January 18, 1890. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
311 
shower without either being burnt or getting all their 
petals stuck together. 
It is also important that the plants of a particular 
Rose should be planted at the distance apart best suited 
to the habit of that variety. In old days in was 
commonly recommended to plant Roses three feet apart 
each way; and, no doubt, when the vigorous hybrid 
Chinas were in vogue, this amount of space was quite 
necessary. But there are now so many modern varieties, 
such as the races sprung from Victor Verdier and 
Baroness Rothschild, which, although vigorous enough 
in the sense of possessing abundant vitality, make such 
compact sturdy growth, that to make the best display 
they should not be planted much more than a foot 
apart. Of course, some of the modern Roses are as 
vigorous and strong in growth as many of the old sorts, 
and these will need to be planted at greater distances 
apart; but if the distance be carefully proportioned to 
the habit of the variety, and a dozen or more plants of 
each variety employed be grouped together, there will 
be little fear of the display of bloom being considered 
ineffective, or of Rose beds so planted not being 
decorative. 
The cultivation for several years of almost every 
variety of Rose at all generally grown in this country 
has resulted in the selection of the following kinds as 
the best suited for planting in beds, in groups, or masses, 
for the purpose of producing a decorative display in the 
garden. 
Varieties of which the plants should stand about 1 ft. 
apart: —Baroness Rothschild, White Baroness, Mer- 
veille de Lyon, Marquise de Castellane, Earl of Pem¬ 
broke, Alphonse Soupert, Marie Finger, Caroline 
Swailes, Mrs. Baker, Hippolyte Jamain, Captain 
Christy, Madame Bois, Marguerite de Noman. 
Varieties of which the plants should stand about 1£ 
ft. apart: —Cannes la Coquette, a flesh-coloured 
seedling from La France, and one of the most charming 
and useful of Roses whether for massing, for exhibition, 
or for cut flowers ; Alfred K. Williams, Comtesse de 
Paris (Leveque, 1S32), a very pretty rose-colour, 
immensely free and perpetual ; Viscountess Folkestone, 
Annie Lixton, Duchesse de Vallombrosa, Pride of 
Waltham, Kronprinzessin Victoria, Laurette Messimy, 
a China or hybrid Tea of the most vivid and lovely 
rose colour ; Heinrich Schultheis, Lady Helen Stewart, 
Suzanne-Marie Rodocanachi, Henri Ledeehaux, Sophie 
Fropot ; and of summer Roses, Rosa Mundi, the 
brightest and best worth growing of all the striped 
Roses, commonly, though wrongly, called “York and 
Lancaster” ; and the Scotch Roses in variety. 
Varieties of which the plants should stand about 2 ft. 
apart: —Madame Gabriel Luizet, Charles Lefebvre, 
Anna Alexieff, Prefet Limbourg, a most useful dark 
crimson Rose of great freedom and effect; Boule de 
Neige, Madame Nachury, La France, Ulrich Brunner, 
Jules Margottin, and his lovely daughter Violette 
Bouyer, freest and most charming of white hybrid per- 
petuals ; John Hopper, Julie Touvais, a very early and 
most distinct and attractive Rose, far too little culti¬ 
vated, and Gloire Lyonnaise, a very beautiful Rose both 
in plant and flower, and making always a most striking 
group. 
Roses for Massing. 
It will probably have been noticed that with half a 
dozen exceptions all the roses best adapted for massing 
to make an effective display in the garden are also 
among the best Roses for exhibition, and the more they 
are cultivated as if with a view to producing exhibition 
blooms, the more decorative they will be. The system 
of pegging down is not recommended, the only Roses 
with which its employment has been attended with 
complete success being some of the very vigorous 
mosses, such as Lanei, Captain Ingram, &c. The plants 
should be fairly hard pruned, liberally cultivated, and 
vigorously disbudded ; then there will be a magnificent 
and-effective display of bloom. 
If the beds are large enough to admit of it, they may 
be very well margined or fronted with groups of the 
ever-blooming miniature Polyantha Roses, of which the 
best are Mignonette and Gloire des Polyanthes, pink ; 
Annie Marie de Monravel and Ma Paquerette, whites ; 
and Perle d’Or and Golden Fairy, orange-yellow. 
The best Tea-scented Roses for massing—that is to 
say, the varieties that can most certainly be relied on 
to be effective in any season—are Marie Van Houtte, 
Madame Lambard, Hon. Edith Gifford, Comtesse de 
Panisse, a very handsome and reliable Tea that has been 
unaccountably overlooked by exhibitors ; Anna Olivier, 
Madame Charles, Madame ChedaneGuinoisseau, loveliest 
of yellow buds ; Madame Hoste, most free and con¬ 
stant, a great acquisition, which may also be said of 
Ethel Brownlow; Narcisse, Souvenir de Gabrielle 
Drevet, Princesse de Sagan, a rich velvety maroon- 
crimson Tea, lacking size and fulness for exhibition, but 
ever-blooming and most effective in the garden ; It. 
Iudica (Lowe), a lovely single red Tea, of which a group 
of dwarf plants present a charming appearance through¬ 
out the entire season ; and Jean Ducher, when the 
weather is not wet and cold. 
To obtain large isolated bushes and genuine tree 
standards, the one thing necessary is the employment 
of suitable varieties. Of these, the best are Anna 
Alexieff, Madame Alfred Carriere, Prefet Limbourg, 
Marie Van Houtte, Madame Pernet, Madame Gabriel 
Luizet, Glory of Cheshunt, Madame Nachury, Jules 
Margottin ; and of summer-flowering Roses, Persian 
Yellow, Harrisonii, White Provence, Chenedole, 
Celestial, a Rose similar to, but of far greater beauty 
than Maiden’s Blush, and the double marbled Sweet 
Briar ; of these, the first ten varieties named make 
especially fine large-headed standards. 
Pillar Roses. 
A Pillar Rose, so called, and a Rose-pillar worthy of 
the name, are not of necessity synonymous. The 
requirements in a variety to make a good Rose-pillar 
are, that it should be very vigorous but not too long 
and rampant a climber, very free flowering—perpetual 
if possible—with handsome and abundant foliage, and 
a hardy constitution. The Roses that make the finest 
pillars will generally do so from a single plant, but of 
some varieties it is frequently a good plan to employ 
two or even three plants at the base of each post for the 
better formation of a first-rate Rose-pillar. The best 
Roses for pillars are also the best for covering fences of 
from 4 ft. to 8 ft. high, and for either purpose, 
were it only an autumnal, Madame Plan tier would be an 
ideal variety. As it is, although it flowers but once a 
year, it makes a more beautiful pillar than almost any 
other Rose, for its invariable profusion of bloom and the 
pure whiteness of its flowers, its hardiness, and vigorous 
bushy habit, present all the qualities best adapted to 
the formation of a perfect Rose-pillar with the sole 
exception of not being perpetual In addition to 
Madame Plantier, the following varieties are also first- 
rate Roses for the purpose :—Ophirie, a delightful 
coppery-orange Noisette, making a pillar of extreme 
beauty ; Madame Alfred Carriere, whose large creamy 
white flowers have a most delicious fragrance ; Bouquet 
d’Or and Reve d’Or, both with the additional charm 
of conspicuously beautiful foliage ; Climbing Captain 
Christy, the freest and most valuable of all these 
“climbing” sports ; Max Singer, a useful hybrid Multi¬ 
flora with well-formed cherry-red flowers of good size, 
continuously produced in trusses of from three to seven 
blooms, in spite of the curious fact that it was described 
when sent out by the raiser Laeharme as “ non-per- 
petual, and producing solitary flowers Bardou Job, 
an improved Gloire des Itosomanes, with very large semi¬ 
double deep crimson flowers with darker shades ; the 
summer Roses, Blairii No. 2 and Souvenir de Pierre 
Dupuy, and Rosa macrantha, one of the most beautiful 
of all the single Roses. 
Climbing Roses for High Walls, &c. 
On climbing Roses grown against high walls and 
houses, or over arches of considerable span, there is not 
much to be said, except to urge once more the employ¬ 
ment only of varieties suited to the purpose and to the 
position they are to fill. It is not wise, for the sole 
reason that there is a blank wall or the bare side of a 
a house, to plant against it Marechal Niel, or the tender 
climbing Devoniensis, without any regard to aspsct, 
soil, or climate. There are situations in abundance 
where such Roses will flourish in all their beauty, but to 
consider it necessary to attempt to grow Marechal Niel 
in circumstances under which only an ineffective apology 
for a plant can be produced, merely because it has the 
reputation of being, when at its best, the most superb 
yellow Rose as well as the grandest climber in the world, 
is absurd, and involves a waste of time and energy 
which, if only applied to the cultivation of Roses 
adapted to less favourable surroundings, would at once 
result in a decorative display capable of affording the 
keenest pleasure. In fact, it is the case, heretical as it 
may be to state it, that in spite of the unsurpassed 
beauty of perfect individual flowers of Marechal Niel, it 
is less decorative as a climber, even when fairly well 
grown, than many of the following Roses :—William 
Allen Richardson, Reine Marie Henriette, Reine Olga 
de Wurtemberg, a magnificent climber, very perpetual, 
producing bright crimson flowers, and deserving of very 
extended cultivation ; Madame Berard, Bouquet d’Or 
Emily Dupuy, Aimee Vibert, Celine Forestier, La- 
marque, Princesse de Nassau (musk), Madame Trifle ; 
and the summer Roses, Fortune’s Yellow, Felieite Per- 
petue, Laura Davoust, Splendens, Ruga, The Garland, 
Alice Gray, Flora, Claire Jacquier, the single Rosa 
multiflora, R. m. grandiflora, and the deliciously 
fragrant R. Brunonis (syn. moschata, Crepin).— 
T. IV. Girdlcstone, F.L.S., in Journal of the Royal 
Horticultural Society. 
THE SCOTTISH HORTICUL¬ 
TURAL ASSOCIATION. 
At a meeting of the members of this association, held 
at Edinburgh on the 7th inst. (Professor Bayley Balfour 
in the chair), a paper by Mr. F. W. Moore, curator of 
the Royal Botanic Gardens, Dublin, on “Experiments 
with Manure in Orchid Culture,” was communicated 
by Mr. D. P. Laird. After narrating his experience as 
to uncertainties noticeable in the cultivation of Orchids, 
the writer drew attention to the effect of the appli¬ 
cation of chemical manure to these plants, the special 
manure used being fish potash guano. He had con¬ 
cluded that the continuous use of fish potash was 
beneficial to Orchids. The benefit was not equally 
apparent each year, but it was most marked during the 
second and third years. At the third year the plant 
seemed to attain the maximum size of leaf and pseudo¬ 
bulb which it was capable of attaining. During the 
fourth and fifth years all he could do was to maintain 
the standard of excellence arrived at during the third 
year ; but there was not much difficulty in doing this 
when a little manure was used and ordinary precautions 
observed. 
The writer substantiated his statements as to the good 
effects of the manure by giving the measurements of 
some of the plants he had alluded to. He subsequently 
stated that the effect of manuring on flowering had 
been excellent, both as regarded the number and the size 
of the flowers ; and, further, that the growths, although 
large, were sound and healthy, and no more liable to 
damp off than those formed on plants on which no 
manure had been used. He added that, in applying 
the manure, he adopted certain precautions. He only 
administered it in small quantities once a year ; he 
always incorporated it with the soil, or, in the case of 
plants that were not being potted, he raised the 
sphagnum and scattered it over the soil. He never 
applied the manure in a liquid furm. 
The chairman said that the paper [which we 
hope to publish in our next] was a most valuibe 
one from a practical point of view. Mr. Dunn said 
there was no doubt the kind of phosphorous the fish 
manure contained was a very useful ingredient in the 
cultivation of Orchids. Mr. Lindsay, Royal Botanic 
Garden, said he had noticed that Mr. Moore had dealt 
principally with the more vigorous-growing Orchids. 
Of course he clearly proved the value of the manure, 
but at the same time there were excellent Orchids 
grown without any manure whatever. Nevertheless, 
Mr. Moore's experiments were of the highest value. 
Other members having spoken, a cordial vote of thanks 
was passed to Mr. Moore for his paper. 
A collection of Blenheim Pippin Apples, sent by Mr. 
Barron, Old Meldrum, Aberdeenshire, was spoken of 
by Mr. Dunn as one of the finest seen in Scotland of 
late years. A Cultural Certificate was awarded to the 
collection. A similar honour was awarded to a stand 
of Chrysanthemums sent by Mr. Rushton, Clerwood, 
Corstorphine. Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons exhibited a 
beautiful Japanese Chrysanthemum, Lady Lawrence ; 
and Mr. David Nicolson, Parsons’ Green, showed a 
Rhododendron pnecox in flower, grown in the open 
air. 
The Late Centenary Chrysanthemum Show. 
The treasurer of the association, Mr. Mackenzie, pre¬ 
sented a statement of accounts of this exhibition, which 
showed the receipts to be ^1,398 11s. 9 d. and the 
expenditure £958 os. 5a!., leaving the handsome surplus 
of .£440 5s. 4 d. On the motion of Mr. Dunn, it was 
resolved to contribute £20 to the general funds of the 
association, £5 to the benevolent fund of the association 
£5 to the Royal Infirmary, and £5 to the Gardeners’ 
Orphan Fund. Mr. D. P. Laird moved that the 
association should hold a Chrysanthemum exhibition 
in November next on similar lines to that of last year. 
He said the desire had been almost unanimously 
expressed at a committee meeting that the show should 
be again held. He thought it was their duty to the 
horticultural world, especially to Scotland, to carry out 
another exhibition of the same kind. The chairman 
asked a question as to the advisability of the 
introduction of the element of music into shows. 
Mr. M. Todd said if it had not been for the music at 
the last show, they would not have been able to receive 
so favourable a report as they had received that night ; 
and he claimed that the music having attracted visitors 
to the show, they were led to examine the various- 
examples of Chrysanthemum culture. He thought if 
they made the show one of the very best winter flower 
shows in the kingdom, there was not the slightest 
doubt as to the result. Other speakers expressed them¬ 
selves in a similar way, and eventually Mr. Laird’s 
motion was unanimously adopted. A committee was 
appointed to draw up a schedule. 
