742 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
July 18,1896. 
Hall. Cucumbers, Peas, Beans, Tomatos, Cauli¬ 
flowers, Beetroot, Onions, and Carrots were of 
splendid quality. 
Messrs. W. W. Johnson & Son, Boston, sent a 
collection of over forty dishes of Peas, representing 
most of the leading sorts. 
Two boxes of splendidly finished Peaches sent by 
Mr. G. Keif, gardener to Mrs. Abbott, South Villa, 
Regent's Park, N.W., received a Silver Banksian 
Medal. 
A fine Collection of hardy fruits was contributed 
by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons for which a Silver 
Knightian Medal was awarded. There were over 
twenty-six dishes of Gooseberries, twenty-three 
dishes of Cherries, and fourteen dishes of Currants, 
including red, black, pink, and white varieties. 
Questions add adsujghs 
Will our friends who send us newspapers he so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged by their so doing. 
Insect in a joiner’s workshop. — Archibald 
McKtrracher : The insect you send is Sirex gigas, and 
a native of the British Islands. We believe it is 
more common in the south than in your locality. 
The grub of the larval stage lives in wood; so 
that we have little doubt it came out of one of 
the logs of wood lying in the joiner's shop. It 
bores a hole in the solid wood almost as thick as 
the little finger. 
Red colours. — Rubens: The peculiar tint of shellac- 
red would be difficult to match, but you might 
find it amongst some of the tuberous-rooted 
Begonias which are spoken of under the general 
term of bronzy, or bronzy-red. The dark red of log¬ 
wood while yet in the form of wood, that is, before 
boiling, might be met with amongst dark breeder 
Tulips. Carthamine-red is a preparation from 
Carthamus tinctorius, but we have not seen the 
dye. Alkanet-red we have not seen in the pre¬ 
pared state. The colour of Brazil wood may be 
met with on the top petals of garden Violas named 
Vernon Lee, Rob Roy, and Jackanapes. Some¬ 
thing close to chrome red might be found amongst 
the red varieties of Lilium and Lathyrus rotundi- 
folius. Sander s-wood or Sandal-wood is used for 
dyeing leather, and we do not at present recollect 
a flower that would actually match this colour. 
Peaches to name. — T. Cooper: As near as could be 
made out, they were fruits of Grosse Mignonne. 
Here we may say, however, that a tin box is not 
always a safe means of conveying soft fruits through 
the post. In this case the box was very much 
indented through bad usage, and both fruits were 
very much injured, one of them being flattened and 
smashed as far as the stone on one side , in other 
words one half of the fruit was in a state of pulp. 
Yegetable Marrows not swelling .—Constant 
Reader : We believe your plants, both fruits and 
flowers are suffering through the effects of the long 
continued drought and excessively dry atmosphere. 
The flower buds of Tomatos and several other things 
in the open air are in many cases withering up and 
drooping off. Soil, situation, and attention such as 
you describe present nothing for fault-finding ; so 
that we are convinced the season has to do with it. 
We have noticed the same thing occurring amongst 
Vegetable Marrows coming under our observation 
in previous dry seasons. It might be worth your 
while trying to remedy the evil. We should advise 
you to break up the surface of the soil with a hoe, 
then to mulch or spread a layer of long litter, straw, 
or hay upon the ground, whichever maybe handiest. 
This covering would prevent the sun from heating 
the soil to the same extent, and would certainly 
preserve the moisture, besides keeping the fruits 
clean when a more rainy time arrives. When the 
nights become longer and more moisture prevades 
the atmosphere, your Marrows will no doubt 
develop satisfactorily. We have noted that fact in 
previous years. 
Names of Plants. — Kildare : i, Hypericum 
elatum ; 2, Hypericum Androsaemum ; 3, Hypericum 
Androsaemum variegatum ; 4, Phlomis fruticosa or 
Jerusalem Sage ; 5, Polemonium caeruleum varie¬ 
gatum.— J. Mayne : 1, Spiraea lindleyana (not a 
Sumach) ; 2, Spiraea Douglasti ; 3, Cassinia fulvida, 
in very fine condition, as were all of them.— Worces¬ 
ter : x, Valeriana officinalis; 2, Reseda luteola ; 3, 
Hypericum perforatum ; 4, Vicia Cracca ; 5, Cen- 
taurea nigra ; 6, Campanula Trachelium ; 7, Symphy¬ 
tum officinale. — T. M. : 1, Lathyrus platyphyllos ; 2, 
L. p. albus; 3, Sidalcea malvaeflora; 4, Lycaste 
Deppei; 5, Cypripedium Godefroyae ; 6, Cypri- 
pedium bellatum. — J. C.: 1, Selaginella kraussiana 
Browmi 2, Selaginella apus ; 3, Pteris quadriaurita 
argyrea; 4, Nephrodium cristatum ; 5, Aspidium 
angulare ; 6, Campanula Hostii alba.—A. L.: 1, Tilia 
cordata; 2, Spiraea tomentosa; 3, Cotoneaster 
microphylla ; 4, Clemats Viticella. — Stuart: 1, Malva 
moschata alba; 2, Campanula pusilla; 3, Dian- 
thus deltoides albus; 4, Gladiolus Colvillei albus, 
also known as The Bride ; 5, Hieraclum aurantiacum : 
6, Campanula pumila alba ; 7, Delphinium elatum 
var. ; 8, Anthemis tinctoria, pale var. ; 9, Sedum 
hybridum ; 10, Sedum stoloniferum splendens. 
The Bordeaux mixture.— James Dymock : It has 
escaped our memory as to when the Bordeaux 
mixture was first used ; but it seems to be taken for 
granted that it originated at Bordeaux in France. 
The mixture was originally used on the borders of 
vineyards next to public highways, not as a fungicide, 
but with the object of deterring biped depredators 
from stealing the Grapes. After a time it was 
noticed that mildew was much less prevalent on 
those vines that were sprayed than on the unsprayed 
ones. Then it occurred to the owners that the 
mixture, variously known as Bordeaux broth, the 
Bordeaux mixture,and Bouillie Bordelaise, might be 
used to advantage in checking mildew. The effect 
on wines made from grapes sprayed with the mix¬ 
ture engaged the attention of the British Consul at 
Bordeaux, as early as 1889 ; and in view of that fact 
it may be taken for granted that the Bordeaux 
mixture must have been known and in use for some 
years previously to that date, otherwise it could not 
have been attracting so much attention. It was un¬ 
known in America in 1887, but that is not much of a 
guide perhaps as to the date of its origin. From an 
account given in the Comptes Rendus, Vol. 107 , pp. 
447 - 449 , and contributed to that journal by M. 
Prillieux, who said that Bouillie Bordelaise was 
largely used in France for dressing vines in order to 
prevent black rot and other diseases. M. Prillieux 
had begun to experiment with it upon the haulm of 
Potatos for the prevention of the disease with very 
encouraging results. This was previous to 1889 so 
that the use of the mixture on vines must have been 
commenced sometime previous to 1888. The dis¬ 
covery was purely the result of accident. Many 
forms of the mixture have since been evolved both on 
the Continent and in America. (See next week’s 
issue). 
Drying Wild Flowers.— Worcester: Get a con¬ 
siderable number of sheets of paper of some thick¬ 
ness, but soft and porous, not glazed, so that they 
will readily absorb the moisture. Some collectors 
use blotting paper, but we think this altogether 
unnecessary for the rougher and stronger growing 
plants at least. Then get two flat boards of sufficient 
size, or you could make two lath frameworks of the 
same size as the boards would need to be. The 
advantage of an open framework is that moisture 
can escape more readily. Lay two sheets of paper 
upon one of the boards or lath frameworks. Then 
get some of the specimens you wish to dry and 
spread them out flat upon the paper. Cover the 
specimens with two other sheets of paper : then 
spread some plants over them, and proceed in this 
manner till you have a pile of no great thickness. 
Cover the uppermost with two sheets of paper and 
place a board or lath framework on the top. After 
this pile on weights on the top of the boards. These 
weights may consist of anything so long as they are 
heavy enough to press the specimens flat. Change 
the paper once in twenty-four hours for the first 
week, and once in two or three days afterwards, till 
the specimens are perfectly dry and relatively rigid. 
Use perfectly dry paper, each time you change the 
specimens. You may have any number of presses 
going at the same time. Put the plants into press 
while yet quite fresh ; and when changing the speci¬ 
mens for the first few times see that leaves and 
flowers are properly spread out and flat. 
Communications Received.—A. Methven.—Wm. 
Cruickshank. — Castle Boro.—F. Jones. — John 
Plummer.—A. Hendry.—T. Moir.—S. Davis.—W.— 
T. B.—West.—Tyro.—Wasp.—J. Emery.—Extenso. 
—L. Y.—P. T. O. 
■>» - ■ - 
TRADE CATALOGUE RECEIVED. 
John Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, London, S.E. 
— Special Descriptive Catalogue of Tuberous 
Begonias. 
■-- 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
July 14 th, 1896 . 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 
39, Seed Market, Mark Lane, report larger supplies 
of English Trifolium incarnatum and lower qualities 
offer on easier terms, but cleanest lots are held for 
full prices. New Rapeseed promises to be cheap. 
New English Italian Ryegrass is of good quality 
and offers at reasonable prices. 
OOITTSITTS. 
PAGE. PAGE 
Amateurs, hints for .736 
Begonii kewensis .740 
Carnation,cultivation of the739 
Carnations at Chelsea .733 
Dianthus Napoleon III.740 
Floral Isle, a.737 
Gooseberry Whinham’s 
Industry.738 
Lambeth Flower Show.732 
Melon plants, canker in.738 
New Brighton Rose Show 735 
Newcastle Summer Flower 
Show .739 
Orchids at the sale rooms 732 
Plant Houses, the .735 
Reading and District Gar¬ 
deners’ Mutual Improve¬ 
ment Association.734 
Reading, hardy flowers at 738 
Roses in 1896.731 
Royal Horticultural.741 
Societies.741 
Syon House .739 
Tunbridge Wells Flower 
Show .741 
Vegetable Calendar .735 
Violas from Hawick .734 
Watering .743 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET 
July 15 th, 1896. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices, 
t. 4 
Apples.per bushel 
Blackcurrants J sieve 6 6 
Red „ J sieve 3 3 
Cherries half sieve... 4 0 
Nova Scotia Apples 
per barrel 
Cob Nuts and Fil¬ 
berts, per 100 lbs. 
*. d. 
7 o 
4 o 
8 o 
s, d. s. d. 
New Grapes, per lb, 1020 
Pme-apples. 
—St. Mlohael's each 26 60 
Strawberries, per lb. c 3 0 g 
Tasmanian Apples, 
I per case 10 0 12 o 
Vegetables.—Average Wholesale Prices 
t. d. 
ArtlchokesGlobe doz. 2 0 
Asparagus,per bundle 
Beans, French, perlb. 0 4 
Beet.per dozen 2 0 
Brussel Sprouts, 
per half sieve 
Cabbages ... per doz. 1 o 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 3 
Cauliflowers.doz. 2 0 
Celery.per bundle 1 0 
Cucumbers per doz. 1 6 
Endive, French, djz. 1 6 
i. d. 1. d. j. d. 
3 0 Herbs .per bnnch 02 00 
Horse Radish, bundle 20 40 
6 0 Lettuces ...per dozen 1 3 
3 0 Mushrooms, p. basket i 0 16 
Onions.per bunoh 04 06 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 3 
1 3 Radishes... per dozen 1 0 
Seakale...per basket 
3 0 Smallsalading,punnet 0 4 
Spinach per bushel 20 23 
3 o Tomatos. per lb. 0 2 04 
| Turnips.per bun. 3 0 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. 
Arum Lilies, I2blms. 2 0 
Asparagus Fern, bun. 2 0 
Bouvardlas, per bun. 0 6 
Carnations doz.blms. o 6 
Carnations, doz. bchs.4 o 
Cornflower, doz. bchs.1 o 
Euoharls ...per doz 1 6 
Gardenias ...per doz. 2 0 
Geranium, scarlet, 
doz. bunches 2 0 
Lilinm longiflorum 
per doz. 2 0 
Marguerites, 12 ban. 10 
MaiaenhairFern,i2bs.4 o 
Orchids, doz. blooms 1 6 
Pelargoniums,12 bun. 4 o 
s.d f j. d. 
4 0 1 Pyrethrum doz. bun. 2 0 
3 0 Roses (Indoor), doz. 0 9 
09 „ Tea,white, doz. 1 0 
20 „ Niels . 2 0 
60 ,, Safrano . 1 0 
16 „ (English), 
2 6 Red Roses, doz. 0 6 
5 0 Red Roses, doz. bchs. 2 0 
Pink Roses, doz. 1 6 
5 0 Smilax, per bunch ... 3 o 
Stephanotis, doz. 
4 0 sprays .1 3 
2 0 Tuberoses, doz. 
6 0 blooms .o 3 
12 0 ; Primula, double, doz. 
8 0 I sprays 0 6 
s. d 
4 o 
1 6 
2 1 
4 o 
2 0 
1 0 
6 o 
3 0 
5 o 
2 O 
o 6 
0 9 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices 
I. d. 1. d. 
Atbor Vitae (golden) 
per doz. 6 0 12 o 
Aspidistra, doz. 18 0 36 o 
„ specimen 30 50 
Corkcombs, per doz....4 060 
Calceolaria, per doz. 40 60 
Campanula, per doz. 9 o 12 o 
Coleus, per doz. 3040 
Crassula, per plant 20 30 
Dracaena, various, 
per doz. 12 o 30 o 
Dracaena viridls.doz. g 0 18 0 
Erica,various,per doz.9 0180 
Euonymus, var. doz. 6 o 18 0 
Evergreens,Invar.doz 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 4 0 12 0 
Ferns, small, per 100 4 0 6 o 
Ficus elastica, each 1050 
1. d. j. d 
Foliage Plants, var., 
each 10 50 
Fuchsia, per doz . 40 80 
Heliotrope, per doz. 40 60 
Hydrangea, various, 
per doz. 9 0 18 o 
Ivy Geranium, per doz.4 o 60 
Liliums, various doz. 12 0 24 o 
Lobelia, per doz. 30 40 
Lycopodiums, doz. 30 40 
Marguerite Daisy doz.6 090 
Myrtles, doz. 60 go 
Mignonette . 40 60 
Palms in variety,each 1 o 15 0 
Palms, Specimen ...21 0 63 0 
Pelargoniums, doz. ...6 o 10 0 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, 
per doz. 306 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Auction Sales. 
Protheroe & Morris. 730 
Bulbs. 
Barr & Son .729 
Horticultural Co.729 
T. Jannoch.731 
W. B. Hartland .729 
T. Turner .730 
Chrysanthemums. 
H. J. Jones.731 
Florists’ Flowers. 
J. Laing & Sons .731 
T. Turner .••• 73 ° 
J. Wells .729 
Young &Dobinson.730 
Flower Pots. 
Sankey Sc Sons, Ltd.744 
Garden Sundries, &c. 
W. Barlass.729 
Corry & Co.730 
Hirst, Brooke Sc Hirst,... 729 
A. Outram.744 
A. Potter.744 
A. Wasllieff .729 
C. West .731 
Hardy Plants. 
M. Chapman.729 
T. Turner .730 
Heating Apparatus. 
Thames Bank Iron Co... 744 
Horticultural Builders. 
J. Boyd & Sons.729 
W. Cooper, Ltd.744 
J. Gray. 7 2 9 
H. Priddis. 7 2 9 
W. Richardson & Co.729 
J. Weeks & Co. 7 2 9 
Hose. 
A. Potter. 744 
Insecticides. 
Corry Sc Co.729 
Gishurst Compound.729 
Manures. 
C. Beeson .729 
Clay & Son...729 
W. Colchester.729 
Dobbie & Co.729 
H. G. Smyth.730 
W. Thomson & Sons ...730 
Miscellaneous. 
Darlington’s Handbooks 730 
Gishurstine .729 
Hewitt's Cloth...743 
Tuno Cycles .730 
Smallbone & Son.744 
Smyth’s Baskets.729 
Orchids 
J. Cypher .731 
W. L. Lewis & Co.729 
P. McArthur.731 
F. Sander Sc Co.729 
Roses. 
J. Cowan & Co.730 
F. Perkins.729 
T. Turner .730 
Seeds. 
Daniels Bros.731 
J. Douglas .729 
Sutton & Sons.729 
E. Webb & Sons.731 
Strawberries. 
Bunyard & Co.729 
J. Veitch & Sons.731 
Tents. 
J. H. Brown .744 
H. J. Gasson . 72g 
A. Potter.729 
Vines. 
J. Cowan & Co.730 
FERNS & FERN CULTURE, 
By J. Birkenhead, F.R.H.S. 
How to grow Ferns, with selections for Stove, 
Warm, Cool, and Cold Greenhouses; for Baskets, 
Walls, Wardian Cases, Dwelling Houses, &o. 
Price is.; by post , is. 3 d. 
l t CLEMENT’S INN, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. 
