January 25, 1890. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
900 
O -J -J 
Plants in Flower. — Forced plants supply us with 
Azaleas, Deutzias, Lilacs, Solomon’s Seal, Lily of the 
Valley, Dielytra speetabilis, Narcissi, Hyacinths, 
Tulips, and many others. The beautiful and sweet- 
scented Freesia refraeta alba must not be overlooked. 
Then there are Cytisus racemosus, Coronilla glauca, 
Bouvardias, hybrid greenhouse Rhododendrons, Chinese 
Primulas, Cinerarias, Cyclamens, Chrysanthemums, 
Erica liyemalis, E. caffra, E. gracilis, Lachenalias, 
particularly L. pendula, L. tricolor, L. t. aurea, L. t. 
Nelsoni, and many others. 
THE FORCING HOUSES. 
Vineries. —Thinning operations should be commenced 
early in the case of Vines in pots. All unnecessary 
bunches should be removed at once to enable the rods 
to throw more vigour into those that are left. Feed 
liberally with tepid liquid manure. Attend to the 
removing of laterals as they make their appearance at 
the first leaf beyond the bunch, If planted out in a 
border the earliest forced Vines will now require a good 
watering, if that has not recently been given them. 
Before being put on the border it should be heated up 
to a temperature of 80° or 85°, and a quantity of liquid 
manure mixed with it. Syringe the rods in succession 
vineries two or three times a day until the bunches of 
flowers are sufficiently well advanced to be readily 
distinguished, after which it should be discontinued, 
and the atmospheric moisture kept up by damping down 
the paths, keeping the evaporating panswell filled, and 
by the use of fermenting manure. 
THE KITCHEN GARDEN. 
Fruit Trees.— Owing to the continued mildness of 
the weather, the first buds on all sorts of trees are 
getting in a very forward condition. What necessary 
pruning remains to be done should therefore be pushed 
on vigorously, not forgetting standard trees in the 
orchard, which, if old, require a little thinning out 
rather than a regular pruning, and the cutting away of 
old and dead wood. 
Cauliflower and Brussels Sprouts.— Where no 
autumn sowing was made, or where from some cause or 
other the autumn sowing has failed, another of these 
two for early use may be made in a cold frame. After 
the seedlings are up, and during fine weather, the lights 
may be entirely drawn off during the day. This will 
keep the plants healthy and sturdy, and prove more 
satisfactory than those confined in boxes. 
-—>X<-- 
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
The Floral, Fruit and Orchid Committees for the 
present year are constituted as follows : — 
Floral Committee.— Chairman, Mr. W. Marshall, 
Auchinraith, Bexley. Vice-Chairmen, Mr. Shirley 
Hibberd, 1, Priory Road, Kew ; Dr. Maxwell T. 
Masters, F.R.S., Mount Avenue, Ealing, W. ; Mr. 
George Paul, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt. Secretary, 
Archibald F. Barron, Chiswick, W. 
Baines, Thomas, Fern Cottage, Palmer’s Green, N. 
Barlow, S., Stakehill House, Castleton, Manchester 
Burbidge, F. W., Trinity College Garden, Dublin 
Blair, P. C., Trentham Gardens, Stoke-on-Trent 
Cannell, H., Swanley, Kent 
Castle, L., Hotham House, Merton 
Dean, R. Ranelagh Road, Ealing, W. 
D’Ombrain, Rev. H. H., Westwell Vicarage, Ashford 
Douglas, J., Great Gearies, Ilford 
Druery, C. T., 25, Windsor Road, Forest Gate 
Fraser, John, Lea Bridge Road, Leytonstone, E. 
Girdlestone, T. W., Sunningdale, Berks 
Goldring, W., 52, Gloucester Road, Kew 
Herbst. H., Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey 
Hill, E., Tring Park Gardens, Tring 
Holmes, W., Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney 
Ingram, W., Belvoir Castle Gardens, Grantham 
James, J., Farnham Royal, Slough 
Jeffries, C., Boston House Gardens, Brentford 
Kelway, W., Langport, Somerset 
Leach, W. C., Aldbury Park Gardens, Guildford 
Lindsay, R., Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh 
Lowe, R. B., Ashbridge Gardens, Berkhamsted 
May, H. B , Dyson’s Lane, Upper Edmonton 
Mawley, E., Rosebank, Berkhamsted 
Molyneux, E., Swanmore Park, Bishops Waltham 
Nicholson, G., Royal Gardens, Kew 
Noble, C., Sunningdale Nursery, Bagshot 
0 Brien, James, West Street, Harrow-on-the-Hill 
Pilcher, Charles. 84, Ringford Road, Wandsworth 
Pollett, H. M., Fernside. Bickley. Kent 
Ross, F., Pendell Court Gardens, Bletchingley 
Thomas, Owen, Chatsworth Gardens, Chesterfield 
Turner, II., Royal Nurseries, Slough 
Walker, J., Ham Green, Surrey 
Williams, W. H. (Keynes & Co.), Salisbury 
Wynne, B., 17, Catherine Street, Strand, W.C. 
Fruit Committee. — Chairman, Sir C. Strickland, 
Bart., Hildenley, Malton. Vice-Chairmen, Mr. T. 
Francis Rivers, Sawbridgeworth ; Mr. John Lee, 78, 
Warwick Gardens, Kensington ; Mr. It. D Blackmore, 
Teddington. Secretary, Archibald F Barron. 
Balderson, H., Corner Hall, Hemel Hempstead 
Barr, Peter, 12, King Street, Covent Garden 
Bates, W., Poulett Lodge Gardens, Twickenham 
Bennett, W., Rangemore Gardens, Burton-on-Trent 
Bunyard, George, The Nurseries, Maidstone 
Cheal, J., Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley, Sussex 
Cliffe, G., Shoreham Place Gardens, Sevenoaks 
Coleman, W., Eastnor Castle Gardens, Ledbury 
Crowley, Phillip, Waddon House, by Croydon 
Cummins, G. W, The Grange Gardens, Wallington 
Denning, W., Heathfield Nursery, Hampton 
Dunn, Malcolm, The Palace Gardens, Dalkeith 
Fairgrieve, P. W., Dunkeld, N.B. 
Ford, Sidney, Leonardslee, Horsham 
Hogg, Dr., LL.D,, F.L.S., 99, St. George’s Road, S.W. 
Hiyeock, C., Goldings, Hertford. 
Hudson, J., Gunnersbury House, Acton 
Lane, F. Q., The Nurseries, Berkhamsted 
Mclndoe, James, Hutton Hall Gardens, Guisborough 
Moore, F., Blendon Hall Gardens, Bexley 
Moss, A., 39, London Bridge, E C. 
Norman, G., Hatfield House Gardens, Hatfield 
Pearson, A. H., The Nurseries, Chilwell, Notts 
Ross, Charles, The Gardens, Welford Park, Newbury 
Saltmarsh, T. J., The Nurseries, Chelmsford 
Smith, James, Mentmore, Leighton Buzzard 
Sutton, A. W., F. L.S., Reading 
Veitch, H. J., Royal Exotic Nurseries, Chelsea 
Veitch, P. C. M., The Royal Nurseries, Exeter 
Watkins, A.., Exeter Street, Strand 
Warren, W., Worton Gardens, Isleworth 
Weir, Harrison, Sevenoaks 
Wildsmith, W., Heekfield Place, Winchfield 
Willard, Jesse, Holly Lodge Gardens, Highgate, N. 
Wright, John, 171, Fleet Street 
Wythes, G., Syon House Gardens, Brentford. 
Orchid Committee. — Chairman, Mr. H. J. Veitch, 
F.L.S. Vice-Chairmen, Mr. J. Douglas; Dr. M. T. 
Masters, F.R.S. Secretary, Mr. James O’Brien. 
Baines, Thomas, Fern Cottage, Palmer’s Green, N. 
Ballantine, IL, The Dell Gardens, Staines 
Castle, L., Hotham House, Merton 
Crawshay, De Barri, Rosefield, Sevenoaks 
Cookson, Norman C., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne 
Courtauld, Sydney, Booking Place, Braintree 
Dominy, John. 11, Tadema Road, Chelsea, S.W. 
Haywood, T. B., Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate 
Hill, E., Tring Park Gardens, Tring 
Latham, W. B., Botanic Gardens, Birmingham 
Lawrence, Sir Trevor, Bart, M. P. 
Lindsay, R.., Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh 
Moore, F., Blendon Hall Gardens, Bexley 
Philbrick, F. A., Q.C., Oldfield, Bickley Park 
Pilcher, Charles, 84, Ringford Road, Wandsworth 
Pollett, H. M., Fernside, Bickley, Kent 
Sander, F., St. Albans 
Schroder, Biron Henry, The Dell, Staines 
Smee, A. H., Wallington, Surrey 
Tautz, F. G , Studley House, Goldhawk Road, W. 
Williams, H., Victoria Nurseries, Holloway, N, 
-->Z<-- 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
Books. — A. N.: Greenhouse ani Stove Plants, by Thomas 
Baines. Murray. Price about 5s. 
Chinese Primulas. — T. S.: The colour appears to be a good 
deep carmine-red, but th; blooms were so much withered when 
they reached us, that we can say nothing as to any other merits 
the flower may possess. There are certainly plenty as good to 
be seen in any decent strain now. 
Cinerarias. — IF. Young: No, let them bloom, and as soon as 
the flowers fade, cut them out to encourage the side shoots. 
Climbers for Back Wall. — Blackburn: Ficus repens minima, 
F. barbata, Abutilon megapotamicum. (vexillarium ) Trachelo- 
spermum jasminoides, Asparagus plumosus, JE .chynanthus 
Lobbianus, Myrsipliyllum asparagoides, Lygodium scandens, 
Selaginella Willdenovii, Hoya carnosa. Piper porphyrophyllum, 
Vitis (Cissus) discolor, Smilax sarsaparilla, S. ornata. Philoden¬ 
dron melamclirysum, and others. All of the above are grown 
chiefly or solely for their foliage, with the exception of Abutilon 
megapotamicum, Trachelospermum jasminoides, zEschynanthus 
Lobbianus, and Hoya carnosa, which are flowering plants, inde¬ 
pendently of their foliage. All will thrive, and with the 
exception of ,-Eschynanthus, perhaps, will soon cover your wall. 
A great deal, however, depends on the amount of shade to which 
they may be subjected. 
Fruit Trees Barked.— Blackburn : If the bark is gnawed off 
in patches only, the chances are that the trees will recover in 
time. Fresh bark can only be produced from the edges of that 
which is still sound. Vigorous young trees will often renovate 
a great amount of mischief in this way; but old ones repair 
damage with more difficulty. If, however, tire trees are fruitful, 
you should allow them to grow and bear as long as they will. 
The effects of barking are similar to those of ringing, only on a 
larger scale, and the trees may even bear more abundantly for a 
few years. You may coat over the base of the trees with a 
mixture of clay and fresh cow-dung. Another recipe is to mix 
soft-soap, coarse flour and sifted coal-ashes in equal proportions, 
and smear this mixture over the lower 3 ft. of the stems to a 
depth of \ in. or thereby. See that it does not get washed off 
by rain before getting dry and firm. If hares and rabbits are 
the depredators, branches of Furze or Blackthorn may be tied 
round the stems. Wire netting is even better. 
Gravelly Soil.—/. I Vorsley: There is scarcely a vegetable 
that you cannot grow, if you can get manure enough. A good 
dressing of clay would be of the greatest benefit, and if you use 
all the manure and house sewage, slops, &c., that you can get, 
there is no reason why you should not grow very good crops. 
Such a soil will always be a hungry one, and you must be care¬ 
ful not to put any lime on it. A good liquid manure tank 
would be of great assistance to you. 
Hose-in-IIose Primrose.— Primula,: A IIose-in-Hose Primrose 
would naturally be as hardy as the ordinary form, as far as 
climate is concerned, but allowance must always be made for 
individual differences, if the plants have been raised from seed. 
A true Primrose should be Primula vulgaris, or a variety of it, 
and as such should have the common peduncle so shortened and 
hidden by the leaves, that the flowers appear to be borne singly 
on the scapes. A Polyanthus, Hose-in-Hose, or otherwise, 
always has an umbel of flowers borne on a footstalk common to 
all of them. P. vulgaris may, however, occasionally elongate 
its peduncle, thus carrying up its flowers on an umbel, but this 
is by no means of frequent occurrence. 
Peas.— Blackburn : In the case of those sown, we fear you can 
do nothing but resort to trapping ; but when you are sowing 
again, you can protect them by spreading some chopped Gorse 
among the seeds in the rows; by putting some red lead in a 
dish, wetting the Peas and rolling them about in it, so as to coat 
them with it; or by putting a little paraffin oil in a dish and 
rolling the Peas about in it in the same way. 
Pelargonium Leaves Spotted.—H ey. E. P. IF.: The spotting 
of Pelargonium leaves is of common occurrence, and although 
unsightly, is not deadly to the plants, although they must 
always suffer in proportion, as the leaves are deformed. Hardly 
any collection will escape the evil during the winter months. 
Some varieties seem to suffer more from it than others, which is 
doubtless due to a weaker constitution. We attribute the 
malady to the deficiency of light; and a low temperature, with a 
moist atmosphere, no doubt aggravates the malady. The pro¬ 
toplasm or substance of the cells gets drafted to other parts of 
the leaf, or lost; the cells fust become yellow, then dry up, 
become brown, and ultimately drop out. leaving holes. When 
young leaves are attacked, they are prevented from expanding 
equally, and therefore become torn. As the temperature rises 
and the light gets better, healthy leaves will again be produced. 
Strawberry Culture.— S. Perkis: See the article on this 
subject on p. 330. If that does not give all you want, write 
again, stating exactly on what point you require information. 
Vines.— A. B. : The non-setting is probably due to weakness of 
root action, and the maintenance of a too moist atmosphere 
during the flowering period. If you know the roots are all right 
ke’ptlie house drier during the flowering period, and artificially 
set the flowers by meins of a rabbit’s tail tied on to a stick long 
enough to reach the bunches. 
Names of Plants.— P. Whitton: Dendrobium Gibsoni, a 
species found in Khasya by the late John Gibson, of Battersea 
and Hyde Parks, when collecting plants for the Duke of Devon¬ 
shire. 
Communications Received.— C. Joly.—A. 0.—P. B.—J. L.— 
C. H. P.—D. P L—R. J.—T. S.—W. W. 
-- 
THE WEATHER. 
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean reading 
of the barometer during the week ending January 18th, 
was 29'90 ins.; the highest reading was 30T5 ins. on 
Sunday evening, and the lowest 29’34 ins. at the end 
of the week. The mean temperature of the air was 
45’5°, and 7'0° above the average in the correspond¬ 
ing weeks of the twenty years ending 1868. The mean 
considerably exceeded the average on each day of the 
week. The general direction of the wind was S.W., 
and the horizontal movement of the air averaged 15’9 
miles per hour, which was 2 4 miles above the average 
in the corresponding weeks of sixteen years. Rain fell 
on Satuaday, to the amount of 0T3 of an inch. The 
duration of registered bright sunshine in the week was 
7’3 hours, against 12 2 hours at Glynde Place, Lewes. 
-->X<-- 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
January 20th. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 39, Seed 
Market, Mark Lane, E.C., report a good enquiry for 
best English Red Clover and Cowgrass. Alsike also sells 
steady at the advance. White Clover slightly dearer. 
Trefoil unchanged. Rye Grasses meet brisk enquiry, 
and prices are unchanged. 
--»*e-- 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
January ‘llnd. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d s.d. ' s.d. s.d. 
Apples .J-sieve 2 0 7 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 10 16 
— Nova Scotia, barrel 12 0 IS 0 —St. Michaels, each 2 6 7 6 
Grapes .per lb. 2 0 4 0 Plums.J-sieve 
Out Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
Acacia or Mimosa, !.d. s.d. 
French, per bunch 0 9 16 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms ..4 0 8 0 
Azalea_doz. sprays 0 8 10 
Bouvardias, per bun. 0 6 10 
Camellias, 12 blooms 16 4 0 
Carnations, 12 blooms 10 2 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
12 blooms 0 6 2 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
per 12 bunches 6 0 18 0 
Daffodils, doz. blooms 10 2 0 
Epiphyllum,doz blms 0 6 10 
Eucharis per dozer 3 0 5 0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms 9 0 IS 0 
Heliotropes, 12 sprav 0 6 10 
Hyacinth per spray 0 4 0 9 
Hyacinths (Roman), 
doz. sprays 0 5 10 
Lapageria. 12 blooms 2 0 4 0 
Li,ac, white, per bun. 4i 6 0 
Lilium, various. 12 bis. 1 0 S 0 
Lily of the Valley do. 0 6 16 
s.d. s.d. 
MaidenhairFern,12bns 4 0 9 0 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0 6 0 
Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0 4 0 
— (French), .per bun. 16 2 6 
Narcissus (papr-whit) 
doz. sprays 10 16 
Narcissus (papr-wht.) 
French, dozen buns. 4 0 6 0 
Pelargoniums,12spys. 10 16 
— scarlet 12 sprays 0 6 10 
Poinsettia, 12 blooms 4 0 12 0 
Primula, double, bun 0 9 16 
Roses.per dozen 16 3 0 
Roses, Tea, per dozei 10 3 0 
— Red.per doz 10 2 0 
— Saffrano ..per doz 10 2 0 
Scephanotis,12 spraysl2 0 
Tuberoses, per dozeL 10 2 0 
Tulips ....12 blooms 0 9 16 
Violets.. ..12bunches 10 2 0 
— French, per bunch 1626 
-Parme, per buch. 3 0 4 0 
