206 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
November 30, 1889. 
Co. sent a pretty group of zonal Pelargoniums in 
flower, also a group of well-grown and bloomed 
Bouvardias and Cyclamens ; Mr. Denning, florist, a 
fine lot of Cyclamens. Messrs. Pope k Sons sent a 
fine lot of winter-blooming plants of zonal Pelar¬ 
goniums, including Le Bruant, fine in mass and colour; 
and a very beautiful variety, Souvenir de Mirande, 
which will find its way into collections. Many other 
exhibits call for notice, but the very crowded state of 
the Hall at all times, even before the judging was 
finished, made note-taking almost impossible. 
Liverpool. 
The annual exhibition held in St. George’s Hall on the 
19th and 20th inst. was hardly up to the usual 
Liverpool standard, a considerable falling off being 
noticeable in the quality of the incurved varieties. 
The Japanese section on the other hand was grandly 
represented, and compensated in some measure for the 
weakness of the others. We have also seen better- 
trained plants here, excepting, perhaps, the Pompons, 
which were very good. Stove and greenhouse plants 
were fairly shown, Orchids somewhat meagrely con¬ 
sidering the locality ; but Roman Hyacinths, as usual 
here, were very fine. 
The great attraction was, of course, the competition 
in the premier class for forty-eight cut blooms, which 
was very keen, and in which the awards were made as 
follows : First, Mr. Foster, gardener to S. H. Thomp¬ 
son, Esq., Thringwell Hall, Broad Green ; second, Mr. 
Edwards, gardener to H. Tate, Esq., Allerton Beeches ; 
third, Mr. Cox, gardener to W. H. "Watts, Esq., and 
fourth, Mr. Gould, gardener to R. N. Dale, Esq., 
Bromboro’ Hall. The varieties shown in this and the 
other classes were the usual well-known sorts, and need 
not here be enumerated. The prizes in all the classes 
were well contested. The fruit classes were not so well 
filled as usual, but the quality was good all round ; and 
the Apples and Pears especially so. Amongst miscel¬ 
laneous contributions we noted a very superior group of 
Cyclamens in front of the orchestra from Messrs. Ker 
& Sons ; a capital group of stove and greenhouse plants 
from the Liverpool Horticultural Co. ; and an excellent 
collection of Apples from Dicksons, Limited. 
Bacup. 
The second exhibition of the Bacup Floral and Horti¬ 
cultural Society was held on the 16th inst., and, like 
the previous one, proved to be a success financially, 
with the gratifying addition, from the promoters’ point 
of view, of the exhibits in all departments showing 
great improvement in quality. One of the largest 
exhibitors was John Harwood, Esq., J.P., whose gar¬ 
dener, Mr. Wilcox, was successful in securing sixteen of 
the prizes. The president, Edward Hoyle, Esq - , J.P. 
(gardener, Mr. Ferguson), was also successful in securing 
awards in many of the competitions. Mr. Bell, gardener 
to Mrs. Roundell, Skipton, secured the premier award 
with twelve Japs, and the same number of incurved. 
Mr. Bell had also the best dozen Japs ; Mr. Wilcox 
the best twelve incurved. Of trained plants Mr. 
Ferguson and Mr. Wilcox had the best six trained 
Japs and incurved varieties respectively. Sir. J. S. 
Sutcliffe, J.P., was also a large and successful exhibitor 
of Chrysanthemums and fruits ; and in the amateurs’ 
competitions, Mr. Joshua H. Hoyle, the indefatigable 
secretary of the society, well proved his skill as a culti¬ 
vator. With table plants, Primulas, Roman Hyacinths, 
hardy Ferns, and Orchids, &c., David Lord, Esq., 
greatly distinguished himself, his group of Orchids 
especially being much and deservedly admired ; and 
not the least pleasant item in the day’s proceedings was 
the presentation of a Gold Medal to this gentleman, 
made on behalf of the society by the president. 
-->-^<-- 
The Gardeners’ Calendar. 
THE STOVE. 
Epiphyllums. —Plants of these are sufficiently accom¬ 
modating to be flowered either in a greenhouse where 
the temperature is suitable for a collection of flowering 
subjects, or in a stove, where a higher degree of heat is 
maintained. When not closely looked after, Epi¬ 
phyllums are very liable to bug and scale, and before 
introducing them to another house—or, indeed, before 
they come into bloom—they should be gone over with 
a small brash and soft-soap or Fir Tree Oil, in order to 
destroy every trace of the pests. Look well into the 
joints and under the branches. 
Gardenias. —Except where these have been forced 
for early bloom, the main batches will now be at rest, 
affording a good opportunity of giving them a thorough 
cleaning. Mealy-bug is very partial not only to 
Gardenias, but [to many other members of the same 
order, and secrete themselves about and amongst the 
buds in such a way that .they are difficult to dislodge, 
and more especially after the plants have come into 
bloom. The usual remedies may be applied, but Fir 
Tree Oil hag - the property of making the foliage look 
fresh and clean. 
Climbers. —Less water is required by these in winter 
than during summer, but it must be remembered that 
evergreen kinds—and especially those with foliage of 
thin texture—are liable to suffer if the soil in which 
they are growing is allowed to get dust dry for any 
length of time. Such must be watered as they require 
it, to maintain the health of the foliage, to keep the 
wood firm, and to plump up the flower buds. Those 
that are planted out cannot be moved elsewhere, but 
those in pots and tubs can be taken to a house with a 
lower temperature, where they will be all the more 
thoroughly induced to rest. Less water, under these 
conditions, will be necessitated, otherwise harm must 
follow. The intermediate house, rather than a cool 
greenhouse, is the best place for such as Allamandas 
and Clerodendrons, because the stems or their branches 
are liable to die under very cool treatment. 
THE GREENHOUSE. 
Flowering Plants. —Where a show of bloom has to 
be maintained through the winter, the place should 
more properly be considered a conservatory, whether 
built after any special design or not. The atmosphere 
of such a house should now be maintained at a steady 
night temperature of 50°, otherwise a display of bloom 
cannot be kept up after the Chrysanthemums are over. 
Damp is another enemy to be specially guarded 
against, or many of the subjects with delicate petals 
will soon get spotted, and their beauty marred. All 
superfluous moisture caused" by watering should be 
mopped up immediately the operation is completed, and 
ventilation given on all favourable occasions. 
Roses Planted Out.— Where these are planted out 
in warm houses with the view of getting an early 
supply of bloom, the soil in which they are grown 
should not be overlooked in the matter of watering, 
otherwise the flowers will not be so good as expected. 
This is all the more necessary where the hot-water 
pipes are close to them, and the damage is sometimes 
done before the fact is noticed. 
THE FORCING HOUSES. 
Vineries. —Keep a watchful eye on the young Vines 
in the first-started house, and should they be seen to 
be breaking unequally—that is, if the buds on the top 
of the rods are starting ahead of the others—bend the 
rods down, and keep syringing the lower parts two or 
three times a day until the buds break freely. A night 
temperature of 58° will be sufficient for the present, 
allowing it to run up to 70° with sunshine, which will 
not be over plentiful this month. Vines in pots may 
be forced somewhat harder, giving them a temperature 
of 60° by night, and 70° by day with sunshine. Grapes 
still hanging on the Vines may now be cut, and taken 
to the fruit room ; but the latter, before being so occu¬ 
pied, should be whitewashed, cleaned out, ventilated, 
and a good fire lighted to dispel damp. This cannot 
be so conveniently done after the introduction of the 
Grapes, because the latter shrivel in a short time under 
the influence of much fire-heat, and their keeping in 
good condition would be of short duration. 
Tomatos.— Those who are fortunate iu having a 
supply of these in pots, with unripe fruits hanging 
upon them, should remove them to a forcing pit or 
other place where a moderately high temperature is 
kept up, when the fruits will swell up and ripen 
gradually, furnishing a supply until December. 
Although the flavour is not equal to those grown in 
summer, they will be acceptable. 
THE KITCHEN GARDEN. 
Digging and Trenching. —All work of this kind 
should proceed apace during the present spell of open 
weather. Borders or squares intended for the growth 
of Onions should be heavily manured and dug, giving a 
good sprinkling of gas-lime to kill what pupie of the 
Onion grub may be in the soil. This should be applied 
near the surface. Soot may also be used in the same 
way, both being of manurial value. 
NOTICE TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
Special attention is paid in the columns of The 
Gardening World to the answering of questions on 
all subjects connected with practical horticulture, and 
the naming of Plants (other than Florists’ Flowers) and 
Fruits, in which department the Editor is assisted by 
gardeners and specialists of great experience. 
It is particularly requested that correspondents 
will favour us with their communications as early in 
the week as possible, and that they address them only 
to “The Editor.” 
When sending Flowers or Fruits for identification it 
is requested that not more than six be sent at one time, 
that the specimens he good ones, and all legibly 
numbered. 
-■» >:£< - 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
Books.— A—h— r : The most useful to you would he Chry¬ 
santhemums and their Culture. By Edwin Molyneux, Swanmore 
Park, Bishops Waltham, Hants. Price Is. 
Chrysanthemums. — T. P.: The large flower appears to be 
Japonais. The yellow Pompon is an undoubted sport from 
Snowdrop, and is identical with the variety named Primrose 
League, sent out by Messrs. Davis x Jones some three years ago. 
It is also called Yellow Snowdrop. 
Chrysanthemum Shows : Disputed Judgments.— H . S. : 
Unless expressly stated to the contrary, when a certain prescribe 1 
space is stipulated, we should understand it to mean that it is 
not to he exceeded, not that it should absolutely be filled. If a 
man can win with a smaller collection than the limit allowed by 
the schedule, so much the more is it to his credit. Y'ou have no 
cause of complaint because only two judges were appointed, 
unless a greater number is mentioned in the rules of the society. 
It is a good rule to have three judges, hut many societies only 
have two. The fact of the judges being also members of the 
committee does not disqualify them, but we always doubt the 
wisdom of electing members of the governing body to act as 
censors It is done by the committee of the N. C. S. to some 
extent, hut the practice is not generally approved. 
Green Primrose. — A. Martin: Is it the calyx or the corolla 
which is green? Of the former there are plenty, bnt flowers 
with a green corolla are not common. Could you send us a 
bloom? 
Names of Plants. — J. Friend: The Orchid is Dendrobium 
Linawianum ; the other is Rhododendron arboreum limbatum, 
TP. D. Marks: The Phalsenopsis amabilis of Blume, or the P 
grandiflora of Lindley. J. XV.: 1, Begonia incarnata, var. atro- 
purpurea; 2, Cyperus alternifolius; 3, Begonia metalliea; 4, 
Pelargonium tomentosum. A Constant Reader: Libonia flori- 
bunda. A. A.: Regret we cannot identify your Rose at this 
season. If you will send again, when they are more in 
character, we shall he happy to do our best with it. A. R., 
Jun.: Lonicera fragrantissima. 
Communications Received. —T. W. G.—G. N.—A Northern 
Florist—J C. F.—W. S.—A. D—J. P.—H. H.—A. O.—S. C.— 
W. & J. B.—T. W.—H. J. B.—Random—J. H. (many thanks)— 
C. L. Allen—W. K.—J. G.—R. O. 
—>X<- 
TEADE CATALOGUE RECEIVED. 
William Ethep.ington, Swanscombe, Kent.—Select List of 
Chrysanthemums. 
-- 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
November 25th. 
Messrs, Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, report a slow trade for 
Clover Seed. English Red aud Cow Grass offers 
more freely, hut quality is not fine. American Red is 
dearer. French Red steady. White, Alsike and Tre¬ 
foil unchanged. Heavy Perennial Rye Grass is 2s. 
per quarter higher. 
-- 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
November 27th. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d s . d . i . d . s . d . 
Apples .J- si eve 2 0 7 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 16 3 0 
— Nova Scotia, barrel 12 0 21 0 —St. Michaels, each 2 0 4 6 
Grapes .per lb. 1 0 3 0 Plums.j-sieve 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s . d . s . d . 
Aralia Sieboldi ..doz. 6 0 IS 0 
Arum Lilies..per doz. 6 0 12 0 
Begonias, various, 
per doz. 4 0 9 0 
Bouvardias ..perdoz. S 0 12 0 
Chrysanthemums,doz. 6 0 12 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
specimens, each 16 5 0 
Cockscombs _doz. 
Cyperus, .< per dozen 4 0 12 0 
Dracaena term., doz. 30 0 60 0 
s . d . s . d . 
Dracama viridis, 
per dozen 12 0 24 0 
Erica, various ..doz. 12 0 IS 0 
Evergreens, in var. ,, 6 0 24 0 
Ferns,invar.,perdoz. 4 0 18 0 
Hydrangeas. 
Marguerites per doz. 6 0 12 0 
Palms in variety, each 2 6 21 0 
Pelargoniums,scarlet, 6 0 9 0 
Primula .. ..per doz. 4 0 6 0 
Solanums_per doz. 9 0 12 0 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s . d . s . d . s . d . s . d . 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 3 0 6 0 Herbs _per hunch 0 2 0 4 
Asparagus_per 100 Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 5 0 
Beans, French, per lb. 10 16 Lettuces ..per dozen 16 2 0 
Beet .per dozen 2 0 3 0 Mushrooms, p. basket 13 2 0 
Cabbages_per doz. 1 6 ; Onions_per bushel 3 6 5 0 
Carrots_per bunch 0 6 j Parsley_per bunch 0 6 
Cauliflowers, English, 'Radishes ..perdozenl6 
per dozen 3 0 6 0 Small salading,punnet 0 4 
Celery_per bundle 2 6 Spinach, per strike .. 2 
Cucumbers _each 10 16 Tomatos _per lb. 1 o 16 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 3 6 Turnips _per bun. 0 6 
PoiATOs.-Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton; Kent Kidneys, 
80s. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
