254 
THE GABDENING WORLD 
December 21, 1889. 
THE FORCING HOUSES. 
Vineries.— Growth should now be proceeding apace in 
the earliest house, and as it lengthens a higher temper¬ 
ature should be given. When the bunches show 
themselves, the night temperature may be raised to 65°, 
unless sharp frost prevails, as it has done pretty fre¬ 
quently of late. Excessively high temperatures should 
also be avoided during the day in dark and foggy 
weather. When necessary to ventilate during bright 
days, do so with caution, at the top only, and close 
again while the sun is still strong. A moist growing 
atmosphere should, however, be the order of the day, 
and this can he maintained by keeping the evaporating 
troughs well filled, and by syringing until the flowers 
are about to open, when a drier condition will be im¬ 
perative. Fruit of Lady Downes and Black Alicante 
may still be allowed to hang on the rods, or if con¬ 
venience offers, the bunches may be cut off, bottled, 
and taken to the fruit room. If the atmosphere of the 
latter be kept dry, and at a temperature of 45° or there¬ 
abouts, the Grapes will keep as well as on the Vines, 
while the latter would be greatly improved by their 
removal. 
Cucumbers. —An early sowing may now be made to 
succeed the plants already in bearing. There is always 
considerable risk of losing the plants at this dark 
season of the year, or they receive a severe check when 
being singled off from the seed pots. To avoid this, it 
is a good plan to sow the seeds singly in 60-sized pots, 
so that when shifting them on it will not be necessary 
to break the ball or disturb the roots. Plunge the pots 
in a forcing bed to make the seedlings germinate freely. 
THE KITCHEN GARDEN. 
Currants and Gooseberries. —Where the ground 
occupied with these is not very extensive, it will be 
preferable, where the plantations are getting old, to 
lift a row or so every year or every second year, and 
prepare the ground for planting afresh by heavily 
manuring and trenching it about 2 ft. deep. If a 
reserve stock of young bushes are being grown on in 
the nursery grounds, the best should always be taken 
for the new plantation, as they soon come into bearing, 
and furnish a supply of fruit, so that those that are 
uprooted are not missed. 
Lawns and Pleasure Grounds. —The trees are 
all leafless now, including even the Beeches and Oaks, 
which part with their foliage very reluctantly. There¬ 
fore every effort should he made to have the shrubbery 
and other borders raked out, the lawns swept, rolled, 
and made tidy before the end of the month. An air of 
neatness always gives a fresh and pleasing appearance 
to a garden, even at the dullest period of the year. 
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
How to Cook Cakdoons.— E. Yeaman: The stalks of the 
inner leaves are the parts that are eaten. They should be cut 
into strips about 4 ins. long, and have the prickles removed with 
a flannel. Cardoons Boiled. —Choose a few sound heads; cut 
them into pieces about 6 ins. long, remove the prickles, and 
blanch them in boiling water for a quarter of an hour. Scrape 
off the skin, and tie them in bundles, cover them with nicely 
flavoured stock, and boil until tender. Drain them, and serve 
on toast with plenty of good melted butter. Five or six heads 
are sufficient for a dish. Cardoons Fried. —Proceed as for boiled 
Cardoons, and when tender melt a little butter in a frying pan, 
drain the Cardoons, dredge them well with flour, and fry them 
until they are nicely browned. Send to table with melted 
butter. Cardoons Stewed. —Cut the Cardoons into pieces about 
4 ins. long, remove the prickles, and put them into a stew-pan, 
cover them with good gravy, and stew gently until tender. 
When sufficiently cooked, thicken the gravy with a little flour 
and butter, and season with cayenne and salt, and add, if liked, 
a glass of sherry. Put the Cardoons on a dish, and pour the 
gravy over them. Serve very hot. 
Mealy Bug on Vines.— Corps: You must prune your old 
Vines, wash them carefully with Gishurst Compound, and then 
paint them with a mixture of soft-s ap, sulphur, and clay (with 
a little soot to darken the latter), well mixed up into the form 
of thick paint; add a small quantity of Stockholm tar, well 
mixing it by boiling, and use when just warm. Next wash and 
cleanse all the woodwork, and limewash the walls. Some will 
be sure to escape, but by keeping a sharp watch on the canes 
from the time the Vines start into growth again, you can get rid 
of it. 
Names of Fkuits.— 3. A. P.: 1, Waltham Abbey Seedlmg ; 
2, Cox’s Pomona. The Pears were out of condition. Please 
excuse the delay. J. Parkinson: 1, not recognised ; 2, a small 
fruit of Beurre d’Aremberg. 
Names of Plants.— J. Parlcinson: Adiantum decorum. W. Y.: 
1, Asplenium Bobinsoni (very rare, only found on Norfolk 
Island); 2, Hypolepis Bergiana; 3, Asplenium ebenum; 4 , 
Dendrobium remulum; 5, next week; 6 , Polypodium diversi- 
folium. P. M.: 1, Begonia maculata ; 2, Begonia metallica ; 
3, Hippeastrum reticulatum; 4, Calathea (Maranta) species: 5 , 
Croton Veitehianum; 6 , Pteris eretica albo-lineata. Oplismenis 
Burmanni variegatus. P. P. : 3, Camellia alba plena. The 
other two are not recognised. 
Primulas.— Corps: See our number for Feb. 9th last (p. 371). 
To Crystallise Evergreess.— Constant Reaxter: There are 
several ways by which Evergreens may be made to appear as if 
under the influence of frost. Ground glass and powdered mica 
are sold at the shops for this purpose, and you may get what 
you want by letting the shopkeeper know what you intend 
doing. There is another method by which you can crystallise 
fresh or dried leaves, or even flowers. Grasses, when dried and 
crystallised, may be preserved for an unlimited time and look 
effective, provided you cover them with a bell-glass, so as to 
exclude dust. Make a strong solution of alum in hot water, and 
when the latter has cooled down, dip the grasses or other 
subjects into it, and allow to dry. The operation may he 
repeated if the first dipping has not left sufficient of the alum to 
form small crystals hanging from the leaves, &c. 
Communications Received.— M. M. — F. T. —E. S. D.— 
W. J. M.—J. McK. (next week).—A. W.—J. W. & Co.—J L.— 
F. H.—A. G.—E. C.—J. P.—Stella. 
-- 
TEADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
James Veitch A Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea.— 
Flower and Vegetable Seeds, Horticultural Implements, Ac. 
Sutton & Sons, Reading.—Amateur’s Guide in Horticulture 
for 1890. 
C. Fidler, Reading.—Vegetable Seeds and Seed Potatos. 
-- 
THE WEATHER. 
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean reading 
of the barometer during the weekending December 7th, 
was 30’26] ins.; the highest reading was 30 '46 ins. on 
Thursday evening, and the lowest 29’S9 ins. on 
Saturday afternoon. The mean] temperature of the 
air was 32T°, and 10'1° below the average in the corre¬ 
sponding weeks of the twenty years ending 1868. The 
mean was considerably below the average throughout 
the week, the coldest days being Monday and Tuesday. 
The general direction of the wind was easterly, and the 
horizontal movement of the air averaged 6’5 miles per 
hour, which was 6.1 miles below the average in the 
corresponding weeks of sixteen years. Rain fell on two 
days of the week to the aggregate amount of 0'2-3 of 
an inch. The duration of registered bright sunshine 
in the week was 8'4 hours, against 10'4 hours at 
Glynde Place, Lewes. 
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LONDON SEED TRADE. 
December 16 th. 
Messrs, Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, E.C., report trade in Clover 
seeds dull. Deliveries of English Red and Cow Grass, 
being of poor quality, are neglected. White Clover, 
Alsike and Trefoil offer freely at prices current last 
week. Rape seed steady. 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
December 18 th. 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s.d. s.d. i 3 r?_ s.d. 
Artichokes, Globe.doz. 3 0 6 0 Herbs _per bunch 0 2 0 4 
Asparagus-per 100 Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 5 0 
Beans, French, perlh. 10 16 Lettuces ..per dozen 16 2 0 
Beet .per dozen 2 0 3 0 ; Mushrooms, p. basket 13 20 
Cabbages-per doz. 1 6 2 6 j Onions_per bushel 3 6 5 -3 
Carrots_per bunch 0 6 , Parsley_per bunch 0 6 
Cauliflowers, English, (Radishes ..per dozen 1 6 
per dozen 3 0 6 0 I Small salading,punnet 0 4 
Celery-per bundle 2 6 Spinach, per strike ..2 0 
Cucumbers _each 1 0 2 0 Tomatos _ per lb. 1 o 16 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 3 6 1 Turnips _per bun. 0 6 
Potatos. —Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton; Kent Kidneys, 
80s. to 100 s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per con. 
Christmas Decorations. 
Cut Evergreen, plentiful 
Cut Mistleto, good, well berried 
Cut Holly, very scarce of berries. 
Out Flowers.—Averz 
Acacia or Mimosa, s.d. s.d. 
French, per bunch 0 9 16 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms ..4 0 8 0 
Azalea_doz. sprays 0 8 10 
Bouvardias, per bun. 0 6 10 
Camellias, 12 blooms 2 0 4 0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 10 2 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
12 hunches 4 0 9 0 
Chry santhe mums, 
12 blooms 0 6 2 0 
Chry santhe mums, 
per 12 bunches 6 0 IS 0 
Epiphyllum,doz. blms 0 6 10 
Eucharis ..perdozen 2 0 4 0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms. 4 0 9 0 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays 0 6 10 
Hyacinths (Roman), 
doz. sprays 0 9 16 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 2 0 4 0 
Lilac, white, per bun. 5 0 8 0 
Lilium, various, 12 bis. 1 0 8 0 
Lily of the Valley do. 4 0 9 0 
Plants in Pots.—Aver 
s.d. s.d. 
Azalea ... .per dozen24 0 42 0 
Aralia Sieboidi ..doz. 6 0 IS 0 
Arum Lilies.. per doz. 9 0 IS 0 
Begonias, various.doz. 4 0 9 0 
Bouvardias ..perdoz. S 0 12 0 
Chrysanthemums,doz. 6 0 12 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
specimens, each 16 5 0 
Cyperus, ..per dozen 4 0 12 0 
Dracrena term., doz. 30 0 60 0 
Dracaena viridis, doz. 12 0 24 0 
3E Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
MaidenhairFern, 12 bns .4 0 9 0 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0 6 0 
Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0 4 0 
— (French)..per bun. 16 2 6 
Narcissus (papr-whit) 
doz. sprays 10 16 
Narcissus (papr-wht.) 
French, dozen bnns. 4 0 SO 
Pelargoniums, 12 spys. 10 16 
— scarlet .. 12 sprays 0 6 0 9 
Poinsettia, 12 blooms 4 0 12 0 
Primula, double, bun. 0 9 16 
Roses.per dozen 10 3 0 
Roses, Tea, per dozen 10 3 0 
— Red.per doz. 10 2 0 
— Saflrano .. per doz. 0 9 16 
Stephanotis ,12 sprays 6 0 8 0 
Tuberoses, per dozen. 10 2 0 
Tulips ....12 blooms 0 9 16 
Violets... .12 bunches 10 2 0 
— French, per bunch 16 2 6 
-Parme, per buch. 3 0 4 0 
ge Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d. 
Erica, various ..doz. 12 0 IS 0 
Evergreens, in var. ,, 6 0 24 0 
Ferns,in var.,perdoz. 4 0 IS 0 
Hyacinths, per dozen 9 0 12 0 
Marguerites per doz. 6 0 12 0 
Palms in variety, each 2 6 21 0 
Pelargoniums,scarlet, 6 0 9 0 
Poinsettia, pel- dozen 9 0 IS 0 
Primula ... .per doz. 4 0 6 0 
Solanums_per doz. 9 0 12 0 
Tulips.12 pots 8 0 10 0 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d s.d. s.d. s d 
Apples .4-sieve 2 0 7 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 10 16 
— Nova Scotia, barrel 12 0 21 0 —St. Michaels, each 2 6 7 6 
Grapes .per lb. 1 0 3 0 Plums.J-sieve 
CONTENTS. 
PAGE 
Amateurs’ Garden. 250 
Calanthes at Syon. 249 
Calceolarias, preserving .. 251 
Carnations at Chiswick .. 244 
Christmas decorations .... 243 
Christmas customs . 248 
Christmas flowers. 246 
Chrysanthemum notes .... 245 
Chrysanthemums, quality 
v. size. 244 
Currant-bud Mite . 252 
Eupatoriums, useful. 262 
Ferns, tropical . 250 
Floral Nursery, the .245 
Floriculture. 248 
Flower Land . 24S 
Gardeners' Calendar. 253 
Gardeners' Improvement 
Societies . 253 
Gardeners, single-handed.. 247 
Gentiana acaulis. 252 
Gleichenia dicarpa longi- 
pinnata. 249 
Kew Gardens .' 214 
Kitchen gardening. 246 
Lyeaste leucantha. 252 
Masdevallia coccinea .... 253 
Maxillaria picta. 953 
Orchid notes . 252 
Primula obconica . 247 
Riviera, the. 252 
Rose of Jericho .252 
Rosery, the. 245 
R. H. S. Programme. 244 
Savin, the common . 250 
Spathiphyllum candidum 252 
Vegetables, monster. 352 
Vine borders .251 
Wall trees, planting. 245 
Winter bedding . 24 s 
Winter protection. 24S 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 
PAGE 
Auction Sales. 
Protheroe & Morris . 242 
Bulbs. 
Barr & Son . 241 
R, Smith & Co. 243 
Catalogues. 
Barr A Son . 241 
W. & J. Birkenhead. 242 
G. Bunyard & Co. 242 
J. Carter A Co. 243 
J. Cheal & Sons. 243 
Dicksons . 242 
W Fromow & Sons . 243 
F. Horsman & Co. 241 
G. Jackman & Son. 242 
B. B. Laird & Sons . 241 
Joshua Le Cornu & Sons 255 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Company . 242 
R. Neal.. 243 
T. Rivers & Son. 242 
R. Smith & Co. 243 
Sutton & Sons. 241 
J. Walters. 241 
B. S. Williams & Son ... 243 
Chrysanthemums. 
W. E. Boyce. 241 
N. Davis . 241 
W. & G. Drover. 241 
Wm. Etherington . 241 
A. J. Manda. 243 
R. Owen . 242 
G. Stevens. 241 
Clematis. 
G, Jackman & Son. 242 
R. Smith & Co. 243 
Coal and Coke. 
G. J. Eveson . 241 
Cut Flowers. 
Gregory & Evans . 241 
Ferns. 
H. Andrews. 241 
W. & J. Birkenhead. 242 
B. Holmes . 241 
Smith. 241 
Florists’ Flowers. 
J. Galvin. 241 
Fruit Trees. 
G. Bunyard & Co. 242 
J. Cheal & Sons. 243 
Dicksons . 242 
G. Jackman & Son. 242 
R. B. Laird & Sons . 241 
R. Neal. 243 
R. Smith & Co. 243 
Fruit Trees and Roses. 
Joshua Le Cornu & Son 255 
T. Rivers & Son. 242 
R. Smith & Co. 243 
PAGE 
Heating Apparatus. 
Jones & Attwood . 256 
Thames Bank Iron Co.... 256 
Horticultural Builders. 
J. Boyd & Sons . 241 
W. Cooper . 256 
C. Frazer’s Exors. 256 
J. Gray. 241 
H. Hope . 241 
E. & F. Newton. 241 
Overend . 25C 
A. Peel & Sons . 241 
W. Richardson & Co. ... 241 
J. Weeks & Co. 241 
Insecticides. 
J. Bentley . 
Bridgford’s Antiseptic 
Fir Tree Oil. 
Gishurst Compound .. 
Geo. Murray. 
Picrena. 
manures. 
W. H. Beeson.„... 241 
Standen’s. 241 
W. Thomson & Sons. 241 
Miscellaneous. 
Epps’ Cocoa. 256 
Gishurstine. 241 
Harrison's Knitter. 256 
Illustrated London News 243 
A. Outram . 256 
H. M. Pollett & Co. 255 
Smyth’s Orchid Baskets 241 
Mushroom Spawn. 
Win, Cutbush A Son. 256 
Orchids. 
F. Horsman A Co. 241 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Company. 242 
P. McArthur . 241 
Plants, various. 
W. Fromow A Sons. 243 
R. B. Wood. 241 
Roses. 
H. English . 241 
G. Jackman A Son. 242 
Keynes, Williams & Co. 242 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co. 242 
R. Smith & Co. 243 
J. Walters . 241 
Seeds. 
J. Carter & Co. 243 
C. Sharpe & Co. 243 
R. Smith & Co. 243 
Sutton & Sons. 24p 
R. Sydenham . 243 
J. Veitch A Sons. 249 
B. S. Williams & Son ... 243 
Stove and Greenhouse 
.... 256 
... 241 
.... 256 
.... 241 
.... 241 
.... 256 
Garden Sundries, &c. 
J. Arnold. 
241 
A. Chandler.. 
241 
Carson & Sons. 
252 
Geo. Coppin & Sons . 
241 
Benjamin Edgington. 
256 
H, J. Gasson . 
241 
Hirst, Brooke A Hirst .. 
241 
Osman & Sons.. 
256 
H. P. Smyth .. 
Standard Manufacturing 
242 
Co. 
241 
John Taylor & Son . 
241 
Plants. 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co. 242 
Trees. 
G, Jackman A Son. 242 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co. 242 
R. Smith & Co. 243 
Vines. 
G. Jackman & Son. 242 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co. 212 
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Small Advertisements, solid type, 6d. per line of about nine 
words. Displayed Advertisements, per inch, 6s. ; per column 
(12 ins. long), £3 5s. ; per half-page, £5; per page, £9. Special 
quotations given for a series. Gardeners and others Wanting 
Situations, thirty words for Is. 6 d., prepaid. 
Postal and Money Orders to be made payable to B. Wynne, 
at the Drury Lane Post Office, W.C. 
*** Advertisements for the current week, and also 
“Stop Orders,” must reach the office not later than the 
first post on Wednesday Morning. 
Notice to Subscribers. 
THE SIXTH VOLUME of THE GAK- 
JL DENING WORLD commenced with the number for 
Sept. 7th. The INDEX to VOL. V. was published with the 
number for August 31st. 
Publishing Office: 17, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, W.C. 
