April 18, 1896. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
523 
Large Decorative Palms. 
LATANIA BORBONICA 
In 12J in. Pots. 
8 to 4 ft. high, and S to 6 ft. across. 
KENTIA FOSTERIANA 
In 7 and 8 in. Pots 3 to 4 ft. high. 
Heights above Pots, not including Pot. 
Fine, symmetrical, well-balanced Plants, well 
grown, and in vigorous health. 
Prices on Application. 
niPVQHMQ Nurseries ’ 
UlUIVOUItuj Chester. 
TO GRAPE GROWERS. 
We can supply fine, well-ripened, short-jointed 
Canes of 
Black Hamburg 
Alicante. 
Gros Colmar, 
Muscats. 
Buckland’s Sweetwater. 
And Other Varieties. 
Prices and Particulars on Application. 
QflftSQ Nurseries, 
UluHdUllO'C HESTER. 
i LINCOLN SEEDS. 
< ► 
< Grown in the driest climate in England. * 
< > 
; EXTRA PEAS SELECTED. \ 
i Perfect Gemination. Catalogue Free. ► 
| PENNELL & SONS, ^ LINCOLN ; 
BEES! BEES!! BEES!!! 
And Bee-keeping Appliances of every description. 
Large stock on hand for delivery at a minute’s notice. 
Send for Catalogue of 160 Illustrations, 8o pages ; also my new 
Horticultural and Poultry Catalogue, post free. 
T. B. BLOW, Welwyn, HERTS. 
TUBEROUS BEGONIAS 
With large, round Flowers, stiff erect habit; 
brilliant colours, best that money can buy. 
SINGLES, for pot culture and exhibition, in 12 distinct 
colours. 
12 very good, 4s.; 24 for 7s. I 12 extra fine, 12s.; 24 for 20s. 
12 very fine, 8s.; 24 for 14s. | 12 very finest, 18s.; 24 for 30s. 
SINGLES, for bedding, specially selected. All colours 
mixed, 3s. per doa. ; 20s. per 100. In 12 separate colours, 
3s. 6d. per doz.; 25s. per 100. Extra fine, in 12 separate colours, 
5s. per doz. 35s. per 100. 
DOUBLES, good selected, is. each : 8s. per doz. Fine 
selected, is. 6d. each ; 12s. per doz. Very fine selected, 2S. 6d. 
each ; 6 for 13s. ; 12 for 24s. Seed, is., is. 6d., and 2s. 6d. per 
packet. Quality of above guaranteed satisfactory, or cash 
returned. All free for cash with orders. 
H. J. JONES, 
Ryecroft Nursery, Lewisham. 
Town Close Nurseries, NORWICH, 
ORCHIDS. 
Clean Healthy Plants at Low Prices. 
Always worth a visit of inspection. Kindly send for Catalogue. 
JAMES CYPHER, 
Exotic Nurseries, CHELTENHAM. 
H ardy border & herbaceous 
PLANTS, &c.—FORBES’NEW Illustrated Descrip¬ 
tive Priced CATALOGUE FOR 1896 , 146 pages, gives all 
particulars, including COLOUR, HEIGHT, SEASON of 
FLOWERING, &c., &c., of thousands of these marvellously 
varied and highly-popular flowers, free on application.—JOHN 
FORBES, Hawick, Scotland. 
CUTHBERTSON’S NEW VIOLAS 
FOR 1896. 
Mrs. Mitchell, William Haig, and Sweetness, are 
the Sensation of the Season- 
They mark the greatest advance made in Violas in recent 
years. W. HAIG is judged the BEST BLUE ever raised, 
either for competition or bedding. Every gardener and 
amateur must have them. They were collectively awarded— 
THIRTY-ONE FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES 
last season at leading shows in Scotland and England. Each, 
is. 3d.; 1 of each, 3s.; 10s. per dozen ; 50 for 35s.; 100 for 60s. 
Post or carriage free. Catalogue, with full particulars, free. 
The Trade supplied. 
MICHAEL CUTHBERTSON, 
PRIZE SEED GROWER AND FLORIST, ROTHESAY. 
CARNATIONS. —Winter or Perpetual Blooming. 
Splendid collection. Sole European control of several 
American Novelties. 
CANNAS at prices within the reach of all. 
PELARGONIUMS, ZONAL and DECORATIYE. 
The most select collection in the Trade. 
SEE CATALOGUE, POST FREE. 
W. J. GODFREY, F.R.H.S., EXMOUTH, DEYON. 
GRAPE VINES and ROSES. 
JOHN COWAN & CO. have this season a 
large and splendid Stock of Grape Vines suitable 
for fruiting in pots and planting vineries. • 
Also a large and splendid Stock of Tea and other 
Roses in pots. 
Descriptive and priced catalogue post free on 
application to the Company. 
B EG to offer the following in well-rooted 
healthy stuS, true to name, and carriage free at prices 
quoted. Per doz. 
Chrysanthemums, Japanese and incurved, choice 
sorts from our splendid collection, per 100, 
2is„ six for 2s. 3 6 
„ Six grand new exhibition varieties, 3s. 6d. 
Dahlias, Show, Fancy, and Cactus flowered from our 
superb collection, six for 2s. 6d. 4 6 
„ Select Exhibition varieties, six for 3s. 6d. 6 0 
Salisbury white, the charming new pure 
white Cactus, splendid for cutting, each is., 
three for 2s. 6d. 
„ Six grand new Cactus varieties of 1895. 
A splendid set 10s. 
„ Three superb decorative varieties, including 
Grand Duke Alexis, 2s. 6d.; 
„ Pompone, new and select varieties, six for 
3s. 6d. 6 0 
Fuchsias, single and double-flowered, including all 
the finest sorts, six for 2s. 6d. . 4 6 
Six grand new and select varieties, including 
Princess May, 3s. 6d. 
Pelargoniums, single-flowered. Zonal. A very fine 
collection, all Autumn struck, six for 3s. 6d. 6 0 
,, Six grand new varieties, Pearson's, 7s. 6d. 
,, Double-flowered, Zonal, very choice sorts, 
six for 3s. 6d. ... 6 0 
„ Ivy-leaved double, charming varieties for 
pots, hanging baskets, &c., six for 3s. 6d. 6 0 
„ „ „ Queen of Roses. The magnifi¬ 
cent new magenta-crimson, each is. 6d., 
three for 4s. 
Carnations, Hon. J. Lowther, grand scarlet, selt, 
each is. 6d., three tor 4s. 
„ Mrs. Thornhill, beautiful salmon-pink, is., 
three for 2s. 6d. 
,, Choice named sorts, six or 3s. 6d. . . 6 0 
Oxlip, Prince of Orange, immense heads of orange- 
yellow flowers, a gem, each gd., three for 2s. 
DANIELS BROS., 
Town Close Nurseries, Norwich. 
THE VINEYARD & NURSERIES, 
Garston, near Liverpool. 
NICOTINE SOAP. 
Insecticide for washing, dipping, or 
syringing plants. 
(Introduced 1870.) 
Manufactured in Bond, free of duty. 
Greatly improved in make and strength. 
Prices Largely Reduced. 
Nothing can equal it for the eradication of all insect pests that 
affect plants, and it is a boon to fruit growers. It thoroughly 
cleanses without the slightest injury to foliage or young fruit. 
In stone bottles, the original size, is., 2s. 6d., 5s. 
In drums, 12 lbs., 13s. 6d.; 28 lbs., 25s,; 56 lbs, 50s. 
To be had of the Seed & Nursery Trade generally. 
Manufacturers— 
CORRY & Co., Ltd., London. 
Vi£H\MMMDE P x FJ?GWif STAKING flOVELTIES 
CATALOGUE POST FREE 3 £? 
I Ck/ai, ft 
G 
For Index to Contents see page 535. 
" Gardening Is the purest of human pleasures, and the greatest 
refreshment to the spirit of man.”— Bacon. 
Cfjif liWltL 
Edited by J. FRASER, F.L.S. 
SATURDAY, APRIL 18 th, 1896. 
NEXT WEEK’S ENGAGEMENTS. 
Tuesday, April 21st.—Royal Horticultural Society : Meeting 
of Committees at 12 o’clock ; special Auricula and Primula 
Show. 
Sale of Imported Orchids by Messrs. Protheroe& Morris. 
Wednesday, April 22nd.—Chesterfield and District Spring 
Show. 
Sales of florists’ flowers, stove and greenhouse plants by 
Messrs. Protheroe & Morris. 
Friday, April 24th.—Sale of imported and established 
Orchids by Messrs. Protheroe & Morris. 
Saturday, April 25th.—National Auricula Society’s Show 
(Northern section) at the Royal Botanical Gardens, Man¬ 
chester. 
fcrpHE EFFECTS OF LATE SPRING FROSTS.— 
W Though the winter, which has just 
passed, was of a remarkably mild charac¬ 
ter, it affords little satisfaction to the 
general cultivator to be reminded that more 
damage may be done by late spring frosts 
during the present and next month than 
during a relatively severe winter. Vegeta¬ 
tion of a relatively hardy character suffers 
less in winter than after growth has actively 
commenced in spring, or while yet tender 
during the first half of summer. 
Dr. Somerville, Professor of Agriculture 
and Forestry, Durham College of Science, 
Newcastle-on-Tyne, has summarised the 
information collected relating to the frosts 
in May, 1894, and in the early part of 1895, 
and his report is published in the Tran¬ 
sactions of the English Arboricultural 
Society, Vol. III., Part I. He classifies 
frosts in three groups, namely, autumn 
frost, winter frost, and late frost, the latter 
of which occurs in spring and early sum¬ 
mer, and the most to be dreaded by 
foresters. Curiously enough, the greatest 
injury occurred to Beech, Oak, Larch, and 
Spruce ; in the case of th£ Beech more 
especially we can fully confirm this opinion. 
Dr. Somerville says that when the tem¬ 
perature of a plant in leaf falls below 32 0 
Fahr., the cells of the leaves are induced to 
part with some of the water they contain, 
and this passing into the intercellular 
spaces is there converted into ice. The 
more solid contents of the cells, being a 
solution of various sugars, salts, &c., do 
not freeze until the temperature falls some¬ 
what lower than the freezing point of water. 
As the temperature keeps falling more 
water is abstracted and frozen, but the 
more water abstracted the stronger does the 
solution become, or, in other words, the 
greater its density, so that its freezing point 
falls in proportion. The loss of water from 
