April 26, 1890. 
THE GARDENING WORLD- 
541 
SEASONABLE WORK IN THE 
GARDEN. 
Plants for Autumn and "Winter Work.—Now is 
the best time to lay a proper foundation for the subjects 
intended to beautify the houses in the shortening days 
of autumn and winter. The young stuff should receive 
a shift into larger-sized pots without delay, and be re¬ 
placed in heat to encourage root action in the fresh soil. 
Due regard also should be given to sufficient exposure 
to heat and light, atmospheric and root moisture, as 
well as ventilation. 
PoiNSETTIAS AND EUPHORBIAS. — The stock of 
Poinsettias and Euphorbia fulgens (jacquiniseflora) 
should still be kept at rest, as no advantage is gained 
by starting them into growth too early for the object of 
taking cuttings, because the plants so raised are apt to 
become leggy and lose their lower leaves long before 
they come into bloom. 
Primulas and Cinerarias. — Batches of these 
useful subjects intended for autumn and early winter 
flowering should be potted off and placed where they 
will receive a due amount of light without being exposed 
to bright sunshine. A little heat in the early stages 
will not be amiss, for the Primulas especially. Later 
on both kinds will do better in a cold frame, when the 
weather becomes sufficiently warm to warrant such 
treatment. 
Azaleas. —As the plants go out of bloom they should 
be examined, with regard to the state of the roots and 
drainage, before being placed in heat to accelerate fresh 
growth. Should any of them require re-potting now is 
the best time to do it, using a compost of four-fifths of 
good, firm, fibry peat, one of fibrous loam, and a good 
admixture of silver sand. In re-potting make the fresh 
soil quite firm by means of a thin, but bluntly-pointed, 
piece of wood to prevent raj ury to the roots. 
Chrysanthemums.— The young stock should now 
be potted from 60-size pots into 48 or 32 sizes according 
to the vigour of the variety or the size of the specimens. 
The compost should consist chiefly of good loam. By 
the time the roots have made headway into this fresh 
compost the weather will be much warmer, and the 
plants may safely be stood upon an ash border in the 
open air, where the light and air will keep them more 
dwarf and sturdy than under glass. 
Bedding-Out Plants. —Work in this department 
is now very heavy where a large amount of bedding-out 
is done. Attention must be given to the pricking out 
of such things as Dianthus chinensis and its various 
forms, such as D. c. diadematus, D. e. Heddewigi, 
Phlox Drummondi, Golden Feather, Tagetes signata 
pumila, Everlastings, Scabious, Saponaria calabrica, 
Stocks, Asters, and a host of subjects used for like 
purposes. 
Violets. —As the various varieties go out of flower 
have the old plants lifted, divided and planted out in 
well-prepared soil on borders in suitably sheltered 
places, where they will make good growth during the 
course of the summer. A commencement may be made 
with the early kinds, such as the Neapolitan. 
Vineries. —The looping down of the young shoots 
must be proceeded with as fast as possible, as work of 
all kinds is now crowding in apace, rendering some 
things liable to be neglected. The best time to loop 
down the shoots is in the afternoon, because they are 
then more limp, pliable, and less likely to snap during 
the operation. On the contrary, all thinning is best 
done in the morning when the hands are cool, but 
touching the berries should be avoided at all times. 
Oranges.— These are now making rapid progress, 
and should be encouraged with plenty of heat and 
atmospheric moisture. The latter may be applied 
freely by means of the syringe, and besides assisting 
fresh growth will tend largely to keep the plants clean 
and check the progress of mealy-bug and scale, which 
multiply with great rapidity at this season. 
Strawberries in Pots.— With the steadily in¬ 
creasing rise of temperature plants in small pots 
especially will require a great amount of attention to 
prevent their getting dry, as the soil becomes a matted 
mass of roots by the time the fruits are well set. As 
the latter swell a regular supply of weak liquid manure 
should be given. This is much better than giving 
strong doses at long intervals. 
Peas. —Make successional sowings to keep up a 
constant supply when they come into bearing. The 
number of sowings necessary, and the space of ground 
to be occupied will, of course, depend upon the demand, 
but the difference between the quantity produced on a 
given area of ground in a wet and a dry season is often 
very considerable. Where there is plenty of space at 
command it would be well therefore to err in having a 
greater supply than demand, rather than a deficit. 
Stake all that are well above ground, or even before, if 
liable to the attack of birds. 
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 
Royal Horticultural.— April 22nd. 
The various exhibits sent up to the meeting on Tues¬ 
day last, together with those brought together for the 
Auricula Society’s Show, served to make the Drill Hall 
more crowded than on any previous occasion this year. 
Orchids were not numerous, but Primulas of various 
kinds, including a large collection of garden varieties 
of P. Sieboldi, contributed to make the display an 
interesting one. There were also fine groups of 
Daffodils, Ferns, Rhododendrons, Amaryllis, Olivias, 
and a collection of Apples in good condition. The 
concourse of visitors was unusually large, and the 
show was visited during the afternoon by several 
notabilities. 
Amongst exhibitors of Orchids was Sir Trevor 
Lawrence, Bart., M.P., Burford Lodge, Dorking, who 
showed a spike of Phaleenopsis grandiflora, bearing 
thirteen blooms oi unusual size. He had also Dendro- 
bium sulcatum, Masdevallia species and Oncidium 
phymatochilum, bearing three large panicles of blooms. 
Baron Schroder (gardener, Mr. H. Ballantine), The 
Dell, Egham, showed Cattleya Lawrenceana Vinckii, 
with a violet-blue lamina to the lip. Messrs. J. Veitch 
& Sons, Chelsea, exhibited Cattleya calummata and 
Cypripediura Priapus, both hybrids, the former being 
very pretty. A. H. Smee, Esq. (gardener, Mr. G. W. 
Cummins), The Grange, Wallington, showed a fine 
piece of Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, with three spikes, 
and Odontoglossum triumphans aureum. Malcolm S. 
Cooke, Esq. (gardener, Mr. D. Cullimore), Kingston 
Hill, had a small group, including Odontoglossum 
Rossii majus, 0. luteo-purpureum, 0. maculatum, 
Oncidium cucullatum, Masdevallia ignea, and a photo¬ 
graph of Cattleya amethystoglossa bearing twenty-four 
blooms. 
A Silver-gilt Banksian Medal was awarded to Messrs. 
Ryder & Son, Sale, near Manchester, who exhibited a 
large group of Primula Sieboldi in pans. The flower- 
stems were very dwarf, exhibiting good culture. A 
Silver Banksian Medal was awarded to Messrs. B. S. 
"Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, for a showy group 
of Olivias, including the fine varieties previously 
described by us, also Spirsea astilboides and Amaryllis. 
Of the latter an intense crimson named The Mahdi was 
very telling. Leeana and Diana were fine crimson -scarlets 
of a different type. Some plants of a hybrid Rhododen¬ 
dron named R. Williamsi were well flowered and distinct. 
Mr. H. B. May received a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
large group of Ferns. A Bronze Banksian Medal was 
awarded to Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons for some well-grown 
and flowered bushes of Chionanthus virginicus, a tree 
Paeony Reine Elizabeth, Azalea rosseflora, and Nephro- 
lepis exaltata compaeta. A similar award was made to 
Messrs. H. Lane & Son, Berkhamsted, for a large 
group of well-flowered Rhododendrons and Azaleas in 
pots. A large and varied collection was sent up from 
the Royal Gardens, Kew, including two baskets 
of different species of hardy Primroses. The flower 
of Aristolochia Goldieana was about 1 ft. across, 
and close by it were Streptocarpa Gunnii, Rhodo¬ 
dendron Falconeri, Tropmolum azureum, Echium 
callithyrsum, Amherstia nobilis, Crinodendron Hooker- 
ianum, Brugmansia sanguinea, and others. Messrs. 
Barr & Son, Covent Garden, exhibited a fine group of 
Daffodils, and Messrs. Paul & Son showed a collection 
of hardy herbaceous plants. A fine group of Pernettya 
mucronata in varieties with white, pink, rose and 
purple berries was shown by Mr. Geo. "Wythes, gardener 
to the Duke of Northumberland, Syon House. The 
plants have been in fruit for the last six months. He 
also exhibited Anthocercis viscosa, Clitoria ternata, 
and Ruscus androgynus. 
Two boxes of grand blooms of Marechal Niel Rose were 
staged by Mr. J. "Walker, Thame, Oxon. Another good 
box of them was shown by — Hodgson, Esq. (gardener, 
Mr. H. Shoesmith), Shirley Cottage, Croydon. Mr. 
Seabright, gardener to Mrs. Grinling, Harrow Weald 
House, Stanmore, had a fine plant of Ochna multiflora 
in fruit. Mr. John T. Gilbert, Anemone Nurseries, 
Dyke, Bourne, Lines, sent single and double Anemones. 
At a meeting of the Fruit Committee a Silver 
Banksian Medal was awarded to Messrs. J. Cheal & 
Sons, Crawley, Sussex, for a collection of Apples in 
good preservation. Amongst them were fine samples 
of Curtail, Hormead’s Pearmain, Gloria Mundi, 
Brabant Bellefleur, Betty Geeson, Scarlet Pippin, 
Alfriston, Norfolk Beefing, and others. Mr. G. Wythes 
exhibited three boxes of forced Strawberries, which 
were very highly coloured, and gave evidence of good 
culture. The kinds were Keen’s Seedling, President, 
and an unnamed seedling of great promise for forcing 
purposes. A quantity of April Queen Broccoli was 
shown by Mr. W. Baylor Iiartland, Cork. The heads 
were of great size and of good colour. 
Birmingham Spring Flower Show. — 
April 1 6th and 17th. 
This, the tenth annual show, was held in unfavour¬ 
able weather, but proved to be an exeellent display, 
good quality ruling generally. Azaleas were very good— 
medium-sized, compact specimens, well flowered. Stove 
and greenhouse plants in flower were not numerous, 
and the first prize lot of six, from Sir Thomas 
Martineau, were perfect examples of first class culti¬ 
vation. Azalea Mollis was plentiful and very fine ; 
and three Roses in pots from the Right Hon. Joseph 
Chamberlain, M.P., were well finished off. Mr. 
Chamberlain also took the first position for twelve and 
six Orchids, capital lots, including grand specimens of 
Cattleya Lawrenceana, C. Mendelii, Dendrobium 
Freemanii, D. Wardianum, D. crassinode Barberianum, 
Oncidium Marsliallianum, Odontoglossum Andersoni- 
anurn, and Cattleya Schroderae. Charles Winn, Esq., 
Selly Oak (gardener, Mr. J. Barnes), was second in 
both classes with some good plants, especially a 
Cattleya Trianee formosa, very beautiful, with a broad, 
richly coloured labellum, and clear yellow throat; some 
fine Cypripediums, viz., C. Warnerianum,C. Schroderse, 
C. villosum and C. venustum, and other Orchids. 
G. H. Kenrick, Esq. (gardener, Mr. W. A. Powell), 
was third with some fine plants. Amongst other 
Orchids sent by Mr. Winn were Mr. Latham’s fine 
seedling, Cypripedium Lathamianum, and the pretty 
Ada aurantiaca, a bright-coloured cool-house Orchid, 
seldom seen, but well worth growing. 
Hyacinths came out stronger than was expected, as 
the season had caused the collections generally about 
Birmingham to have passed their best. Mr. Cooper, 
gardener to Charles Showell, Esq., took the first prizes 
in two classes for eighteen Hyacinths, well done plants, 
with fine spikes and short foliage, and which included 
some quite new varieties. Other exhibitors also came 
out well, and there was a fine display of Tulips. The 
general objects seen at a spring flower show were to 
the front, but Auriculas had been pushed on, and were 
not up to the mark. 
The nurserymen, both local and distant, came out 
well. Of the former, Messrs. Pope & Sons had a group 
in which were some very fine new varieties of Clematis, 
and that very fine double zonal Pelargonium, Le 
Bruant, and excellent floral arrangements in various 
patterns. Messrs. Thomson had a grand group of 
various plants, and a large and very handsome 
memorial anchor. Messrs. Hewitt & Co. had a pretty 
group of plants, and a good assortment of spring¬ 
blooming plants also. 
The distant trade exhibitors were Messrs. Dickson’s, 
Limited, Chester—a fine lot of cut Narcissi, including 
some rare sorts ; Messrs. Cutbush & Son, Highgate 
Nurseries, London—a large group of Cyclamens, their 
new selected Mignonette, Boronia heterophylla (a 
lovely species), cut Narcissi, &c. ; Messrs. Richard 
Smith & Co., Worcester—a grand lot of Mollis Azaleas, 
forced Rhododendrons, Clematis, well-berried Aucubas, 
&c. Altogether it was an attractive and excellent 
show. 
North of Scotland Horticultural Associ¬ 
ation. 
The monthly meeting of this association was held in 
Aberdeen on Wednesday evening, the 16th inst. There 
was a large attendance. The chief business on the card 
was a paper on “ Daffodils and other Spring Flowers,” 
by Mr. George Leslie, Covent Garden, London, and 
which was read by the secretary, Mr. W. Reid. In 
the paper some valuable practical suggestions were 
made concerning the cultivation of the Daffodil and 
Narcissi generally, either as border flowers, or for the 
embellishment of the conservatory or greenhouse when 
grown in pots. As a commercial flower, the Daffodil 
had no equal, as shown by the immense quantities 
brought into the markets during the spring months, 
and at a time when outdoor spring flowers were scarce. 
A long discussion followed the reading of the paper, 
taken part in by Mr. Muirhead, factor to the Earl 
of Aberdeen, Haddo House, and Messrs. C. S. 
France, Harper, Cocker, Robson, Edwards, Grigor, 
and Mr. Smith, the president. All the speakers 
agreed as to the excellence of the paper, but exception 
was taken to the statement that manures should be 
