750 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
July 26, 1890, 
THE WOLVERHAMPTON HORTI¬ 
CULTURAL EXHIBITION. 
Wolverhampton has a public park it may feel proud 
of, and this was the home of the local Horticultural 
Show on the 15th, 16th and 17th inst. A great stretch 
of turf in one portion of the park enabled the committee 
to erect an extensive display of tents, and as the days 
were clear, with moderate sunshine and a pleasant 
breeze, and there was a large attendance, the park 
presented a scene of gaiety with the moving masses of 
people. The band of the Royal Marines, out-door 
amusements, a balloon ascent, with display of fireworks 
and illuminations all combined, formed a rare three 
days’ treat for the Black-country folks, and they came 
in thousands. 
One spacious and very long tent was devoted to 
the great specimens, such as sixteen ornamental and 
flowering plants, six Palms, six ornamental plants, and 
six stove and greenhouse plants. They were a grand 
lot, and Mr. Cypher, of Cheltenham, was first for 
sixteen, six Palms, six stove and greenhouse plants, six 
Tree Ferns, and third for six ornamentals, and it is 
almost needless to say that the first and second prize 
lots against him must have been exceptionally good. 
Mr. Cypher’s first prize lot of eight Orchids was a very 
fine lot—masses of Cattleya Gaskelliana and C. 
Sanderiana, Anguloa Clowesii, Cypripedium Lawren- 
ceana, C. Stonei and C. Curtisii, Lselia purpurata, and 
Dendrochilum filiforme. Mr. Finch, gardener to Mr. 
Alderman Marriott, Coventry, was second, and in this 
lot a superb specimen of Cymbidium Lowianum was 
conspicuous. Four groups were set up in the open 
class, Col. Pepper, Salisbury, taking the first prize, 
and the others ran it closely. In the gentlemen’s 
gardeners’ class, Mr. W. H. Dyer, gardener to Mrs. 
Marigold, was first, the other groups in this class falling 
off in artistic finish. 
The fruit section of the show was not strong, and not 
much of it. In the class for four bunches of Grapes 
Mr. G. Meakin was first, and Mr. Blair, Trentham 
Gardens, second, as well as first in each class for 
Peaches, Nectarines, and collections of ten and six 
varieties of fruit. Strawberries were poor compared 
with other midland exhibits, Kenilworth especially. 
Some excellent vegetables were staged, especially by 
Mr. Lambert, gardener to Col. Wingfield, Shrewsbury, 
who is invariably to the front with first quality and 
style in setting up. Some collections were arranged in 
large round nursery packing baskets—not at all a 
taking and pleasing style of exhibiting. Visions of 
Shrewsbury’s exhibits arise as to quality and style of 
staging. 
There was a grand display of cut Roses. In the 
class for forty-eight bloom's Mr. F. Cant, Colchester, 
was first; The Cranston Nursery Company second ; 
Messrs. Perkins & Sons, Coventry, third; Messrs. 
Prior & Sons, Colchester, fourth. For thirty-six 
blooms The Cranston Nursery Company came first, 
Mr. F. Cant second, Messrs. Perkins & Sons third, and 
Messrs. Prior & Sons fourth. For. twenty-four blooms 
Mr. F. Cant was first, Messrs. Perkins & Sons second, 
and Messrs. Dicksons, Limited, Chester, third. Mr. 
F. Cant took first honours for twelve light Roses, one 
variety, with grand blooms of Mrs. John Laing ; 
Messrs. Prior & Sons were second with fine blooms of 
Lady Mary Fitz-William. For twelve dark kinds, cne 
variety, a superb stand of Alfred Colomb from The 
Cranston Nursery Company was first. Messrs. 
Perkins & Sons, Coventry, led along the line with 
bouquets, beautifully made up ; Messrs. Pope & Son, 
Birmingham, came second with a larger and more loose 
style. 
Numerous other classes were filled, including sec¬ 
tions for amateurs and cottagers. There were several 
honorary exhibits, amongst them Messrs. Hewitt & Co., 
Solihull Nurseries, who had very fine double and 
single Begonias, cut herbaceous plants (a well set up 
lot), bridal bouquet, &c. A very beautiful wreath by 
Messrs. Pope & Sons ; a capital stand of hardy herba¬ 
ceous plants, by Mr. Child ; good florist’s Pink blooms, 
by Mr. A Brown, florist; and various excellent 
exhibits from Messrs. Rd. Smith & Co., Worcester. 
Messrs. Wright & Holmes, horticultural builders, 
Birmingham, had an extensive display of horticultural 
structures. The arrangements of the show were faulty 
in some respects, and the exhibition lacked finish in 
many places. The park alone is worth a visit, Mr. 
Thomas, the superintendent, having the work well in 
hand, and there was a good all-round floral display. 
Long borders of different coloured Violas are very 
bright and telling, and a long border of Campanula 
pumila alba, in bloom, is just now a sight worth seeing. 
NOTICE TO CORRESPONDENTS- 
Correspondents who may require their communica¬ 
tions, if not accepted, to be returned, must in all cases 
enclose stamps for the return postage. The name and 
address of every writer must be given, not necessarily 
for publication, if that is not desired, but simply as a 
guarantee of the writer’s bond fides. No notice what- 
ever will be taken of anonymous letters. 
To save time, as far as possible, correspondents are 
specially requested to write only on one side of the 
paper ; to write their questions in as few words as 
possible consistent with clearness ; and where two or 
more questions are asked on widely different subjects, 
to be good enough to put them on separate pieces of 
paper. 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 
Blessed Thistle. — Omega: Carduus benedictus, or as it 
should more properly be called, Cuicus benedictus, is anative of 
the Levant and Persia, where it was formerly much esteemed 
as a febrifuge and diaphoretic, and we presume is called the 
Blessed Thistle on account of these medicinal properties, in 
the same way as the Angelic Plant, and a number of others. 
Grapes Shanking. — W. J. IV.: The specimen received seems 
to denote a consideiable amount of vegetative vigour, as if stim¬ 
ulated by rank manures; but there is evidently something 
radically wrong with the Vines, probably both at the roots as 
well as the leaves. In the first place, the roots should not be 
allowed to come in direct contact with either rank or decaying 
animal matter, or raw farmyard manure. Secondly, the atmos¬ 
phere of the house is kept in too close and moist a condition, and 
has caused the leaves to become warty on the under surface. In 
fact, they are very badly affected in this way, a sure indication of 
an excess of moisture. In order to be able to ventilate and dispel 
moisture on wet days, you should apply a little fire-heat—just 
sufficient to cause a circulation of the air. We could see some 
cases like the commencement of shanking amongst the berries, 
but unless the roots are very bad, it may not develop to any 
great extent if you accord them better treatment with regard to 
heating and ventilation from now onwards. The berries other¬ 
wise are clean, and the bunch of good size. 
Liquid Manure. — A. Archibald: Human urine is the most 
valuable of all, but should not be used fresh. It should be al¬ 
lowed to putrify so that by the putrefaction the urea and uric acid 
may become decomposed and form ammonia. It should always 
be heavily diluted with water before being used. The well- 
understood rule of weak and olten applies with especial force to 
urine, human and animal, when used in the garden. 
Names of Plants.— IF. G. Cummins: Pleurothallis steno- 
petala of Lindley. 
Nectarines. — R. P.: Your Nectarines are evidently attacked 
with Glaeosporium lietioolor, a fungus which attacks Peaches, 
Grapes and Cucumbers amongst other things. When once the 
fungus gets inside the fruits it is impossible to save them or 
apply a remedy. The mycelium or thread-like growth of the 
fungus spreads with great rapidity, and soon permeates every 
part of the fruit, destroying the reserve materials so that it is 
impossible for the fruit to swell any further. The only thing 
left for you, is to cut off and burn every fruit affected, to prevent 
any more from being dusted with the spores, which will soon 
be too plentiful in the atmosphere of the house. Having received 
the fruit sent just as we are going to press, we have no time to 
make sections and examine under the microscope ; but should 
it turn out different to our expectations, we shall report again. 
Tomatos not Setting.— Tomato : After having examined the 
dried flowers sent we failed to find any evidence of the nature of 
a fungus. The anthers w-ere perfect and contained plenty of 
pollen. We therefore conclude that your plants have failed 
to set because the pollen has not been distributed. The weather 
recently has been very unfavourable to the proper dispersal of 
the pollen, and when such is the case we would advise you to 
use a little fire heat with ventilation, in order to mature the 
anthers and cause them to burst. Then you should go over the 
plants every day, say during the forenoon, aud with the aid of a 
camel-hair brush fertilise the flowers, applying the pollen to the 
stigma. This practice is adopted by some good growers with 
very successful results, and provided your plants are not 
crowded and receive plenty of light, you should experience no 
further difficulty in the matter. 
Communications Received.—H. S.—Waltham House—H. L. 
-J P.—T. E. H.-J, D.—F. C. G.—W. W.-A. O.-F. S. 
-- 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
J. E. Barnes, 9, Exchange Street, Norwich.—Vegetable and 
Flower Seeds. 
T. Laxton, Bedford.—Strawberry Plants. 
John Downie, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh. — Dutch 
Flower Roots. 
-- 
OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
July 23 rd. 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s.d. s.d. i s.d. s.d. 
Artichokes, Globe,doz. 3 0 6 0 Herbs _per bunch 0 2 0 4 
Asparagus-per 100 3 0 5 0! Horse Radish, bundle 3 0 5 0 
Beans, French, per lb. 1 6 2 6 Lettuces ..per dozen 16 2 0 
Beet .per dozen 2 0 3 0 Mushrooms, p. basket 13 2 0 
Cabbages-per doz. 1 6 2 6 Onions_per bushel 3 6 5 0 
Carrots-per bunch 0 6 | Parsley_per bunch 0 6 
Cauliflowers, English, ! Radishes ..per dozen 1 6 
per dozen 3 0 6 0, Smailsalading,punnet 0 4 
Celery-per bundle 2 6 Spinach, per strike ..20 
Cucumbers _each 0 6 10 Tomatos _per lb. 1 0 16 
Endive, French, doz. 2 6 3 0 Turnips _per bun. 0 6 
Potatos.— Kent Regents, 80s. to 100s. per ton ; Kent Kidneys, 
80s. to 100s. per ton ; Champions, 70s. per ton. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Pr cel 
s.d s.d. 
Apples, Tasmanian, 
per case 15 0 IS 0 
Cherries.4 sieve 2 0 10 0 
Currant, black, A sieve 5 0 5 3 
— red. \ sieve 3 0 4 0 
x.d. s.d. 
Grapes .per lb. 1 0 3 0 
Peaches.... per dozen 1 0 12 0 
Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 
— St. Michaels, each 2 6 7 6 
Strawberries., per lb. 0 3 0 6 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
Aralia Sieboldi ..doz. 6 
Arum Lilies, .per doz. 8 
Bouvardias ..perdoz. S 
Calceolaria, per doz. 6 
Cyperus, ..per dozen 4 
Draesena term., doz. 30 
— viridis .doz. 12 
Erica, various ..doz. 12 
Evergreens, in var.. doz. 6 
Ferns, invar..perdoz. 4 
Geraniums (Ivy), doz. 3 
Heliotrope, per doz. 5 
Hydrangea ..per doz. 9 
d. s.d. I i. 
0 18 0 1 Liliums, various, doz.12 
0 12 0 Lobelia.per doz. 3 
0 12 0 Marguerites per doz. 6 
0 9 0 Mignonette, per doz. 3 
0 12 0 Pa lms in variety, each 2 
0 60 0 Pelargoniums .. doz. 6 
0 24 0 Pelargoniums,scarlet, 3 
0 IS 0 Rhodanthe ..perdez. 4 
0 24 0 Roses.per doz. 12 
0 18 0 Roses, Fairy_doz. 6 
0 6 0 Saxifrage ,.perdozenl8 
0 S 0 Spiraea _per doz. 6 
0 24 0 
d. s. d. 
0 30 0 
6 0 
12 0 
6 0 
21 0 
12 0 
6 0 
6 0 
0 24 0 
0 9 0 
0 24 0 
0 12 0 
Out Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s.d. s.d. 
Arum Lilies, 12 blms .. 2 0 4 0 
Bouvardias, per bun. 0 6 10 
Carnations, 12 blooms 10 2 0 
—.doz. behs. 3 0 6 0 
Cornflower doz. bchs. 16 3 0 
Eucharis ..perdozen 4 0 6 0 
Eschscholtzia,12 bch. 2 0 4 0 
Forget-me-not, 12 buns 2 0 4 0 
Gardenias, 12 blooms. 2 0 4 0 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays 0 6 10 
Iris,.doz. bchs. 6 0 IS 0 
Lapageria, 12 blooms 2 0 4 0 
Lilium, various, 12 bis. 0 6 4 0 
Lilium Candidumbun. 16 2 6 
MaidenhairFern,12bns 4 0 9 0 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0 6 0 
Mignonette .. 12 bun. 3 0 6 0 
s.d. s.d. 
Pansy .. per 12 buns. 10 2 0 
Pelargoniums,12spys. 0 6 10 
— scarlet ..12sprays 0 3 0 6 
Pinks, doz. bchs. .. 2 0 6 0 
Primula, double, bun. 0 6 10 
Pyretbrum, doz. bchs. 2 0 4 0 
Roses.per dozen 16 3 0 
— Tea_per dozen 0 6 2 0 
— Red.per doz. 2 0 4 0 
— Saffrano .. per doz. 10 2 0 
— Moss per bneh_0 4 16 
Roses, dozen hunches 2 0 6 0 
Spirea.doz. buns. 4 0 6 0 
Stephanotis, 12 sprays 2 0 3 0 
Sultan_doz. bchs. 3 0 4 0 
Tuberoses, per dozen. 0 C 10 
CONTENTS 
PAGE 
Amateurs’ Garden, the_ 746 
Begonias, tuberous . 747 
Birmingham Rose Show .. 749 
Campanula Van Houttei .. 747 
Carnation Conference, the. 744 
Carnations, layering. 746 
Coreopsis grandiflora .... 747 
Dahlias, single. 739 
Epidendruin falcatum .... 74S 
Fern Conference, the .... 747 
Fuchsia, Riccartoni nana.. 747 
Fruit crops in Midlothian 741 
Fumitory, a climbing .... 747 
Gardeners Orphan Fund .. 739 
Gloxinia, Mrs. Stanley_747 
Grammatophyllum multi- 
florum . 74S 
PAGE 
Horticultural societies.... 749 
Manchester Rose Show .. 749 
Masdevallia elephantieeps. 74S 
Masdevallia Rolfeana .... 749 
Odontoglossum crispum 
Smeeanum . 749 
Oncidium rhizorrhapis.... 748 
Orchid-Growers’ Calendar. 74S 
Peas, Sweet, Eckford's .. 747 
Pelargoniums, Ivy-leaved.. 741 
Pink, the. 744 
Potato disease, the . 740 
Rainfall, the . 739 
Roman Hyacinths. 740 
Trinity Grove, Edinburgh. 741 
Williams Memorial, the .. 740 
Wolverhampton Show .... 750 
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Auction Sales. p agj! 
Protheroe & Morris . 73S 
Bedding Plants. 
T. Box . 737 
Bulbs. 
Barr & Son . 737 
W. B. Hartland. 739 
J. Peed & Sons .. . 737 
Silberrad & Son. 737 
R. Sydenham . 739 
Catalogue 
Cannell & Son. 752 
Cut Flowers. 
H. English . 73S 
Ferns. 
W. & J. Birkenhead. 73S 
Smith. 737 
Turner .. 737 
Florists’ Flowers. 
E. S. Dodwell. 739 
J. Galvin. 737 
J. Laing & Sons. 739 
R. B. Laird & Sons . 737 
S. Shepperson. 73S 
J. Stevens. 739 
Fruit. 
J. A. Van Den Blink. 737 
G. Bunyard & Co. 737 
Garden Sundries, &c. 
Agri - Horticultural 
Chemical Co. 752 
J. Arnold. 737 
J. Bent’*y. 752 
G. Carradiee . 737 
Fisher & Sharpe. 738 
J. Haws. 752 
Hirst, Brooke & Hirst .. 737 
Horticultural and Agri¬ 
cultural Chemical Co. 738 
G. R. King. 73S 
R. Sankey & Son . 752 
Slugicide . 737 
The “ Stott ’’ Distributor 752 
J. Walker. 737 
Heating Apparatus. 
Thames Bank Iron Co.... 737 
PAGE 
Horticultural Builders. 
J. Boyd & Sons . 737 
W. Cooper . 752 
J. Gray. 737 
Hayward .:. 737 
H. Hope . 752 
Mellowes & Co. 737 
W. Richardson & Co. ... 752 
J. Weeks & Co. 737 
Insecticides. 
Bridgford’s Antiseptic... 737 
Gishnrst Compound_ 737 
Horticultural & Agricul¬ 
tural Chemical Co. 73S 
Nicotine Soap... 737 
“Stott." . 752 
Manures. 
W. H. Beeson. 737 
Clay & Levesley. 73S 
Clay's Invigorator. 73S 
W. Thomson & Sons. 737 
Miscellaneous. 
Epps’ Cocoa. 752 
Gishurstine. 737 
A. Outram . 752 
Smyth's Orchid Baskets 737 
Orchids. 
Liverpool Horticultural 
Co. 73S 
P. McArthur . 737 
Roses. 
H. English . 737 
J. Laing & Sons . 737 
Seeds. 
Daniels Bros. 73S 
Sutton & Sons. 737 
R. Sydenham. 739 
Webb & Sons . 739 
Stove and Greenhouse 
Plants. 
A. J. A. Bruce. 739 
H. English . 737 
Ed. Pynaert. 737 
Strawberries. 
H. Bennett . 737 
G. Bunyard & Go. 737 
J. Cornish. 737 
T. Rivers & Son. 737 
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Small Advertisements, solid type, 6d. per line of about nine 
words. Displayed Advertisements, per inch, 6s. ; per column 
(12 ins. long), £3 5s. ; per half-page, £5; per page, £9. Special 
quotations given for a series. Gardeners and others Wanting 
Situations, thirty words for Is. 6d ., prepaid. 
Postal and Money Orders to be made payable to B. Wynnis, 
at the Drury Lane Post Office, W.C. 
■%* Advertisements for the current week, and also 
“Stop Ordersmust reach the office net later than the 
first post on Wednesday Adorning. 
