758 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
July 25, 1896. 
In the section for cut flowers, Messrs. J. and R 
Cal am, Heath, Wakefield, had the best eighteen and 
twelve varieties of Roses. Mr. Thomas Halliday, 
Calverley, took the first award for Dahlias. The 
classes for table decorations, wreaths, and bouquets 
were the means of bringing out some admirable 
exhibits which were much admired. 
Mr. G. H. Shaw, Howden, took the premier award 
for a collection of eight varieties of fruit, and which 
were very creditable. He was followed by Lady 
Beaumont, Carlton Towers. Mr. G. H. Shaw also 
took the leading prizes for a Melon, Nectarines, Red 
Currants, and Strawberries; but was beaten in the 
class for Peaches by Messrs. Shaw Bros. Lady 
Beaumont came in first for Black Grapes; but Lord 
Hotham took the lead for White Grapes. Mr. W. 
Hotham showed the best dessert Cherries ; Mr. G- 
Healas had the largest Gooseberries ; Mr. R. S. 
Sbolfield, Sand Hall, took the leading prizes for 
White and Black Currants ; and Lady Beaumont 
came in first for Raspberries. The latter had the 
best Tomatos and took several other prizes for vege¬ 
tables, including the special prize for a collection. 
Numerous classes were set apart for amateurs and 
cottagers, who showed flowers, vegetables, and fruit, 
the exhibits of the two former kinds eliciting special 
praise and comment. Mr. Wm. Colchester, of 
Ipswich, had a group of plants grown with pure 
Ichthemic Guano. Prizes were also offered for dairy 
produce which drew forth a fairly spirited competi¬ 
tion. 
--.-Jr- 
Questions add snsuiens 
*,* Will our frnnds who send us newspapers be so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged by their so doing. 
The Bordeaux Mixture — James Dymock : Since 
replying to your question concerning this fungicide 
in last week's issue, we have been able to lay our 
hands upon the early history of the same. It orig¬ 
inated in the neighbourhood of the city of Medoc, 
on the banks of the Gironde, Bordeaux, France. It 
was used in the form of a thick paste consisting of 
lime, water, and copper sulphate. This mixture 
was sprinkled upon vines close to the highways in 
order to deter boys and tramps from pillaging the 
vineyards, in the belief that it was poisonous. How 
long this had been carried on, is unknown. Millardet, 
professor of botany in the faculty of sciences of 
Bordeaux, visited the region of Medoc in 1882, and 
was informed by the vine growers that those portions 
of their vineyards which were dressed with the 
above-mentioned paste did not suffer from mildew. 
Millardet had been searching for a remedy to check 
mildew ever since 1878, when this malady first 
appeared. Shortly after his visit to Medoc, he 
published a suggestion that the use of copper sul¬ 
phate might prevent mildew. Millardet then made 
experiments during 1883 and 1884 to test the effec¬ 
tiveness of this remedy and communicated the 
results to the Agricultural Society of Gironde on 
May 1st, 1895. During that same year he made 
further experiments with more marked success, and 
the vine growers becoming interested, other experi¬ 
ments have been more or less extensively carried on 
since that time. 
Succulents in Summer. — T. B. : It is quite true 
that succulents should be kept quite dry in winter, 
and equally true that they will exist in summer with 
very little moisture at any time, but we do not advo¬ 
cate such a principle. In the case of all those you 
grow for the sake of flowers, they should receive 
good supplies of water during the summer season to 
enable them to make good growth. This will be 
apparent to you when we mention such things as 
Epiphyllum, Phyllocactus, Cotyledon (Echeveria) 
fulgens, and others of those types. The species of 
Cereus, when healthy, delight in a free supply of 
moisture, except in the dull days of winter when 
growth is stationary and growth at alow ebb. Such 
things as we have mentioned delight in good com¬ 
post provided it is well drained; and you cannot 
expect good flowers and plenty of them unless you 
encourage free growth. On the contrary, those 
things which are kept for their grotesque forms need 
not receive much water if you wish to retain them 
in a small state. Pilocereus senilis, Mamillarias, 
and Echinocactus might be mentioned in this 
respect. 
Tomatoes not setting.— Subscriber : Your com¬ 
plaint is a pretty common one this year. The cause 
of the flowers not setting is the extremely dry 
atmosphere. The same thing happened in 1893 
when the summer was exceedingly dry. Tomatoes 
in the open air are much worse than those under 
glass, because in the latter case the atmosphere can 
be kept more soft and humid. Under glass we have 
noted that those close to open ventilators, especially 
the top ones, lose more flowers than those lower 
down. Whether you can apply a remedy to plants 
in the open air is doubtful. Possibly the loosening 
of the surface soil, mulching and then watering it 
occasionally while the excessively' dry weather pre- j 
vails, would alter matters a bit. We cannot say 
whether open troughs stood in front of the plants 
and kept filled with water, would have any 
appreciable effect upon the setting of the flowers. 
It might be tried, however, as it could do no harm 
while the drought continues. When the weather 
breaks we would remove the troughs, and also the 
mulching so as not to encourage disease. 
Tints of Coi.our. — Rubens ; The species of 
Chelone are either rosy-purple or white. In one case 
the flowers are orange-scarlet. We have not seen 
any species or varieties of Passiflora with flowers the 
colour of shellac. Botanical descriptions do not 
enable us to judge the exact colour of those not under 
cultivation. Logwood as a dye we should describe 
as magenta-red when willow twigs are boiled in it ; 
but other things might absorb a greater quantity of 
the dye and appear much darker. The liquid in 
which the logwood chips were boiled, appeared 
almost black. We are not acquainted with cartha- 
mine-red. The flowers of the plant are yellow, and 
the dye is extracted. Safflower really contains two 
colouring matters, yellow and red, the latter being 
the most valuable. It is sometimes termed bastard 
saffron ; so that will give you an idea of its hue. By 
using it of different densities, it will dye silk of 
various shades such as rose pink, scarlet and 
crimson In the original state, the dye obtained 
from Carthamus tinctorius may be compared to 
Saffron, a kind of orange-red or orange-scarlet. Viola 
Vernon Lee, Rob Roy, and Jackanapes are all garden 
forms of Viola tricolor maxima. The English name 
of Lathyrus Rotundifolius is Round-leaved Everlast¬ 
ing Pea. 
Manure for Lilies .—Omega : An all-round manure 
would probably suit you as well as any, because most 
likely you would get instructions with it. On the 
contrary you might get superphosphate and kainit, 
of which a small quantity might be mixed with the 
soil at potting or planting time. Then while the 
plants are making their growth you could give the 
surface of the soil a sprinkling with nitrate of soda 
and water it down ;or you could dissolve a tea¬ 
spoonful in a gallon of water for watering the plants. 
You must be very careful with Lilies, as you can 
easily overfeed them to their injury. 
Names of Plants .—J.M.: 1, Lycaste Deppei ; 2, 
Lychnis chalcedonica flore pleno ; 3, Campanula 
latifolia ; 4, Sidalcea malvaeflora; 5, Sidalcea 
oregana ; 6, Veronica longifolia amoena ; 7, Achillea 
Ptarmica flore pleno ; 8, Geranium pratense flore 
pleno ; 9, Nephrodium Filix-mas ; 10, Nephrodium 
spinulosum dilatatum.— D. B .; 1. Salpiglossis 
sinuata ; 2, Linaria reticulata aurea purpurea ; 3, 
Linaria repens alba ; 4, Phlox pamculata var. ; 5, 
Lilium pardalinum . —An Old Subscriber : The Annun¬ 
ciation Lily is Lilium longiflorum eximium, 
commonly known as L. Harrisii. It is now in 
flower in the open ; and those flowers obtained at 
the time of the Annunciation are forced. It is also 
called Easter Lily .— Omega : Stipa pennata, the 
Feather Grass. 
Communications Received —G. H. K., New 
South Wales, receiving attention.—Oom Paul.— W. 
H. A.—P.— L. R. T.—J. M.—Cafe.—Aye.—Derby. 
—Brentford.— H. May.— Esto. — J. Symes.—Shirley 
Gardeners. — The Land of the Free. 
--—*»- 
TRADE CATALOGUE RECEIVED. 
Herb & Wulle, Naples, Italy.—General Cata¬ 
logue of Bulbs and Plants. 
OoZtSTTIEjJSrTS. 
PAGE PAGE 
Allamanda Williamsonii ...756 Highgate Horticultural 
Amateurs, hints for .752 , Society . 749 
Australian Garden Flowers755 Horticultural Sundries . 754 
Australia, practical fruit- Iris laevigata at Long 
growing in .756 Ditton . 753 
Begonia kewensis . 756 Leyland, Hardy Flowers 
Books, Notices of . 757 from.756 
Carnation J im Smith. 750 Melon,a good green-fleshed 756 
Carnations at Edenside ...749 Orchid Houses, the .751 
Carnations, modem pro- Orchid Notes & Gleanings 755 
gress in . 747 Plants recentlyCertificaied 750 
Dane Park, Margate . . 748 Rhea Fibre, cultivation of 
Devon and Exeter Gar- the . 749 
deners’ Association.757 RoyalHorticultural Soc’ety’s 
Dianthus Napoleon III. 756 Examination.753 
Floral Isle, a. 753 Science Gleanings.755 
Flower Garden, the .751 Selby Flower Show .757 
Fruit Under Glass.757 Shamrock, the. 748 
Garden Miscellany.756 Streptocarpus Wendlandii 756 
Vegetable, a new .756 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET 
July 22nd, 1896. 
Fruit,—Average Wholesale Pricis. 
1. d t. i. 
Apples.per bnshel 
Black Currantsi sieve 6 6 70 
Red „ \ sieve 33 40 
Cherries half sieve... 40 80 
Nova Scotia Apples 
per barrel 
Cob Nuts and Fil¬ 
berts, per 100 lbs. 
s. d. t. d. 
New Grapes, per lb. 10 so 
Pine-apples. 
—St. Miobael's each 26 60 
Strawberries, per lb, 
Tasmanian Apples, 
per case 
Vegetables.—Average Wholesale Prices 
l. d. 
ArtlchokesGIobe doz. 2 0 
Asparagus,per bundle 
Beans, French, perlb. 0 4 
Beet.per dozen 2 0 
Brussel Sprouts, 
per half sieve 
Cabbages ... per doz. 1 0 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 3 
Cauliflowers.doz. 2 0 
Celery.per bundle 1 0 
Cucumbers per doz. 1 6 
Endive, French, doz. 1 6 
I, d. I. d. 
3 0 Herbs .per bunch 0 2 
Horse Radish, bundle a 0 
6 0 Lettnces ...per dozen 1 5 
3 c Mushrooms, p. basket 1 0 
Onions.per bnnoh 0 4 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 3 
1 3 Radishes... per dozen 1 t> 
Seakale...per basket 
3 0 Smallsaladlng,punnet o 4 
Spinach per bushel 2 0 
3 0 Tomatos . per lb. o 2 
| Turnips.per bun. 3 0 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
j. d. 
Arum Lilies, rablms. 2 0 
Asparagus Fern, bun. 2 0 
Bouvardias, per bun. 0 6 
Carnations doz.blms. o 6 
Carnations, doz. bchs.4 o 
Cornflower, doz. bchs.1 0 
Euonaris ...per doz 1 6 
Gardenias ...per doz. 2 0 
Geranium, scarlet, 
doz. bunches 2 o 
Lilium longiflorum 
per doz. 2 o 
M?rguerltes. 12 bun. 10 
MaidenhalrFern,i2bs.4 0 
Orchids, doz. blooms 1 6 
Pelargoniums,12 bun. 4 0 
s. d s. A. 
4 0 Pyrethrum doz. bun. 2 0 
3 0 Roses (indoor), doz. 0 9 
09 ,, Tea,white, doz. 1 0 
20 ,, Niels . 2 0 
6 0 ,, Safrano . 1 0 
16 „ (English), 
2 6 Red Roses, doz. o 6 
5 0 Red Roses, doz. bchs 2 o 
Pink Roses, doz. 1 6 
4 0 Smilax, per bunch ... 3 0 
Stephanotis, doz. 
4 0 sprays . 1 3 
2 0 Tuberoses, doz. 
6 0 , blooms . o 3 
12 0 Primula, double, doz. 
6 0: sprays 0 6 
s. d. 
0 0 
4 0 
I 6 
0 6 
2 3 
0 3 
s. d 
4 0 
1 6 
2 0 
4 o 
2 0 
9 o 
6 0 
2 o 
5 o 
2 0 
0 4 
0 6 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices 
1. d. 1. d. 
Arbor Vitae (golden) 
per doz. 6 0 12 0 
Aspidistra, doz. 18 0 36 o 
„ specimen 30 50 
Corkcombs, per doz....4 0 60 
Calceolaria, per doz. 40 60 
Campanula, per doz. 60 90 
Coleus, per doz. 3040 
Crassula, per plant 20 30 
Diacaena, various, 
per doz. 12 o 30 o 
Dracaena viridis.doz. 9 0 18 0 
Erica,various,per doz.g 0180 
Euonymus, var. doz. 6 0 18 o 
Ev0rgreens.invar.doz 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 4 0 12 0 
Ferns, small, per 100 4 0 6 a 
Ficus elastica, each 1050 
«. d. 1. A 
Foliage Plants, var., 
each 1 0 5 0 
Fuchsia, per doz. 4 0 S 0 
Heliotrope, per doz. 40 6 c 
Hydrangea, various, 
per doz. 6 0 12 o 
Ivy Geranium, per doz.4 o 60 
Liiiums, various doz. 12 0 24 o 
Lobelia, per doz. 30 40 
Lycopodiums, doz. 30 40 
Marguerite Daisy doz 60 90 
Myrtles, doz. 60 90 
Mignonette . 40 60 
Palms in variety,each 1 0 15 0 
Palms, Specimen ...21 o 63 o 
Pelargoniums, doz. . .6 o 10 o 
Pelargoniums, scarlet, 
per doz. 306 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS 
Auction Sales. 
Protheroe & Morris 
Bulbs. 
Barr & Son 
W. B. Hartland 
Horticultural Co 
S. J. Hubert . 
T. Jannoch. 
T. Turner . 
C. G. Van Tubergen 
Chrysanthemums. 
H. J. Jones. 
Florists’ Flowers. 
J. Douglas.745 
J . Lalng & Sons . 747 
T. Turner . 746 
C. Walker .745 
J, Welis .745 
Young & Dobinson.74® 
Flower Pots. 
Sankey & Sons, Ltd. 760 
Garden Sundries, &c. 
W. Barlass.745 
Corry & Co.745 
Hirst, Brooke & Hirst.... 745 
A. Outram.747 
A. Wasilieff .745 
Hardy Plants. 
M. Chapman.745 
T. Turner . 746 
Heating Apparatus. 
Messenger & Co. 760 
C. W. Smallbone & Co ....760 
Thames Bank Iron Co... 745 
Horticultural Builders 
J. Boyd & Sons.745 
W. Cooper, Ltd. 760 
J. Gray.745 
H. Pnddis .745 
W. Richardson & Co. 760 
J. Weeks & Co.745 
Insecticides. 
Corry & Co. .. 
...-745 
Gishurst Compound .. 
Manures. 
C. Beeson . 
Clay & Son.-. 
W. Colchester. 
H. G. Smyth. 
• •-745 
W. Thomson & Sons 
... 74 6 
Miscellaneous. 
America . 
—747 
Darlington's Handbooks 746 
Gishurstlne . 
Hewitt’s Cloth.. 
—• 75 ® 
Juno Cycles . 
—746 
Smallbone & Son. 
Smyth’s Baskets. 
Orchids. 
{.Cypher . 
W. L. Lewis & Co. 
P. McArthur. 
F. Sander & Co. 
....745 
Roses. 
J. Cowan & Co. 
-746 
T. Turner . 
Seeds. 
Daniels Bros. 
—747 
Sutton & Sons. 
—745 
E. Webb & Sons. 
• ■•• 7+7 
Strawberries. 
Bunyard & Co. 
—745 
J. Veitch & Sons. 
.-■747 
Tents. 
J. H. Brown . 
H. J. Gasson 
-••745 
A. Potter. 
—745 
Yines. 
J. Cowan & Co . 
Weed Killers. 
Acme Chemical Co. . 
—746 
Harrison. 
. 746 
. 745 
. 745 
745 
745 
746 
745 
747 
Its History, Properties, and Management; 
WITH 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF THE BEST VARIETIES IN CULTIVATION. 
BY 
E. S. DODWELL. 
With Supplementary Chapter on the Yellow Ground. 
Price, is. fid, Post Free, Is. 7d. 
“GARDENING WORLD’’ OFFICE, 1, CLEMENT’S INN, STRAND, W.C. 
