time. The 
number of diverse seedlings obtained from a single 
cross is an interesting matter. During the past 
season no fewer than twenty-six types were selected 
from the seedlings produced by a cross made in 1892 
between Perfect Gem and Jubilee. This, then, 
explains in some measure how the number have 
increased during the past fifty years. 
It is interesting to note that as early as the year 1845 
the Horticultural Society was obliged to undertake 
a series of trials with the intention, as the report goes, 
“ to reduce the discordant nomenclature of the seed 
shops to something like order, and to prevent the gar¬ 
dener buying the same kind under different names. 
This resulted in the reduction of 100 different names 
to about twenty. Further trials were made in i860 
and 1872 to the same end. Notwithstanding these 
attempts to restrict the number of names there are 
still about 650 at the present time. Peas are 
divided, so far as the dry seed is concerned, into two 
general classes, round and wrinkled. These classes 
have many variations as regards size, and in the use 
of wrink ed kinds the irregular surface is consider¬ 
ably varied according to sort, in some instances 
being so peculiar as to be almost sufficient to dis¬ 
tinguish one sort from another. The original Pea 
from which our cultivated kinds have sprung pro¬ 
duced round seed, but the selection and improve¬ 
ment of the pod and quality and flavour of the Peas 
resulted in the evolution of the wrinkled section, a 
section which now includes a far greater number of 
kinds than does the present round seeded class. Ne 
Plus Ultra is generally looked upon as the best 
flavoured Pea. It certainly occupies one of the fore¬ 
most places, having deep green pods and Peas,but one 
or two of the darker green podded sorts such as Duke 
of Albany, Autocrat, and Sutton’s Late Queen sur¬ 
passes it in this respect. The lecturer then dealt 
with the peculiarities and variations of shape of pods 
of the various types of Peas, passing on to mention 
that the Pea most grown for the London market is 
doubtless Telegraph, one of the first of Culverwell's 
seedlings. Hundreds of acres are grown in Essex 
every year, and special trains are put on to carry 
the produce daily to London. Mr. Deal then gave 
the varieties he considered best for those present 
to grow. 
Forcing Peas. —It is easy enough to glut the 
kitchen when everyone else is enjoying plenty of 
green Peas, but he is the better gardener, who, 
when the majority are sowing the r seed, is picking 
well-filled pods from forced crops. Until recent 
years American Wonder stood alone as the Pea for 
forcing, but since the introduction of CbeLea Gem 
and William Hurst its use has not been so great. 
Even these two excellent sorts are now quite put in 
the shade bv Su ton’s Seedling Marrowfat, whilst 
even this variety must give place to a new variety 
which Messrs. Sutton are introducing, and named 
The Sutton Forcing. 
For Open Ground. —Seedling Marrowfat, Bounti¬ 
ful, and Sutton's May Queen are the best first early 
sorts. Perfect Gem, Duke of Albany, and Veitch's 
Maincrop are second early'. Perfection Marrowfat, 
Magnum Bonum, and Reading Giant are maincrop 
sorts. Sutton’s Late Queen is best for the late 
crop. For cottagers and amateurs Dr. McLean is 
an excellent variety. It is fairly low priced, and the 
pods are of good size, and produced in pairs ; it is 
also an abundant cropper and of good flavour. 
With regard to the future of the Garden Pea, the 
lecturer’s opinion was that before many years have 
passed it will be possible to produce pods which will 
compare with Duke of Albany as does that variety 
with Yorkshire Hero, Veitch’s Perfection, and 
similar sorts. The small-podded, early, round-seeded 
kinds will not be grown except by the "old school, ' 
and tall Peas—that is, those exceeding about four 
feet—will share the same fate. 
A very interesting discussion took place, in which 
Messrs. Woolford, Lees, Hinton, Burton, Turton, 
Dearlove, Bowie, Tufnail and Alexander took part. 
Many questions were asked and ably answered by 
the lecturer. On the proposiiion of Mr. Lees, 
seconded by Mr. Neve, a hearty vote of thanks was 
passed to Mr. Deal, and the wish expressed that, as 
the subject was of such great interest, he would take 
up the same subject on some future occasion. 
-.j-- 
oaesnons add MsaieRS 
*,* Will our friends who send us newspapers be so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see 
We shall be greatly obliged by their so doing. 
Rating of Glasshouses.— J. Baddy : Nurserymen 
are liable to be assessed for the purpose of local 
rates to the extent of one-fourth only of the asess- 
ment to the poor. 
Rhododendrons in Bloom. — J. M. : Both are 
varieties of the Himalayan Rhododendron arboreum, 
and both they and the hybrids produced between R. 
arboreum and R. ponticum are so numerous that it 
would be difficult to ascertain their names, except 
where a good named collection is grown. If the 
varietal name which you mention in connection with 
the scarlet one is correct, then the full name would 
be K. arboreum nobleanum. See next week’s issue. 
Deciduous and Evergreen Dendrobiums.— 
Constant Reader : The majority of the Dendrobiums 
we have seen would rightly be termed deciduous, 
and such as D. nobile, D. wardianum, D. crassinode, 
and many others are truly deciduous. Such as D. 
ochreatum flowers upon the young wood before the 
leaves have reached maturity, but if the leaves fall 
before another set was produced, then we should 
still consider it a deciduous species. By certain 
treatment some spec es might bs induced 10 retain a 
portion of their leaves till new ones were produced, 
bur under ordinary conditions they would still be 
regarded as deciduous. The Holly drops its old 
leaves in summer, but the tree is never bare at any 
time, aDd is, therefore, regarded as evergreen. 
Now, amongst the Dendrobiums we find various 
intermediate stages of durability amongst the leaves, 
but all those that are by any means common in 
cultivation are dei iduous. D. ochreatum and others 
are spoken of as evergreen, but it is rather a loose 
application of the term. 
Yellow Chrysanthemums. — F. T.: It may be J. 
Stanborough Dibbins, but is altogether out of 
character. The best plan would be to get it in 
exhibition form next year and compare it with those 
in some large collections. 
Names of Plants. — D. H. : 1, Pernettya mucro- 
nata; 2 Symphoricarpus racemosus; 3, Cotoneaster 
Simonsii. A.T.: 1, Coelogynet nchracea ; Gomeza 
planifolia. H. J. : 1, Selaginella Br. unii; 2, 
Ss aginella uncinata ; 3, Pteris quadriaurita argyrea; 
4. Scirpus riparius; 5, Aspidtum triangulum; 6, 
Nephrodium molle; 7, Asplenium bulbiierum 
fabianum. II'. W. : 1, Asplenium Tricbomanes ; 
2, Lomaria alpina; 3. Asplenium Ceterach; 4, 
Pteris cretica aibo-lineata: 5, Aspidium angulare 
proliferum sub. var. ; 6, Aspidium angulare var. ; 
7, Asplenium marinum elongatum. 
Grapes not Properly Coloured. — Inquirer : The 
variety y<m sent, namely, Mrs. Pince, takes a long 
time to ripen, and requires the same treatment as 
Muscat of Alexandria. It will never colour properly 
now. It should get plenty of heat during the grow¬ 
ing season, and should be coloured up in September 
while light and sunheat are still good. Muscat 
Hamburgh requires much the same treatment. It 
is very liable to shanking under the be't of treat¬ 
ment sometimes In any case, neither of the above 
two should be grown in the same house, as Black 
Hamburgh if you can avoid it. See that the 
drainage is good, and give plenty of water during 
the growing season. 
Price of Book. — C B. G. : We have ascertained 
that you can get the book for 4s. exclusive of 
postage. 
Red Beet. —A Teignmoutli Gardener -. If the 
schedule distinctly says mat Red Beet is to be ex¬ 
cluded, that settles the matter. We thank you for 
the explanations ; but they serve to confirm us that 
it is purely a matter of opinion which varies in 
different localities over the country. We know of a 
private establishment where Beet is almost ex¬ 
clusively used as a vege able, if not quite so. Seeing 
also that Beet is generally admissible, in collections 
of vegetables it is alwats necessary that schedules 
should be explicitly worded, if Beet is to be ex¬ 
cluded. 
Communications Received. —W. L.—Chas. T. 
Grinfield —A. P.—John Smellie—A. Hope—A 
Reed Sale.—J. Mayne— S. T.—W. H — K. W.— 
Western.—J. B.—R. H. 
-- 
Amber, which is the resin of trees in a fossil state, 
occurs in yellow, white, black, and green varieties. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
December 18 th, 1895. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d t. d. 
Apples.per bushel 20 36 
Nova Scotia Apples 
per barrel 13 0 17 0 
Cob Nuts and Fil¬ 
berts, per 100 lbs 30 0 
s. d. s. d 
Grapes, per lb.06 16 
Pine-apples 
— St Mlohael's each 26 So 
Tasmanian Apples, 
per case 
Vegetables.—Average Wholesale Prices 
1. d. 
2 0 
ArtlchokesGlobe doz 
Asparagus,per bundle 
Beans, French, perlb. 
Beet. per dozen 
Brussel Sprou's, 
per half sieve 
Cabbages ... per doz. 
Carrots ... per bunch 
Cauliflowers.doz. 
Celery.per bu-dls 
Cucumbers per doz. 4 o 
Endive, French, djz. 1 6 
1 3 
3 0 
9 0 
1. d. s. d. 
Herbs .per bunch 02 06 
Horse Radlsn, bundle 2 0 
Lettuces ...per dozen r 3 
Mushrooms, p. basket r u 
Onions.per bunch 0 4 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 3 
Radishes... per dozen 1 n 
Seakale...per basket 1 6 
Smallsalading,punnet o 4 
Spinach per bush si 2 0 
Tomatos. per lb. o 4 
Turnips.per bun. 0 3 
4 o 
I 6 
0 6 
2 3 
o 6 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
3 0 
3 o 
2 6 
4 0 
1. d. s. d 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 30 60 
Asparagus Fern, bun. 20 30 
Bcuvardlas. per bun. 06 10 
Carnations doz.blms. 16 30 
Chrysanthemums 
doz. blms. 10 40 
Chrysanthemums 
doz. bchs. 
Eucharis ...per doz 
Gardenias ...per doz. 
Geranium, scarlet, 
doz. bunches 
Lilium lanoifolium 
per doz. 20 30 
Llllum longlflorrm 
per doz. 30 60 
Lily ot the Valley, 
doz. sprays 10 26 
Marguerites. 12 bun. 16 30 
MsiienbairFern,i2bs.4 060 
Mimosa or Acacia 
(French) per bcb. 10 20 
Orchids, doz. blooms 1 6 12 o 
Pelargoniums,12 bun. 50 90 
J. d 
4 o 
s. d. 
Parme Violet (French) 
per bunch 3 
Primula, double, doz. 
sprays 0 
Pyrethrum doz. bun. 2 
Roses (indoor), doz. 1 
„ Tea,white, doz. 1 
„ Niels . 3 
,, Safrano 
(English), doz. ... 2 
Pink Roses (French) 2 
Smilax, per bunch ... 3 
Stephanotis, doz. 
sprays .6 c 
Tuberoses, doz. 
blooms.o 3 
i Violets, doz. bunches 1 f 
„ Czar (French) 
per bch.... 2 c 
,, Victoria (Fnch) 
doz. bch.... 1 6 
White Lilac (French 
per bunch 3650 
2 o 
2 6 
6 o 
4 o 
3 6 
6 o 
9 0 
0 6 
2 6 
2 6 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesalr Prices 
«. d. 1. d. 
Arbor Vitae (golden) 
per doz. 6 0 r2 0 
Aspidistra, doz. 18 o 36 o 
„ specimen 30 50 
Cbrysansthemums 
doz. pots 40 90 
Chrysanthemums 
single plants 16 20 
Cyclamen, per doz ...9 o 15 o 
Diacaena, various, 
per doz. u 0 30 0 
Dracaena vlridis.doz 0 0 t8 o 
Erica,various,per doz.9 0 24 o 
Euonymus. var. doz. 6 o 18 o 
>. d. t. d 
Evsrgreens.lnvar.doz 6 o 24 0 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 4 0 18 0 
F>-ras, small, per 100 40 60 
Ficus elastica, each 10 50 
Foliage Plants, var., 
each 10 50 
Liliums, various doz. 18 o 3’ a 
Lycopodiums, doz. 40 60 
Marguerite Daisy doz 6 0 12 o 
Myrtles, doz. 60 90 
Palms in varletv.each 1 o 15 0 
Palms. Specimen ...21 o 63 0 
Solanum, per doz. ...8 o 15 o 
OOZCnTTZEUSTTS 
Amateurs, hints for. 
Arbroath Horticultural 
Society . 
Begonias, Sutton’s 
tuberous-rooted . 
Books, notices of. 
Chinese Primulas in the 
Midlands .. 
Christmas Flowers . 
Chrysanthemum Ryecroft 
Glory ....260 
Diffoiils. a grouo of .257 
Edey Deane (i serial tale)...25S 
Favourite uhi ysanthe- 
mums .260 
Gardeners’ Royal Benevo¬ 
lent Institution.252 
PAGE 
Gardening Miscellany.260 
lmantophyllum miniatum...2Co 
Kitchen Garden, the.255 
People I have met at the 
sh )ws .261 
Plant hoases, the ..255 
Potatos .261 
Reading and District Gar¬ 
deners' Mutual Improve¬ 
ment Association . 2C1 
Root and Vegetable Show 
at Edinburgh .258 
Royal Horticultural Society, 
| Journal of ."..260 
( Southgate Chrysanthemum 
Society, dinner of .252 
1 Sutton’s Amateur Guide’s 254 
pagr 
256 
252 
25S 
260 
'55 
254 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS, 
Auction Sales. 
Prothsroe & Morris. 250 
Bulbs. 
Barr & Son .249 
J. D. Hamon.251 
Catalogues. 
Bar & Son .249 
Sutton & Sons.249 
Chrysanthemums. 
W. Cutbush & Son.251 
Dyke.219 
W. J. Godfrey .250 
H. J. Jones.251 
R. Ow-n .249 
W. Welch .249 
W. Wells.231 
A. W. Young.249 
Coals 
W. H. Essery .284 
T. T. Pascoe.264 
Florists’ Flowers. 
A. Medhnrst .251 
Flower Pots. 
Sankev & Sons, Ltd.264 
Fruit Trees, &c. 
G. Bunyard & Co.250 
T. <Sr W. Kir^opp.249 
Letell er & Son.249 
R. Neal .249 
R. Smith Sc Co.250 
Garden Sundries, &c. 
J. Arnold.264. 
Epps & Co ... 251 
Hirst, Brooke & Hirst.... 249 
H. G. Smyth .249 
Heating Apparatus. 
W. Coop r, Lt J.263 
Jones v Attwood.264 
Thames Bank Iron Co... 249 
Horticultural Builders. 
W. Cooper, Ltd.263 
J. Boyd & Sons- .249 
I- Gray .-.249 
W. Richardson & Co ...224 
I. Weeks & Co.249 
Insecticides. 
Gishurst Compound.249 
Manures 
C. Beeson. 249 
Clay & Son. 249 
W. Colchester.249 
H. G. Smyth .250 
W. Thomson & Sons ...264 
Miscellaneous. 
Accident Insurance Co....249 
Bayliss. Jones & Bayliss 264 
Darlington.251 
Epps's Cocoa .264 
Gishurstine .249 
Mesida Valley Irrigation 
Colony.254 
Outram’s Flower Holder 250 
Orchids. 
J. Cypher .251 
Leeds Orchid Co.249 
W. L. Lewis & Co.249 
F. Sander & Co.249 
Roses. 
J. Cowan A - Co.251 
R. Neal .249 
R. Smith & Co.250 
J. Walters .249 
Seeds. 
Bengley .249 
F. C. Heinemann .249 
R. Smith & Co.250 
Strawberries. 
J. Chivers .249 
S. Hamilton.249 
Head .249 
Trees & Shrubs 
R. Neal .249 
R. Smith & Co. 25 ° 
Vines. 
J. Cowan & Co.25 1 
