THE GARDENING WORLD 
707 
July i, 1896. 
Wire netting, tree guards etc., were exhibited by 
Messrs. Hill & Smith, and Francis Morton & Co.; 
Weed Destroyers by Messrs. Tomlinson & Hayward 
(Eureka) and Mr. Joseph Bentley ; garden and lawn 
manures by Messrs. Samuel Meggett & Sons ; 
whilst the Stott Fertilizer and Insecticide Co. dis¬ 
played syringes, distributors, sprayers, sprinklers 
and hoses. Messrs. Thos, Green & Son, Ltd., and 
Follows and Bate, Ltd., sent specimens of their 
lawn mowers, and garden frames, houses, etc,, were 
shown by Messrs. Hardy Bruin & Co. (Leicester), 
Messrs. A. Wrinch & Sons (Ipswich), Messrs. 
Messenger & Co. (the well-known Loughborough firm) 
and Messrs. Wright & Holmes (Birmingham). The 
specimens of Strawberries, Gooseberries, and Apples, 
models of Pears and Apples and samples of cider 
displayed by Mr, John Watkins of Withington, near 
Hereford, formed quite an attraction; and Mr. 
Andrew Potter's collection of sundries made at his 
Wolverhampton and Reading factories was not 
without its admirers. 
The cynosure of the show was of course the 
Pavilion where the Royal Visitors were received and 
accomodated ; and the Leicester Corporation was 
very fortunate in securing such an able and artistic 
horticulturist as Mr. John Burn to make this 
place the "thing of beauty” which it was. We 
heartily congratulate Mr. Burn upon his success in 
this matter, as also in the evening fetes which took 
place in the Abbey Park. 
— .|. - 
ORCHIS LATIFOLIA &c. 
This beautiful little British Orchid is flowering freely 
in our marshes at this time. For variety of colour 
and markings this plant excels any other wild- 
flowers we have. 
There is the same diversity of colour in Orchis macu- 
lata, which differs only by having beautifully spotted 
foliage. Habenaria bifolia chlorantha (The Butter¬ 
fly Orchis) is also in full bloom, with its quaint little 
creamy white flowers which are highly fragrant. 
There are three species of Ophrys, which are 
natives of Britain ; they are better known as the Bee, 
the Fly, and Spider Orchis. I have never come 
across any of them growing in this district yet. I 
herewith enclose a few specimens of O. latifolia, O. 
maculata, and H. bifolia chlorantha.— Castle Boro, 
Ireland. 
[A large bunch of Orchis maculata accompanied 
the above notes showing how plentiful this species 
is in the south of Ireland. The flowers varied im¬ 
mensely in colour from almost pure white to dark 
purple with every variation of marbling and 
spotting. We should advise the exercise of care in 
cutting the flowers, seeing how liable these beauti¬ 
ful flowers are to be exterminated near populous 
centres. The sweet-scented Habenaria chlorantha 
has larger flowers than the type, and owing to 
differences in structure, was considered by Darwin to 
be worthy of regarding as a distinct species. Orchis 
latifolia was much less plentiful than its congener, 
and in our experience very difficult to distinguish in 
some cases owing to the presence of intermediate 
forms in localities where the two species are found 
growing luxuriously together.— Ed.] 
-- 
WINDSOR ROSE SHOW. 
The Home Park at Windsor on June 27th was again the 
scene ot this annual meeting, which has now assumed 
considerable proportions. The exhibition tents, four 
in number, were pitched close to the entrance from 
the main road, and almost beneath the shelter of the 
venerable keep. Roses were of course the chief 
feature of the display, and it will be seen in the 
report of the prizes how abundantly the Colchester 
growers vindicated their skill as cultivators of our 
national flower. The hot weather undoubtedly 
exercised a prejudicial effect upon the colour and size 
of the blooms, but still they were well up to the 
standard of former years. The arrangements 
throughout were admirable, and great praise is due 
to the committee of management. 
In the open classes for cut Roses some superb 
blooms were shown. In the most important class 
for single trusses of forty-eight distinct varieties 
there were seven exhibits. The first award fell to 
the lot of Mr. B. R. Cant, Colchester, who had a 
splendid lot. Pride of Reigate, Jean Soupert, Helen 
Keller, Mrs, John Laing, Madame Eugene Verdier, 
Duke of Fife, Lady Sheffield, and Fisher Holmes, 
were some of the best blooms. Mr. Frank Cant, 
Colchester, occupied the second place ; and Messrs. 
Harkness & Sons, Bedale, Yorks, the third. 
Teas were not so strongly in evidence as the H. P’s. 
In the premier class for eighteen blooms of Tea or 
Noisette varieties, Messrs. D. Prior & Son, 
Colchester, were an easy first. Catherine Mermet, 
Niphetos, Maman Cochet, Madame Cusin, Ethel 
Brownlow, Comtesse de Nadaillac, and Medea, were 
all splendidly shown. Mr. Frank Cant was second, 
and Mr. B. R. Cant, third. 
There were eight entries for twelve trusses of three 
blooms each of distinct varieties of H. P’s. Messrs. 
D.Prior & Son headed the list, showing fine examples, 
amongst others, of Prince Camille de Rohan, Xavier 
Olibo, and Suzanna Marie Rodocanachi. Mr. B. 
R. Cant, and Mr. Frank Cant, occupied second and 
third places respectively. There were eight entries 
for twelve blooms of any variety, Messrs. D. Prior & 
Son coming out best with magnificent samples of 
Her Majesty. Mr. B. R. Cant was second with the 
same variety, and Mr. Chas. Turner, Slough, third. 
In the amateurs' classes the Rev. T. H. Pembleton, 
Havering-in-the-Bower was first for six single trusses 
of one variety. Mr. Wm. Weller, gardener to 
Charles Graham, Esq., occupied a similar position 
for twelve single trusses of Teas, including eight 
varieties. 
In the local classes, open only to amateurs residing 
within a radius of ten miles of Windsor, the follow¬ 
ing exhibitors obtained first awards :—The Rev. T. 
H. Pembleton, for six trusses of three blooms each ; 
A. Gilliat, Esq., for eighteen blooms of distinct 
varieties; Messrs. Bailey Denton, for twelve 
single trusses, distinct, for six single trusses of any 
H. P. or H. T., and for six single trusses of any Tea : 
Mr. E. Cudlip for six Teas, distinct; and Mrs. 
Edward Gould for the best basket of Roses. In an 
extra class for a group of cut Roses arranged for 
effect, C. Romaine, Esq. was placed first, and Mr. 
A. Sturt, second. Mrs. Osman contributed the most 
tastefully made up floral dinner table, measuring 8 ft. 
by 4 ft. Mrs. Edward Gould obtained the second 
award with a table wholly bedecked with Roses and 
Maidenhair Fern. 
In the classes for pot plants the competition was 
somewhat dull. Mr. A. Gillies, gardener to Sir 
Robt. Harvey, Bart., obtained the first award for a 
group occupying a space of 12 ft. by 6 ft. The 
arrangement, however, was too flat to be effective. 
Mr. A. Sturt, gardener to N. L. Cohen, Esq., was 
placed second ; and Mr. W. Smith, gardener to A. 
F. Govett, Esq., third. For a smaller group 8 ft. by 
4 ft. in size, Mr. G. Lane, gardener to Miss Ridge, 
was first; and Mr. J. Williams, gardener to F. 
Ricardo, Esq.( second. Mr. W. Smith showed the 
best four specimen plants. Mr. E. Cudlip, gardener 
to Arthur Mount, Esq., contributed the best six 
tuberous Begonias, whilst the prettiest six table 
plants came from Mr. F. H. Beney, gardener to the 
Lady Mary Currie. 
In the classes for fruit, Mr. Thos. Osman, gardener 
to L. Baker, Esq., had the best four dishes, showing 
black Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines, and a Melon. 
Second came Mr. T. Williams. The first award for 
two bunches of black Grapes was carried off by Mr. 
G. Lane, whose bunches were of more than ordinary 
size and very well finished. Mr. A. Sturt was placed 
first for six Nectarines, Mr. Mowbray, gardener to 
Major Legge, occupying a similar position for six 
Peaches. Mr. A. Sturt sent the premier two dishes 
of Strawberries, and Mr. T. Osman the best two 
bunches of white Grapes. Mr. W. R. Smith showed 
two superbly flavoured and finished fruits of Melon 
Sutton’s Perfection, winning thereby the first award. 
Mr. E. Johnson, gardener to A. Gilliat, Esq. came 
in second. 
For a collection of vegetables comprising nine 
distinct kinds, Mr, J. Tomlin, gardener to Mrs. 
Goldringham, was placed first with a very nice lot. 
Mr. T. Osman was second. The prizes in this class 
were offered by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, of Reading. 
For the prizes offered by Messrs. Carter & Sons, 
High Holborn, for a collection of vegetables to 
include six distinct kinds, Mr. G. Quelch, gardener 
to the House of Mercy Clever obtained the premier 
award. 
The largest tent was wholly devoted to the 
accommodation of miscellaneous exhibits. Thesa 
were of considerable extent, and many well-known 
nurserymen and florists contributed, the whole 
effect being exceedingly gay and bright. Messrsi 
Geo. Jackman & Son, Woking, Messrs. J. Veitch & 
Sons, Chelsea, and Mr. Eric F\ Such, Maidenhead, 
exhibited large quantities of hardy cut flowers. 
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons also staged several 
stands of high-class cut Roses. Mr. Frank Cant set 
up a vastly pretty group of single, miniature, and 
garden Roses in a variety of colours. Mr. Henry 
Eckford, Wem, Shropshire, exhibited fifty bunches 
of Sweet Peas in as many varieties. Most of the 
leading varieties were well and worthily represented. 
Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son set up a circular group 
of stove foliage plants and Orchids. Mr. Charles 
Turner contributed a group similar in size and shape 
to the last-named, in which the central feature was a 
grandly flowered specimen of Rose Crimson Rambler. 
Carnations in pots, and cut Roses, were also con¬ 
spicuous here. A semi-circular group of flowering 
plants, chiefly Fuchsias, and Lilium Harrisii.was also 
put up by Mr. C. Turner. Messrs. Cutbush & Son, 
Highgate, N., made a brave display with Carnations 
in pots, in which Germania and several shades of the 
ever popular Malmaison were the chief attraction. 
Several pretty and charmingly executed floral 
designs were contributed by Mr. W. H. Titt, 24, 
Thames Street, Windsor, including a harp and a 
bouquet of Roses. 
- -S- - 
CARNATIONS AND PICOTEES. 
The above formed the subject of a lecture delivered 
to the Newport class on the 12th ult., by Mr. S. 
Heaton, Horticultural Instructor to the Isle of Wight 
County Council. After giving statistics as to the 
date of introduction of the Carnation, the number of 
varieties grown in the olden times, and the enormous 
number grown and sold by the American florists, he 
went on to instruct his audience in the classification 
and technicalities as defined by the standards and 
canons of the modern florists. He classified them 
into self-coloured, flake, bizarre, fancy, Picotee and 
tree Carnations. 
With regard to cultural details he instructed his 
hearers to avoid low-lying and damp situations. A 
high situation favoured by gentle breezes was much 
more preferable. He had found that a full south 
aspect promoted the quick opening of the buds at 
the expense of splitting the calyx. A south-east or 
south-west aspect was more favourable to their well¬ 
being. As to suitable soil, he said that authorities 
inform us that where the Carnation grows wild in 
France, Italy, Austria, and the North-west parts of 
India, it affects high well-drained lands where lime¬ 
stone abounds. In England it does well in lime¬ 
stone districts, or near old buildings where the soil 
is well drained. In gardens a good friable loam 
with an admixture of decayed manure or leaves 
made porous by the addition of sand, and sweet by 
the use of lime rubbish would answer the purpose 
admirably. Propagation could be effected by seeds, 
layers, pipings, and cuttings. New varieties are 
secured from seeds or sports. He reckoned that one 
variety superior to the parent might be obtained 
from 500 seedlings. The majority of people propa¬ 
gate by means of layering, or purchase rooted layers 
in September and October. The months of July 
and August are the best for layering. A compost of 
loam, leaf, mould, and sand make them root more 
quickly, and some people even add wood ashes, 
charcoal, and lime-rubbish. One great secret of 
their culture was to plant in autumn, making the 
layers firm. 
Those who grow their plants in pots through the 
winter could not do better than use Mr. Blick’s mix¬ 
ture of “ two parts yellow^fibrous loam, one part 
rotted hot-bed manure, half a part of old lime- 
rubble, half a part of coarse silver sand, a sprinkling 
of charcoal, and to every*barrow-load of the mixture 
add a five-inch potful of bone dust, and the same 
quantity of blood manure.” Many failures were 
caused by loose potting and continual syringing 
overhead, which the Carnation abhors. A little of 
this now and again might be valuable by acting as a 
refresher in a stifling atmosphere and too high a 
temperature. 
Mr. Heaton went on to give Mr. Lombard's idea 
of a good Carnation, which should by symmetrically- 
formed with smooth petals of good substance, that 
the pod should not burst, that the flower should be 
full in the centre, yet not crowded ; it should be 
fragrant, and measure 2 in. to 3 in. in diameter. In 
speaking of manures, he said, that out of 13 tests 
with a combination of them, it was recorded that 
