190 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
November 23, 1889. 
prize for the best reflexed went to Mr. W. Jones for a 
fine deep bloom of CulliDgfordi. Stands of Chrysan¬ 
themum blooms, not for competition, formed an 
attractive feature of the show. Those exhibited by 
Messrs. Eay & Co. were numerous and of good quality, 
amongst them being Mdme. Baco, Mrs. Falconer 
Jameson, and W. G. Drover. Mr. Fred Hart, of 
Ospringe Nursery, Faversham, made a fine display of 
about fifty varieties of cut blooms, containing many of 
the new ones. Mr. Hart also exhibited a collection of 
Potatos (27 varieties), including his new seedling, Duke 
of Fife, which is stated to be an immense cropper. 
Every opportunity is taken by the enthusiastic 
executive of this society to make their exhibition 
popular, and during the dinner hour on Thursday 
children were admitted on payment of Id., exactly £2 
being taken at the doors in bronze within the space of 
an hour. In the afternoon of the same day the inmates 
of the workhouse were admitted. 
Bolton. 
The third show held by the Bolton and District 
Society, took place on the 15th and 16th inst., and it 
is gratifying to report that it marked a decided advance 
on its predecessors, the entries being more numerous, 
and the quality of the exhibits much improved. The cut 
blooms were very good and the competitions generally 
keen. The groups, too, were very nicely put up, as 
also were other collections of miscellaneous stove and 
greenhouse plants arranged for effect. These, indeed, 
added greatly to the adornment of the Town Hall. 
Specimen plants were only fairly good, but the display 
of plants for table decoration was excellent. Amongst 
fruit, Grapes were not extensively staged, but the 
quality was very good. The local amateurs and 
cottager’s exhibited in an unusually creditable manner, 
the latter class showing Leeks, Onions and Celery es¬ 
pecially, of very fine quality. Messrs. Dickson, Brown, 
& Tait, of Manchester, sent a fine collection of small 
Palms, and Erica hyemalis, Cyclamens, &c. well grown 
and nicely flowered. The show was a very creditable 
one all round, and the arrangements reflected much 
credit upon Mr. Hicks and his energetic committee. 
Birkenhead. 
The Birkenhead and Wirral Chrysanthemum Society 
held its third exhibition on the 14th inst., and was 
unfortunate in having bad weather to contend with, as 
it rained nearly all day and was so dark that the judges 
had the greatest difficulty in making their awards. 
The show was a good one too, well arranged by the 
secretary, Mr. Austin Houghton, and the blooms 
generally were of admirable quality. The entries were 
numerous all round, and in the fruit classes particularly 
so, and some grand Grapes were displayed in this 
department, likewise Apples and Pears. Primulas and 
Mignonette were both shown in grand form ; but the 
bouquets, staged by both amateurs and nurserymen 
were poor, being generally far too crowded and lumpy. 
A fine collection of some fifty dishes of Apples, from 
the nurseries of Messrs. Dicksons, Limited, Chester, 
was much admired. 
--- 
giBtfitav*?. 
With great regret we have to record the death, at the 
Oxford and Cambridge Mansions, N.W., on the 15 th 
inst., of Mr. Kobert Marnock, aged eighty-nine 
years. Mr. Marnock, who retired into private life some 
years ago, may be said to have been unknown to the 
rising generation of gardeners, but to most of the 
seniors of the profession he was known in his time as 
a landscape gardener of high repute, for he practised 
the art with rare skill and ability, and left the impress 
of a master mind on every place he took in hand. We 
believe his first work of any importance was the laying- 
out of the Sheffield Botanical Gardens, about 1837. 
This led to his being appointed to lay out the Pioyal 
Botanic Society’s Garden in Regent’s Park, of which he 
ultimately became the superintendent, and director of 
the flower shows, both of which offices he held for 
many years, with great advantage to the society and 
to horticulture. The gardens grew, as it were, under 
his loving care until they became the most beautiful of 
their kind in the country. He also made the flower 
shows of his day at the Park things to be remembered 
of the past, and he it was who first attempted to arrange 
a flower show in a natural and picturesque manner. 
How he succeeded every visitor to a Regent’s Park show 
knows full well, for the show ground as it now stands 
was his work, and it has never been excelled anywhere 
else. It is impossible here to name any of the 
numerous stately houses of England which were embel¬ 
lished by him—they are mostly all well known, and 
will be the best monuments to his memory. In early 
life he was a frequent contributor to horticultural and 
botanical literature, and for several years was editor of 
The Gardeners' and Farmers' Journal, in which work 
he was assisted by the late Mr. Thomas Moore, previous 
to that gentleman joining forces with the late Dr. 
Lindley in the management of The Gardeners' Chronicle. 
When he retired from the Curatorship of the Regent’s 
Park Gardens, Mr. Marnock was presented with a hand¬ 
some testimonial by the exhibitors, by whom he was— 
as, indeed, by all who knew him—regarded with 
extraordinary affection and esteem, his ever kindly and 
courteous disposition winning for him the high regard of 
all who came in contact with him. 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
Books.— J. R . Bennett : Mrs. Loudon's Amateur Gardeners’ 
Calendar, published by F. Warne & Co. 
Chrysanthemum. — A Constant Reader : The foliage aDd flower 
shows that it has nothing in common with Madame Desgranges. 
The bloom most closely resembles James Salter, and that is what 
we should think it is. 
Chrysanthemum Sports. — J.Pamplin: The Chrysanthemum 
you send us as a sport from the' Golden Christine has reverted 
to the Peach Christine, or something so very nearly like it that 
it would be difficult to determine whether it is a shade or so 
darker than that old variety or not without having it at hand for 
comparison. It-ris, however, in our opinion, a prettier variety 
than the so-called Golden Christine, and you may continue to 
keep it in your collection both as a variety and to see whether 
it will remain constant. You may also compare it with the 
Peach Christine if you should happen to meet with it. The 
flowers of that variety are rose-pink tinted with lilac, while the 
Pink Christine is paler and light pink. The two are occa¬ 
sionally confused by growers. 
Cutting Down Chrvsanthemums.— X. Y. Z. : Take your 
cuttings at the usual time, and grow the plants on in the usual 
way until about the first week in June. Then cut them back to 
within some 6 ins. of the soil. As soon as the stems break, 
select two or more of the best shoots, according to your require¬ 
ments, and rub the others off. Then re-pot into the flowering 
pots, and treat them in the usual way. You will find a capital 
article on the subject in our issue for May 11th last. 
Cuttings of Chrysanthemums. — Amateur: Yes, the suckers 
that come up from the soil at the base of the stems make the 
best plants. Always select the strongest, but not necessarily 
the longest, if they exceed 3 ins. or 4 ins. in length. If the base 
is somewhat firm so much the better, and it should be dressed 
with a sharp knife, and inserted firmly round the sides of a 
60-size pot. Before commencing to put them in place a layer 
of clean silver or river sand on the top, and it will keep the soil 
all the sweeter. Keep the frame closed until the cuttings give 
evidence of being rooted, by commencing to grow. In the event 
of frost, remove the pots to a greenhouse, and stand them on a 
shelf near the glass. 
Hair as a Manure.— J. McK. asks “if haifl is of any value 
in the successful cultivation of Roses, and in what way they 
would be benefited by it.” Hair when used as a manure, is very 
slow in decomposition, and is consequently a long-lasting 
manure, rich in nitrogen, an element of plant food nearly always 
in request. In consequence of its solubility, it is always liable 
to he washed away into the drainage, and so become lost as a 
food for plants. 
Names of Plants. — Hardy Evergreen: Ceanothus azureus, 
var. either Sceptre d Aznr or Gloire de Versailles. S. Carman : 
I, Erica gracilis ; 2, E. caffra ; 3, E. hyemalis. •/. C.: 1, Coton- 
easter microphylla ; 2, C. Simonsii; 3, Aster Nov* Angli*; 4, 
Linaria purpurea; 5, Gilia tricolor. 31. Martin: 1, Adiantuin 
formosum; 2, Nephrodium decompositum glabellum ; 3, Aspi- 
dium (Cyrtomium) caryotideum ; 4, Woodwardia radicans; 5, 
Platyloma rotundifolia ; 6, Pteris hastata. 
Night Soil. — Cultur: Your deceased gardener was a wiser 
man than his successor would seem to be. As a fertiliser night 
soil is more valuable than either horse or cow manure, because 
it. contains a greater quantity of nitrogen, and is therefore highly 
stimulating to plant growth. It is prepared for use in various 
ways, the chief object being to deodorise it, that is, to remove 
the offensive odour and prevent the loss of ammonia by exposure 
to the atmosphere while decaying. It should not be applied to 
the soil for any crop or put near to the roots of plants in a fresh 
state, hut should undergo some preparation, and perhaps the 
simplest way is to mixAt with dry earth or charcoal, or both 
combined, and it would be made more valuable still if the ashes 
from burnt garden refuse he added to it, as these contain a 
considerable amount of potash. Let the heap he kept for a few 
months before using it, like any other manure. 
Communications Received. —F. G. D.—W. G.—F. R. S — 
T. F. R —E. W. & S.—B. L.—A. G.-R. D—H. A. P. (next 
week)—J. P.—J. L.—J. W.—M. McL.—J. George—W. T , Junr. 
J. W. T.-A. H.—A. A.—A. G. 
-- 
THE WEATHER. 
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean reading 
of the barometer during the week ending November 16th, 
was 30 21 ins.; the lowest reading was 3012 ins. on 
Wednesday afternoon, and the highest 30'41 ins. at 
the end of the week. The mean temperature of the 
air was 46'8°, and 4'4° above the average in the corre¬ 
sponding weeks of the twenty years ending 1868. The 
mean was below the average on Tuesday and. Wednesday, 
whereas it showed a considerable excess on each of the 
other days of the week. The direction of the wind 
was variable, and the horizontal movement of the air 
averaged 5'2 miles per hour, which was 6'8 miles below 
the average in the corresponding weeks of sixteen years. 
Rain fell on Monday to the amount of O'Ol of an inch. 
The duration of registered bright sunshine in the week 
was 11 "9 hours, against 15 T hours at Glynde Place, 
Lewes. 
-- 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
November 18 Ih. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, report a steady sale for re¬ 
cleaned French Red Clover. White Clover is again 
dearer. Alsike and Trefoil steady. French Italian 
Rye Grass has advanced. Perennial and Irish Italian 
unchanged. 
-- 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
November 10th. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d s.d. 1 s . d . s . d . 
Apples .... ..4-sieve 2 0 7 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 16 3 0 
— Nova Scotia, barrel 12 0 16 0 —St. Michaels, each 2 0 4 6 
Grapes per lb. 1 0 2 6 Plums.j-sieve 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Aralia Sieboldi ..doz. 6 0 IS 0 
Arum Lilies, .per doz. 6 0 12 0 
Begonias, various, 
per doz. 4 0 9 0 
Bouvardias ..perdoz. S 0 12 0 
Chrysanthemums,doz. 6 0 12 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
specimens, each 16 5 0 
Cockscombs _doz. 
Cyperus, ..per dozen 4 0 12 0 
Dracaena term., doz. 30 0 60 0 
s . d . s . d . 
Dracaena viridis, 
per dozen 12 0 24 0 
Erica, various ..doz. 12 0 IS 0. 
Evergreens, in var. ,, 6 0 24 0 
Ferns,invar.iperdoz. 4 0 IS 0 
Hydrangeas. 
Marguerites per doz. 6 0 12 0 
Palms in variety, each 2 6 21 0 
Pelargoniums,scarlet, 6 0 9 0 
Primula .. ..per doz. 4 0 6 0 
ISolanums_perdoz. 9 0 12 0 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s . d . s . d . 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 3 0 
Asparagus ....per 100 
s . d . 
6 0 Herbs .... per bunch 0 2 
Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 
Lettuces .. per dozen 1 
s.d 
0 4 
5 0 
2 0 
Beet .... 
. .per dozen 2 0 
3 0 
Mushrooms, p. basket 1 3 
2 0 
Cabbages. 
... per doz. 1 6 
Onions_ 
per bushel 3 6 
5 0 
Carrots .. 
..perbunch 0 6 
Parsley... 
. per bunch 0 6 
Cauliflowers, English, 
Radishes . 
. per dozen 1 6 
per dozen 3 0 
6 0 
Small salading,punnet 0 4 
Celery ... 
. per bundle 2 6 
Spinach, p 1 
sr strike ..20 
Cucumbers .... each 0 8 
1 0 
Tomatos 
_per lb. 0 6 
0 9 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 
3 6 
Turnips ., 
. ..perbun. 0 6 
Potatos.- Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton ; Kent Kidneys, 
80s. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per con. 
Acicia or Mimosa, s.d. 
French, per bunch 0 9 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms ..3 0 
Azalea_doz. sprays 0 8 
Bouvardias, per bun. 0 6 
Camellias, 12 blooms 2 0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 1 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
12 bunches 3 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
12 blooms 0 6 
Chrysanthemums, 
French, per bunch 0 6 
Dahlias .. 12 bunches 2 0 
Epiphyllum,doz blms 0 6 
Eucharis .. per dozen 2 0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms. 2 0 
Gladioli ..12 bunches 6 0 
Gladioli hrenchleyensis, 
doz. sprays 1 0 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays 0 6 
Hyacinths (Roman), 
doz. sprays 0 9 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 1 0 
Liiac, white, per bun. 5 0 
s . d . 
Lilium, various, 
12 blooms 1 0 
Lilium longiflorum, 
12 blooms 3 0 
MaidenhairFern,12bns 4 0 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0 
Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0 
— (French), .per bun. 1 6 
Narcissus (papr-whit) 
doz. sprays 1 0 
Narcissus (papr-wht.) 
French, dozen buns. 3 0 
Pelargoniums, 12 spys. 1 0 
— scarlet ..12sprays 0 4 
Primula, double, bun. 0 9 
Roses.per dozen 1 6 
Roses, Tea, per dozen 1 0 
— Red.perdoz. 1 0 
— Saffrano .. per doz. 0 9 
S t ephanotis,12 sprays 3 0 
Tuberoses, per dozen. 0 6 
Violets... .12 bunches 1 0 
— French, per bunch 1 0 
SO i — — Parme, per buck 3 0 
Out Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s . d . 
1 6 
6 0 
1 0 
1 0 
4 0 
2 0 
6 0 
2 0 
1 0 
4 0 
1 0 
4 0 
4 0 
12 0 
1 6 
0 9 
1 6 
2 0 
s . d . 
5 0 
6 0 
9 0 
6 0 
4 0 
2 6 
1 6 
6 0 
1 6 
0 6 
1 6 
3 0 
3 0 
2 0 
1 6 
4 0 
1 0 
1 6 
2 6 
4 0 
CONTENTS. 
PAGE 
Amateurs’ Garden, the .... 1S6 
Asters, miniature . 1S6 
Chrysanthemums, large- 
flowered. 179 
Chrysanthemum shows: — 
Birmingham . 1ST 
Birkenhead. 190 
Bolton . 190 
Bromley . 1SS 
Chiswick . 1S9 
Exeter . 1S8 
Faversham . 1S9 
Hitchin. 189 
Kingston . 1SS 
Southend. 189 
Wanstead & Leytonstone 1S9 
Chrysanthemum sports .. 1S3 
Cypripedium Haynald- 
ianum. 1ST 
Dendrobium chrysanthum. 1S7 
Floral decorations. 1S2 
Fruit notes . 1S1 
PAGE 
Gardeners’ Calendar. 1S7 
Gardeners, education of .. 1S6 
Gardeners’ Improvement 
Society. 187 
: Gunnera seabra. ISO 
Ireland, notes from . 1S2 
King-ton challenge vase .. 179 
Lilium neilgherrense. 186 
N.C.S. Show . 179 
Obituary . 190 
Orchid Growers' Calendar 1S7 
Orchid notes . 1S7 
Plants in Schools . ISO 
Root pruning . 1S6 
Scottish notes. 1S3 
Season, the. 1S1 
Single-handed gardeners .. 1S3 
; Sports.1S1 
Symphoricarpus vulgaris 1S2 
Vine borders . 1S1 
Water Hawthorn . 1S6 
Winter moth, the . ISO 
Auction Sales. 
Protheroe & Morris 
J. C, Stevens . 
Bulbs. 
Barr & Son . 
Carter & Co. 
Benjamin Soddy. 
R. Smith & Co. 
R. Sydenham . 
Catalogues. 
Barr & Son . 
G. Bunyard & Co.. 
Carter & Co. 
J. Cheal & Sons. 
Dicksons . 
F. Horsman & Co... 
G. Jackman & Son.. 
Kelway & Son . 
R. B. Laird & Sons 
R. Neal .... 
Benjamin Soddy. 
J. Walters. 
Chrysanthemums. 
W. E. Boyce.. 
J. Laing & Sons. 
Pitcher & Mauda ... 
Clematis. 
G. Jackman & Son.. 
R. Smith & Co. 
Ferns. 
W. & J. Birkenhead 
R. Holmes . 
Smith. 
Florists’ Flowers. 
M. Campbell . 
G. Davidson... 
J. Galvin. 
S. Rogers. 
Sutton & Sons 
Fruit Trees. 
G. Bunyard & Co. .. 
J. Cheal & Sons. 
G. Cooling & Sons .. 
Dicksons . 
G. Jackman & Son.. 
R. B. Laird & Sons 
B. Neal. 
R. Smith & Co. 
Fruit Trees and Roses. 
J. Laing & Sons. 1 
Joshua Le Cornu & Son ITS 
T. Rivers & Son. 191 
R. Smith & Co. 179 
Garden Sundries, &c. 
J. Arnold. 177 
Carson & Sons. ITS 
Geo. Coppin & Sons . 177 
Benjamin Edgington. 192 
H. J. Gasson . 177 
Hirst, Brooke & Hirst... 177 
Geo. Murray.... 177 
Shorland & Co. 177 
H. G. Smyth . ITS 
Standard Manufacturing 
Co. 177 
Taylor & Son . 177 
PAGE 
Albion Lamp Co. 192 
J. Attwood . 177 
Jones & Attwood . 192 
Thames Bank Iron Co.... 192 
Horticultural Builders. 
J. Boyd & Sons . 177 
W. Cooper . 192 
C. Frazer’s Exors . 192 
J. Gray ... . 177 
H. Hope . 177 
E. & F. Newton . 177 
A. Peel & Sons . 177 
W. Richardson & Co. ... 177 
J. Weeks Jt Co . 177 
Insecticides. 
Bridgford's Antiseptic ... 177 
Gishurst Compound ...... 177 
Picrena.... 192 
Manures. 
W. H. Beeson. 177 
Standen’s. 177 
W. Thomson & Sons . 177 
i Miscellaneous. 
1 Epps’ Cocoa. 192 
Gishurstine. 177 
Harrison’s Knitter . 192 
Osman & Co . 192 
A. Outram . 192 
H. M. Pollett & Co. . 191 
Smyth’s Orchid Baskets 177 
Musliroom Spawn. 
Wm. Cutbush & Son. 192 
Orchids. 
F. Horsman & Co. 177 
Hugh Low & Co. ITS 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co. ITS 
P. McArthur . 177 
Plants, various. 
J. Debnam . 177 
B. W. Knight .. 177 
Pritchard & Son. ITS 
Roses. 
G. W. Boothby . 177 
H. English . 177 
G. Jackman & Son. ITS 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co. ITS 
R. Smith & Co. 179 
J. Walters . 177 
Seeds. 
Kelway dr Son.. 179 
R. Smith & Co. 179 
Sutton & Sons.. 177 
Stove and Greenhouse 
Plants. 
Liverpool Ho ticultural 
Co. ITS 
Trees. 
G. Jackman & Son. ITS 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co . ITS 
R. Smith & Co . 179 
F. Wallace . 177 
Vines. 
G. Jaekmnu & Sou. ITS 
Hugh Low & Co. ITS 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co. .. ITS 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 
page Heating Apparatus, 
ITS 
ITS 
ITT 
191 
ITS 
1T9 
1T9 
ITT 
ITS 
191 
192 
179 
ITT 
ITS 
179 
ITT 
179 
ITS 
ITT 
1T9 
ITS 
1T9 
191 
ITT 
ITT 
ITT 
ITS 
177 
1T7 
ITT 
ITS 
192 
ITS 
1T9 
ITS 
177 
179 
179 
