September 30, 1893. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
67 
ern Europe, carries racemes of large white flowers, 
and is one of the most robust and floriferous 
Lilies we have, flowering from June until the end 
of September. 
L. Brownii (H.) does not bloom in such profusion 
as the former ; but has larger flowers, with a bell¬ 
shaped perianth fully 6 inches in length, h lowers are 
white inside, and purplish-brown on the outside. 
Spikes 2 to 3 ft. high, and flowering from July to 
August. 
L. B.^temanii (H ),is a slender grower, 3 to to 4 ft. 
in height. The flowers are borne erect, and in 
umbels of 4 to 6. Perianth, cup-shaped ; colour, 
deep, rich Apricot: flowering July to September. 
L. BULBiFERUM (H.) has umbels of deep red 
flowers, from 2 to 3J inches over. 
L. AURATUM (H.). also known as the “Japanese” 
and “ Golden Rayed ” Lily, is one of the most 
glorious of the whole genus. It is too well known to 
need any description here. 
L. AURATUM RUBRO viTTATUM (H.) is another 
very showy variety. The yellow band in the centre 
of the petals, a characteristic of the Auratums, is here 
replaced with a broad red stripe, while the petals 
are spotted with deep carmine. Both bloom from 
August to October. 
L. GiGANTEUM (G.), also kuown as the Great 
Himalayan Lily, makes immense growths of 6 to 8 
ft. These are clothed throughout their whole length 
with huge, glossy green leaves. The blooms are 
trumpet-shaped, 7 to g in. long, and borne in trusses 
of eight to thirteen flowers, the interiors of which 
are exquisitely pencilled and shaded with deep lake. 
It is almost hardy, and being so vigorous and a 
quick grower, requires a large amount of water. 
Its flowering period extends from June to August. 
L. Leichtlinii (H.) is very distinct. It has 
recurved petals, similar to the Martagon class, but 
they are bright yellow, and densely spotted with 
dark crimson. 
L. Chalcedonicum (H.), the Scarlet Martagon 
Lily, also known as the Scarlet Turk’s Cap, flowers 
in racemes upon an upright growth. It will grow 
in almost any position, but needs to become 
established if its true form and beauty are to be 
seen. July to August. 
L. SUPERBUM (H.) is a tremendous grower, forming 
spikes 7 to 9 ft. high, and very stout. The blooms 
are large, and vary in shape and ’ colour. The 
general colour is orange, but they approach both 
the crimson and yellow shades. July to August. 
L. Harrisii (H. and G.), the Bermunda Lily, is 
one of the very best, especially for forcing. For cut 
flowers they are indispensable, the blooms being 
pure waxy-white, and very sweet-scented. Particu¬ 
larly free-flowering and reliable, it should be 
included in every collection. It sometimes flowers 
twice in one season, and quite small bulbs will 
produce a bloom spike. 
This list could be extended to double and treble 
its length, and yet not exhaust more than half of 
the splendid varieties to be found in this genus. 
When in full growth and flower a copious watering 
will benefit all Lilies ; in fact, dryness at this time is 
the principal,cause of failures. As cut flowers they 
are unsurpassed ; the whole spike can be cut without 
injury to the bulb, so long as you leave a few 
healthy leaves upon the remaining portion to assist 
in developing the bulb for next season’s use. 
As Liliums seed freely, and are so easily hybridised, 
they open a very interesting field of experiment to 
the amateur. The first point is to remove the 
anthers immediately the blooms expand, and before 
any pollen can ripen. When the pistil is coated with 
a shiny, glutinous matter, it is ready for crossing 
with the pollen of another variety. Remove one or two 
anthers having dry and ripe pollen, and gently touch 
the pistil with these. Unless you make a point of 
removing the anthers in the flower to be crossed, 
the viscid matter upon the pistil is certain to catch 
some of the pollen from its own anthers. For the 
same reason you must protect the flowers from bees 
and other insects, or your work will be forestalled 
and otherwise frustrated. Notwithstanding there 
are a large number of varieties already raised, there 
is a peculiar fascination in raising one’s own seed¬ 
lings. Named varieties are increased from ofi'-sets 
from older bulbs ; but some few species, L. tigrinum 
and L. bulbiferum for example, produce quantities 
of small bulbs at the axils of the leaves on the lower 
part of their stems.— Experience. 
THE MEDAL ROSES 
OF 1893. 
Four medals are given for the best flowers in the 
show at the two principal exhibitions of the National 
Rose Society, and a few notes upon the winning 
varieties during the past season may not be out of 
place. One of the medals is awarded to the best 
Tea in the nurserymen’s division, and another to 
that among the amateurs’ exhibits, the same order 
being followed for the best hybrid perpetuals. At 
the Crystal Palace Show the best Tea among the 
amateurs was 
Madame Cusin, sent out by Guillot Fils in 1881. 
This was indeed a splendid bloom, and one of the 
very best Teas I have ever seen ; I did not imagine 
the variety capable of producing so grand a Rose 
previous to seeing this. It is a free grower and 
bloomer, very fragrant, of great lasting qualities, 
and of a soft but clear violet-rose colour. In the 
nurserymen’s classes the best Tea was 
The Bride, also a marvellously well-finished 
bloom. This was a sport from Catherine Mermet, 
and was introduced by May in 1885. It is an exact 
counterpart of C. Mermet in all but colour. This is 
lemon-white when young, getting much purer with 
age. In the autumn, it sometimes comes slightly 
tinged with soft rose, somewhat in the way of 
Marie van Houtte. The amateurs' best hybrid per¬ 
petual was 
Dupuy J amain, sent out in 1868. This is one of 
the most reliable Roses we have, and is splendid for 
garden decoration. It is a bright cerise when first 
opening, but loses its colour quickly, turning to a dull 
purplish-red. A strong grower, very free and hardy, 
and flowering particularly well in the autumn, this is 
a grand old Rose. The same variety won the medal 
as the best hybrid perpetual in the nurserymen’s 
divisions, both at the Crystal Palace and Worksop. 
This was 
Horace Vernet, an old introduction of J. B. 
Guillot Fils, who gave it us in 1866. As an exhibi¬ 
tion Rose it is perfection, and in a few places also 
grows freely enough to be useful for general culture ; 
but, as a rule, all except exhibitors will do well' to 
avoid it, being of very weak and uncertain growth 
in most gardens. The shape is perfect, imbricated, 
and with a full centre. Scarlet-crimson, with deep 
maroon shadings, will perhaps best describe the 
colours. It always produces a few good blooms in 
its maiden stage, especially when grown on the 
Brier stock, after this it is often quite useless. At 
Worksop 
Madame Hoste gained the medal both in 
the amateur and nurserymen’s divisions. Like 
Horace Vernet and Madame Cusin, this grand 
Rose was introduced by M. Guillot, and, 
curiously, was distributed during the same year as 
the winning hybrid perpetual among the amateurs 
at this show, viz., 1887. This is a perfect shaped 
Rose, of immense size, a vigorous grower, and very 
free-flowering. The colour is a pale, clear yellow, 
very constant, and the flower lasts well. 
Mrs. John Laing was the amateur’s medal, hybrid 
perpetual. This is probably the best Rose the late 
Mr. Henry Bennett sent out. It is thoroughly per¬ 
petual, very free in growth and bloom, of a most 
distinct and pleasing rosy-pink colour, and cer¬ 
tainly one of the best all-round Roses we have. 
Such is a brief description of the medal Roses at the 
National Society’s exhibitions for this year. Before 
closing these notes, I would like to call attention to 
the fact that M. Guillot has given us two Roses which 
have won both medals, viz., Mdme. Hoste and 
Horace Vernet; also another winner in Madame 
Cusin. No other grower has given such a list of 
grand Roses as the following, all of which were 
sent out by this firm and have been proved extra 
good :— 
Hybrid Perpetual.— Comtessed’Oxford, Eugenie 
Verdier, Horace Vernet, Marie Cointet, Monsieur 
Norman, Senateur Vaisse, and La France. 
Teas. —Catherine Mermet, Comtessede Nadaillac, 
Ernest Metz, Etoile de Lyon, Edith Gifford, 
Madame Bravy, Madame Cusin, Madame de 
Watteville, Madame Hoste, Madame Margottin, 
Luciole, and Madame Falcot. In other divisions 
the Messrs. Guillot have been almost equally suc¬ 
cessful. 
Since writing the above, I much regret to hear of 
the death, on September 6th, of Monsieur J. B. 
Guillot, the raiser of so many beautiful Roses. His 
name as raiser, or introducer, was a guarantee that 
the variety was worth cultivating.— A . Piper. 
®^aning0 ftrnm Pnrih 
uf StencE. 
Garden Latin. —The more that Latin becomes 
used in the garden for the naming of plants and 
the more cultivators there are who are better 
acquainted with the cultivation of plants than with 
Latin, and yet name their plants in that language, 
the more do errors become multiplied, A list of 
such words, if any one were to trouble themselves to 
make it, would be a lengthy one, and very amusing 
no doubt to those who are well acquainted with 
Latin. Another source of trouble of more importance 
is the frequency with which diphthongs are used by 
English writers, especially in the naming of plants. 
Different writers have different ways of writing the 
diphthong, and cause no end of perplexity to printers 
who cannot make out whether ae or oe is meant. 
The last is of very rare occurrence in words, yet it 
frequently gets substituted for the other, and vice 
versa indiscriminately. This confusion could very 
well be avoided by following the example laid down 
by the " Index Kewensis,” which never, as far as we 
have been able to see, uses a diphthong at all, but 
gives the two letters separately. This is the plan 
followed (not adopted) by those who compile Latin 
dictionaries. Such being the case, it is difficult to see 
what advantage is gained by using diphthongs at all. 
It would save a deal of trouble to write the letters 
separately and print them so. 
Latin examples.—According to the " Index 
Kewensis,” Latin dictionaries,and good Latin writers, 
as we have said, no diphthongs are used, although 
the words that have two vowels coming together are 
pronounced as if they were diphthongs. For 
instance, Laelia is nearly always written Laelia in 
this country. Another word causing a great deal of 
bother is caeruleus, sometimes written caruleiis and 
sometimes ccertileus. In Latin it is caeruleus without 
the diphthong, although it comes from caelum, 
generally written coelim, but incorrectly so as the 
Latin writers say. The word caelum means heaven, 
the skies, or the welkin, and generally refers to the 
blue colour of the skies. The word caeruleus, derived 
from it, is applied to many plants having blue flowers, 
so that we frequently meet with the trouble it gives 
rise to. Taking the worAcoelum, still most frequently 
used by Latin writers, we find it in Agathea coelestis 
and Lychnis coeli-rosa always written with a 
diphthong, and wavering between ce and ce by 
careless writers. Coelogyne is another word where 
the oe is usually, but uselessly, written with a 
diphthong. Saxifraga caesia and S. caespitosa are 
other names in frequent use, and both are often 
written with ce, which is wrong. Caespitosa comes 
from caespes, sometimes in Latin even written cespes. 
All these mistakes might be avoided by following 
the plan as shown in the “ Index Kewensis.” When 
two vowels like ae, oe, ai, ei, and oi come together 
in Latin they are pronounced as if they were 
diphthongs. Oi is more frequent in Greek than in 
Latin. 
Latin Names in other Countries. —The French 
and the Italian languages are modern representations 
of the dead Latin tongue, so that writers in the first 
two languages mentioned would be liable to make 
mistakes and to allow good Latin to become 
corrupted, just as we do. We might, however, 
expect them to be more correct in pronunciation, 
and this we find them to be. Belgian horticultural 
writers do not employ diphthongs as a rule, if in any 
case. Italian writers, on the other hand, when 
employing Latin names use diphthongs in some 
cases, such as Angraecum, Cypripedium prsestans, 
C. Godefroyae, C. oenanthum, and Cattley^Trians, 
while on the same page they would write Coelogyne, 
Cypripedium Ashburtoniae, C. Hookerae, Laelia, 
and so on indiscriminately. The same word is 
sometimes written with and sometimes without the 
diphthong. Apparently the Latin corruptions give 
as much or more trouble there than here, and the 
best plan surely would be to return to the original 
Latin, which would not be difificult to do.— J-F. 
The Carnation, its History, Properties, and Management, 
with a descriptive list of the best varieties in cultivation. By 
E. S. Dodvvell. Third edition, with supplementary chapter on 
the Yellow Ground. London: Gardening World 0 £ 5 ce, i ^ 
Clement’s Inn, Strand. W.C. is. 6d.; post free, is. yd.—Adv.] 
